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Cells Science

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17 views24 pages

Cells Science

cells ppt

Uploaded by

Tulin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structure and

Function of Living
Organisms
-Cells

1
“A cell is defined as the
smallest, basic unit of life.

2 Cells

They are the building blocks of


life.
► Each component in the animal cell has
a particular function.
► Animal cells often have an irregular
shape.

Animal cell

3
The four key components of most animal cells are:
•Nucleus - This controls the cells activities.

•Cytoplasm - This is a jelly like substance. Most of the


cell’s activities happen here.

•Cell membrane - This is a very thin, partially permeable


membrane. It keeps the cell together and controls what
enters and leaves the cell.

•Mitochondria – For aerobic respiration.


4
► Plant cells often have a regular shape.
► They have the same cell components as animal cells:
a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm ,mitochondria
► They also have chloroplast, vacuole and cell wall.

Plant cell

5
•Cell wall: Thick layer around the cell. It is made of
cellulose, which is very strong. It provides support to the
plant and gives rigid shape to the cell.

•Vacuole: This is the storage area of cell. It is filled with a


watery liquid called cell sap. Food and chemicals stored in
here. Plant cells have a permanent large vacuole where as
animal cells have small Temporary vacuoles that are variable
in numbers.

•Chloroplasts: These are the green tiny discs in the


cytoplasm that contain chlorophyll(green pigment) which
absorbs the light. They make food for the plant by
photosynthesis. Found in the cells of green parts of plants
6

only (leaves and stems).


► Mitochondria's primary function is
to produce energy.
► Mitochondria are site of aerobic respiration to
generate energy (ATP).
7
They do not have a
Nucleus,
Chloroplast or
Mitochondria

Cell wall

Animal Plant Bacteria


Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell wall is present Cell wall is absent


Difference
Definite shape Round or irregular shape between
plant and
animal cell
Single large Many small
vacuole(permanent) vacuoles(temporary)

Chloroplast is present Chloroplast is absent


9
Common parts of animal and plant cells

1- Cell Membrane
2- Cytoplasm
3-Nucleus
4-Mitochondria
10
Only in plant cells
1- Cell Wall

2- Chloroplasts

3- Large Permanent Vacuole

11
UNICELLULAR AND MULTI-CELLULAR
ORGANISMS

► Some living organisms are made of one cell, and some are made of many cells.
► The living organisms made of only one cell are called unicellular organisms.
► Ex; bacteria, Amoeba
► The living organisms made of more than one cell are called multicellular
organisms.
► Ex; Plants and animals
12
Draw a face in each box to show how confident you are that you have the right answer.
•Complete the table with ticks to show the parts in plant and animal cells.

Part of cell Animal cell Plant cell

cell surface membrane

cell wall

chloroplast

cytoplasm

mitochondria

nucleus

13
vacuole
•Draw lines to match the cell parts with their jobs (functions).

cell surface membrane where the cell’s activities happen

cell wall where energy is released from respiration

chloroplast where plant cells make their food

cytoplasm a cellulose box that helps support the cell

a thin bag that controls what goes into and out of


mitochondria
the cell

nucleus storage space

vacuole the ‘control centre’ of14the cell


There are 5 Levels of Organization
in Multicellular Organisms:

► Life is organized into different levels


based upon size (from small to large).
1. Cells
2. Tissues
3. Organs
4. Organ Systems
5. Organisms 15
Specialised cells and tissue
► Cells from different tissues have different shapes,
sizes and function to help them do their jobs. The
cells are specialized.
► Cells of the same type working together to perform a
specific job make up tissue. Ex: nerve tissue,
muscle tissue

16
Animal tissues;

Muscle cells form muscle tissue which


helps in movement.
Nerve cells form nervous tissue which
17

transmit and receive messages.


Blood cells form blood tissue carries
materials from one part of the body to
the other.
From tissues to organs
► Different tissues working together to do
particular job make up an organ.

► Each organ is responsible for carrying out one


or more functions.

► The most common organs in animals;


Heart, lungs, liver, stomach, kidneys and brain.

► Plants also have organs;


Leaves, roots, stems and flowers.
18
Human Organs and their functions

Skin is the biggest organ which is used Functions of


for protection and sensing things.
organs
Heart pumps blood throughout your
body.

Liver stores the digested food.

Lungs get in oxygen and give out 19

carbon dioxide.
Plant Organs

Stem supports the plant.


It transports water with dissolved minerals from the roots to
the leaves; also transports food from the leaves to all parts
of the plants.

Roots absorb the water with dissolved minerals from the soil.
It holds the plant in the soil.

Flowers help in the reproduction of plant. Produce seeds


which grow to produce new plants.

A leaf is an organ that makes food for the plant. 20


organs systems
An organ system is a group of organs working
together to perform a common function.
Examples:
Human organ systems include circulatory system,
reproductive system, digestive system, nervous
system, and respiratory system.

Plants have two main organ systems; root system


and shoot system.

21
Organ system Organs Job

breathing system windpipe (trachea), lungs


takes air into the body and gets rid of waste
gases

circulatory system heart, blood vessels carries oxygen and food around the body

digestive system breaks down food


Organ mouth, gullet, stomach,
intestines
Systems
nervous system
in brain, spinal cord, nerves carries signals around the body and allows
Humans you to sense things

urinary system bladder, kidneys gets rid of waste


22

skeletal system muscles, bones allows movement

water transport system (plants) roots, stem, leaves carries water up a plant
Organ systems in
Plants
The shoot system consists stems,
leaves, and the reproductive parts of
the plant (flowers and fruits). The
shoot system generally grows above
ground, where it absorbs the light
needed for photosynthesis. This
system transports water from ground
up to leaves.
The root system, which supports the
plants and absorbs water and minerals,
is usually underground.

23
Organisms
All cells, tissues, organs and organ systems working together
makes an organism such as a human being.
If any of the body system fails to work properly, a living
organism may die.

24

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