ICT (Information and Communications Advertising Banners Interacti Behaviora

Technology) Technologie HTML/ ve l

s FTP Flash/ RDF/
➢ Deals with the use of different technologies to Java/ RDFS/
locate, save, send, and manipulate information. XML OWL
➢ The fusion of hardware, equipment, precise
software, GUI, and effective digital SOCIAL MEDIA
telecommunications network is the present ➢ ICT produced another high-impact user
composition of the ICT network. application
➢ Perhaps one of the widely used information ➢ Blogs, enterprise social networks, forums photo-
systems today, the World Wide Web, the product sharing sites, product selling and review sites,
of this fusion research sharing sites, special interests groups,
social games, social networks, and video sharing
WORLD WIDE WEB
➢ System that enables you to access hypertext
documents and files over the Internet
➢ Tim Berners-Lee – invented world wide web
Types of Web Pages:
1. Web 1.0
➢ Read-only Web
➢ No facilities to interact with it other than to
read or view the content
➢ Documents are numbered with addresses that
should be inputted to retrieve the file Think Before You Click
2. Web 2.0 True
➢ Read and Write Web Helpful
➢ Enabled users or viewers to edit the content Inspiring
of the files they were accessing Necessary
➢ In this period, blogging sites started to gain Kind
popularity
3. Web 3.0 Netiquette
➢ Semantic Web ➢ Network Etiquette
➢ Allows data to be shared and reused to DO’S DON’T’S
deliver web content specifically targeting the • Be polite and • Avoid hate speech
user respectful and bullying
➢ Envisioned to be smarter access of hypertext • Have an open • Exposing personal
files mind
CRITERIA WEB 1.0 WEB 2.0 WEB 3.0 information
Communicat Broadcast Interacti Engaged/ • Give credit where • Do not plagiarize
ion Static ve Invested credit is due
Information Read-only Dynamic Portable & Netizen
Personal ➢ person who is a member or a part of the online
Individual community
Focus Organizati Commun Individual Avatar
Content on ity Immersio ➢ an extension of your personality and an
Interaction Ownershi Sharing n extension of the existing society that you are part
p Web Smart of
Web Applicati applicatio
Forms on ns
Search Directorie Tags/ Context/
TRENDS IN ICT
s Keyword Relevanc ➢ As the world in ICT continues to grow, the
s e industry has focused on several innovations
Metrics Page Cost per User ➢ These innovations cater to the needs of the
views click Engagem people that benefit most out of ICT
ent

______________________________________________________________ 1
➢ Whether it’s for business or personal use, these d. Blogs and Forums
trends are the current front runners in the ➢ Allow users to post their own content.
innovation of ICT ➢ Other users are able to comment on the
1. Convergence said topic
➢ Technological convergence- the synergy of ➢ Ex. Blogger, WordPress, and Tumblr
technological advancements to work on a ➢ Forums are typically part of a certain
similar goal or task website or web service
➢ Convergence- using several technologies to e. Microblogging
accomplish a task conveniently ➢ sites that focus on short updates from
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES the user. Those subscribed to the user
• Component • Higher rates from will be able to receive these updates.
miniaturization network providers ➢ Ex. Twitter and Plurk
• Price reduction of • Severe outrages f. Media Sharing
items • Information leak ➢ sites that allow you to upload and share
• Tailored your media content like images, music, and
needs video. Most of these sites have additional
2. Social Media social features like liking, commenting,
➢ A website, application, or online channel that and having user profiles.
enables web users to create, co-create, ➢ Ex. Flicker, YouTube, and Instagram
discuss, modify, and exchange user- 3. Mobile Technologies
generated content ➢ The popularity of smartphones and tablets
➢ According to Nielsen, a global information and has taken a major rise over the years. This is
measurement company, Internet users spend largely because of the device’s capability to
more time on social media sites than any do tasks that were originally found in personal
other type of site computers
➢ With this, more and more advertisers use ➢ Different Operating Systems:
social media to promote their products a. iOS - used in Apple devices such as the
➢ 6 Types: iPhone and iPad
a. Social Networks b. Android 1- an open-source operating
➢ Sites that allow you to connect with other system developed by GoogleTM. Being an
people with the same interests or open source means several mobile phone
background companies use this OS for free.
➢ Once a user creates his/her account, c. BlackBerry OS - used in Blackberry
he/she can set up a profile, add people, devices
create groups, and share content d. Windows Phone OS - a closed source and
➢ Ex. Facebook and Google+ TM proprietary operating system developed by
b. Social News Microsoft® as replacement to Windows
➢ Allows users to post their own news Mobile
items or links to other news sources e. Symbian - the original smartphone OS;
➢ Users can also comment on the post and used by Nokia devices
comments may also be ranked f. WebOS - originally used for smartphones;
➢ They’re capable of voting on these news now used for smart TVs
articles of the website. g. Windows Mobile - discontinued family of
➢ Ex. Reddit and 9gag mobile operating systems and was
c. Bookmarking Sites developed by Microsoft® for smartphones
➢ Allows you to store and manage links to and pocket PCs
various websites and resources
➢ Most of these sites let the users create a ASSISTIVE MEDIA
tag that allows them and others to easily a nonprofit service designed to help people who
search and share these tags have visual and reading impairments. A database
➢ Ex. StumbleUpon and Pinterest of audio recordings is used to read to the user. You
may visit http://www.assistivemedia.org/ for
several audio recordings

______________________________________________________________ 2
 ONLINE RESEARCH computer-generated animation, coding, and
➢ The information that we need is more likely holograms
already on the Internet. It is just a matter of how
to look for it and how to use information from MAIL MERGE
the most credible source ➢ the automatic addition of names and addresses
➢ “Judge a man by his questions rather than his from a database to letters and envelopes in
answers.“ -Voltaire order to facilitate sending mail, especially
advertising, to many addresses. merging the
Tips in conducting online research: form document and the data file
1. Have a question in mind Components of a mail merge:
➢ Keep it simple 1. Form Document
➢ Search for questions one by one ➢ It is generally the document that contains the
2. Narrow it down main body of the message we want to convey
➢ Search engines use filters to look for your or send
needs 2. Data File or List
➢ Use the correct keywords ➢ This is where the individual information or
3. Advanced search
data that needs to be plugged in (merged) to
➢ use “quotes“ to get exact match
the form document is placed and maintained
➢ Search for a specific site:
➢ exclude a term from search results –
Label Generation
➢ search images with a particular size
imagesize: ➢ Included in the mail merge feature on Microsoft
➢ search for a particular filetype with filetype: Word is the Label Generator.
➢ Can’t remember the term? Use * ➢ It just makes sense that after you print out your
➢ using or & and form letters, you will need to send it to individual
➢ year specifications? AFTER: BEFORE: and .. recipients in an envelope with the matching
➢ cached version of a website? cache: address printed directly on the envelope or on a
4. Look for credible sources mailing label to stick on
➢ scientific journals, established news and Steps in creating a simple mail merge:
magazine websites, online encyclopedias, CREATING THE FORM DOCUMENT
and scholarly databases 1. Open Microsoft Word and start a new blank
➢ Make sure the URL of a website ends with document. You can use the keyboard shortcut
.org, .edu, .gov Ctrl+N after Microsoft® Word has been loaded
➢ Have multiple sources of information to or opened.
validate your query
5. Give credit
➢ Name of the person or organization (the
author of the information). Title of the home
page in italics (title is shown in title bar but is
sometimes missing or unrelated). URL. Date
last seen.
➢ SohamDeRoy. (2022, August 12). How to
google like a pro – 10 tips for more effective 2. On the Mailings tab, from the Start Mail Merge
googling.https://www.freecodecamp.org/new group, choose Start Mail Merge>Letters
s /how-to-google-like-a-pro-10-tips-
foreffective-googling/. Retrieved on *Type the letter below. You will be typing in only the
September 14, 2023. common parts of the letter. These are the text that
does not change for each copy you print.
DIGITAL POETRY
➢ a form of electronic literature that incorporates
the use of computers to display and interact
with the work.
➢ Heavily influenced by concrete and visual
poetry, digital poetry includes use of hypertext,
______________________________________________________________ 3
 the Play From button to show the effect inside the
slide. Click Stop button if you want to cancel.
6. To add timing to the animation, select the Timing
group in the Animations tab. You may change the
Duration in seconds and also its Delay in
seconds. For example, change the duration of the
animation that is used earlier in the All About Me
object to 00.75 and 00.25 seconds to Delay as
shown in the last figure.
7. To view the animation and effects, you may click
the Play From button to the Animation Pane or
press F5 to view the slide.
8. Save the presentation to your folder and name it
3. Save your letter and name it “Sample Letter“ as “My First Presentation.“
4. Insert the fields you need in the letter (Name,
Company, Address Line 1, Address Line 2, Inserting Hyperlinks in the Presentations
Address Line 3, and Title). You may want to make ➢ Another important advanced feature of
special markings on these fields as you type. The Microsoft Office tools is using hyperlink. In
most common marking you can do is by typing PowerPoint, hyperlinks are uses to link to
in capital letters or ALL CAPS so you can easily resources that are not online.
identify them later ➢ A quick way to refer to another slide in your
presentation is to create a hyperlink to that slide.
If you need to access a file stored on your
computer, you can create a hyperlink to it.
Additionally, PowerPoint allows you to format
pictures and shapes as hyperlinks.

ADVANCED AND COMPLEX FORMULAS AND

COMPUTATIONS USING MICROSOFT EXCEL

Microsoft Excel
➢ a spreadsheet application that can help you
calculate and analyze numerical information for
budgets, company finances, inventory, and more
➢ Formula- is a set of mathematical instructions
that can be used in Excel to perform calculations.
5. Save the form document once more. You can use It always start with an equal sign (=).
Ctrl+S to quickly do this step ➢ Cell- is a rectangular area formed by the
intersection of a column and a row. Cells are
Inserting Customs Animation identified by the Cell Name (or Reference, which
1. Type the following text in the slide as shown in is found by combining the Column Letter with the
the box. Row Number.
2. Choose the text or object you want to add the ➢ Function- is a ready-made formula in Microsoft
animation effect. For our example, select or Excel which performs a series of operations has
highlight the text All About Me. its name and arguments and its mathematical
3. Select the Animations tab and choose any on the function in parenthesis
list of animations from the group of Entrance, Some common functions are:
Emphasis, and Exit. • SUM: adds all cells in the arguments AVERAGE:
4. You can also select other effects on the calculates the minimum value in a range of cells
additional options such as More Entrance Effects, • MIN: compute the minimum value in the range
More Emphasis Effects, More Exit Effects, and of cells
More Motion Paths.
• MAX: compute the maximum value in a range of
5. When you select the Animation Pane, it will cells
display the details about the effect. You may click
______________________________________________________________ 4
• COUNT: counts the number of cells in a range BRAND LOGO
of cells ➢ a symbol, emblem, graphic mark, stylized name,
or drawing, or the combination of all used by a
Types of Cell Reference company to mark its brand’s identity
1. Relative Cell Reference ➢ it reflects the value of your brand
➢ cell references that adjust itself when the cell
is copied useful when you have to create a ONLINE IMAGE FILE FORMATS
➢ formula for a range of cells and the formula ➢ Website images should be compressed since
needs to refer to a relative cell reference these are uploaded and downloaded by anyone
2. Absolute Cell Reference with varied Internet connection speed. Image
➢ cell references don’t change when you copy file formats may be distinguished by extension
the formula to other cells useful when you names like, .jpeg, .gif, .tiff, .png. These are
don’t want the cell reference to change as you created for specific purposes.
copy formulas 1. Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
➢ .jpg or .jpeg
Microsoft PowerPoint ➢ 24-bit color with up to 16 million colors
➢ a powerful slide show presentation program great for photographs that need fine
which uses slides to convey information rich in attention to color detail. Most accepted file
multimedia format.
➢ Cannot be animated. Does not support
Embedded Files and Data transparency.
➢ When you embed an Excel file to Word or 2. Graphics Interchange Format
PowerPoint, any updates you will make to the ➢ .gif
original Excel file will be automatically updated ➢ Can support transparency. Can do small
as long as the files remain in the same location. animation effects. Great for images with
limited colors, or with flat regions of color.
Basic Principles for Graphics and Layout ➢ Only supports 256 color
1. Lines 3. Tagged Image File Format
➢ the most basic of all the elements can form ➢ .tiff
shapes that can catch the attention of a ➢ Supports several types of compression like
viewer JPEG, LZW, ZIP, or no compression at all.
2. Color High-quality image format.
➢ one of the powerful and influential elements ➢ Very large file size— long transfer time,
in an infographic huge disk space consumption, and slow
➢ the right combination of colors can catch the loading time
attention of a passerby 4. Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
3. Shape ➢ .png
➢ defined by the enclosure created by a ➢ Does not lose quality and detail after
combination of multiple lines image compression creates smaller file
➢ are universal symbols that do not require sizes than GIF. Generates a very large file,
language, but they can give a specific creating larger files than JPEG.
meaning regardless of the background and ➢ Cannot be animated. Not supported by all
ethnicity web browsers.
INFOGRAPHICS
➢ a short term for information graphic, which
refers to an image that combines information,
storytelling, and perceptions that help the cause
of an individual or an institution to communicate
a message to viewers

______________________________________________________________ 5
 ONLINE IMAGE PLATFORMS AND headings, subheadings, or bullets. Outlining
APPLICATIONS will also avoid long fuzzy sentences
➢ refers to a program created by developers that 3. Typefaces
can be modified or reprogrammed by outside ➢ Is considered the most dominant and
users a facility for programming or developing noticeable in terms of visuals Deals with text
an application tailored to the user’s specifications format, text style, and text
➢ online Web sites created to aid users in creating ➢
their Web content and cater to different kinds of 4. Colors
information such as texts, images, and videos. ➢ The appropriate combination of the
➢ Another unique feature of online platforms is the foreground color and background color can
ability to program, modify, and access the produce a better viewing experience Colors
application remotely using the Internet can also introduce the perception of a
1. Social Media Platforms modern or classic look on the Web site 5.
➢ Portals like Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, 5. Images
and Twitter allow users to create not only ➢ Images alone placed on the Web site can
personal accounts but also pages and groups deliver a complete message that the Web site
where everybody can share the content to the wishes to communicate to the audience
whole world. Images with proper balance, color, and
2. Blogging Platform contrast accompanied by texts can deliver
➢ Websites like WordPress, Tumblr and Blogger great impact and information to the audience
focus on content and design. 6. Navigation
➢ It typically looks like a newsletter where users ➢ the facility that the audience can use to go
are given options to change the design to what through the Web site and its subpages buttons,
they like. links or search bars three-click rule should be
➢ The customization of the blog is unrivaled followed, wherein the user should find the
depending on the content management prospect information within three mouse clicks
system implemented by the provider. This 7. Layouts
platform is commonly used by Bloggers. ➢ physical arrangement of the content and
elements on a Web site
WEB DESIGN AND PRICIPLES AND ELEMENTS a. Grid- Without direction or organization,
placing the content of the Web site will most
1. Purpose likely appear chaotic.
➢ Website visitors may want to look for b. F-Pattern- Based on studies, human vision
information, be entertained, play games, flows like the letter F. This means that
socialize, or transact business. In creating a humans tend to look heavily at the left side
Webpage, the designer should define first the of a visual material more than the right
purpose of the Webpage. side
➢ In creating a Web page, the designer should c. Mobile - The popularity of using mobile
define first the purpose of the Web page to devices in viewing Web content is
determine the theme of the site. This will help increasing because of the portability and
the developer create a more organized and convenience brought about by mobile
relevant site. devices to their users. A desktop computer’s
2. Communication
display is usually bigger than mobile
➢ Information or text on a Web site should be displays, and because of this, the content
concise and direct to the point. The should be accessible for both devices
arrangement of the text should be organized
in a manner that would entice readers.
➢ The arrangement of the text should be
organized in a manner that would entice
readers. To effectively apply this, use

______________________________________________________________ 6
8. Load Time 3. Microsoft Expression Web
➢ Another basis for the success of a Web site is ➢ a propriety Web site development tool created
the time that the Web site will load or appear by Microsoft. Previously, Microsoft Expression
onto the viewers’ display device. Web is integrated to the now defunct Microsoft
➢ It is best to minimize the elements in a Web Expression Studio.
page and remove the elements that are not ➢ Developing a Web site is easy using the
important in delivering the information Microsoft Expression Web. Simply drag and
drop the layout and function elements to
WEB DESIGN USING TEMPLATES, HTML create of the Web site
EDITORS, AND WYSIWYG 4. Wix
➢ The advantage of using Wix is that knowledge
➢ WYSIWYG in Web site design is an acronym for
of Web site programming is not a
What You See Is What You Get. It is an
prerequisite. It also offers a wide range of
application that is used to create a Web site either
templates. These templates have been
online or offline. This type of application uses
designed for every purpose intended by the
the capability of directly handling the
user.
components of the Web site
➢ Wix offers a drag-and-drop facility. Users
➢ The developer can directly drag and drop
can simply grab elements such as textboxes,
elements to manipulate the layout of the Web site.
photos, and shapes to arrange them in the
The finished product is similar to the designed
layout they want
placement of the components. The traditional
method involves several developer string ONLINE PRESENTATION TOOLS
commands in an editor program. A program will ➢ These applications offer the function of an
then convert the commands into visual elements image and presentation software without the
that will compose the layout of the Web site.
trouble of purchasing and installing the
Applications for both Online and Offline presentation software on your device. These
Development: applications also offer online storage for saving
created files.
1. Adobe Dreamweaver
➢ This is an offline proprietary Web 1. Prezi
development tool offered by Adobe Systems. ➢ a cloud-based application dedicated to help
➢ This tool presents a wide range of tools for you create a presentation. Cloud-based
the drag-and-drop option. The layout will means that an application, service, or
most likely turn out the same as planned by resource is made available to users on
the developer. Furthermore, Adobe demand via the Internet.
Dreamweaver can produce the equivalent ➢ Prezi also offers its offline version that can
program codes of the layout created by the be installed on a desktop computer. The
designer software adapts the storytelling type of
presentation.
2. Amaya 2. Slideshare
➢ an open-source Web site development tool ➢ This application started in Web 2.0.
used to update documents directly on a ➢ The primary function of this Web site is to
running Web site. (An open source software is provide a facility for uploading and sharing
a kind of software that can be freely used, presentation files. The uploaded files can be
changed, and shared by its users). viewed either publicly or privately.
➢ Amaya enables continuous browsing and 3. MindMeister
editing of a Web site. It also enables the ➢ This is an online collaborative tool in which
collaborative development of a Web site different individuals are placed visually by
share ideas on a common scratchpad-like
workspace.

______________________________________________________________ 7
 ➢ The ideas different users to form a concept. 1. Google Maps
Also, texts can be placed in conjunction with ➢ developed by Google
the images placed in the workspace and can ➢ It shows both graphic and satellite maps. The
point to some ideas. maps include street names, building names,
establishment names, and bus and train stations,
CLOUD STORAGE to name a few. Some extension applications
➢ is a service wherein files from users are stored include three-dimensional views of the satellite
online. The files are uploaded by users and are images and traffic conditions.
received by a storage server that hosts the 2. Wikimapia
service ➢ This is a collaborative open content mapping
application. Wikimapia offers satellite view of
Storage Web sites and Services:
streets, buildings, and establishments. This
1. Google Drive Web site uses Google Maps APIs for mapping
➢ a storage application developed by Google.
➢ This application does not only store files but
also accommodates online editing and TEAM STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS
collaboration. ➢ Team is defined as a special instance of a group
➢ Google Drive provides tools such as word in which the commonality is a shared goal.
processing, spreadsheets, presentation slides, ➢ The structure of the teams will determine how
and other common file types for collaboration the members will perform and execute.
and storing. ➢ Team structure refers to the composition of
2. Dropbox teams.
➢ This is a file hosting and storage service ➢ Teams are created to accomplish organizational
developed by Dropbox, Inc. It offers a facility goals. The dynamics of teams determine if these
to synchronize and create folders for file goals will be met in an efficient and effective
organization. The service is offered and manner.
available for enterprise use as well as for ➢ Team dynamics are the unconscious,
personal consumption. psychological forces that influence the direction
➢ It is an online application and offers a local of a team’s behavior and performance. It refers
application that can be installed on desktop to the way team members work to achieve
computers. business success. Team dynamics covers areas
3. Evernote such as the nature of teamwork, the personalities
➢ This is an online note-taking and archiving of the team members, their roles and
application service. The facility offers a Web responsibilities, the working relationships of team
application similar to that of a word processor. members with one another, how team members
➢ The notes created by the user can be will adapt to change and the working
archived or saved in the application’s storage. environment
➢ The files can be organized by creating
folders that can separate files. Evernote also Types of Team Structures
enables synching of saved notes on different 1. Traditional
devices once connected to the Internet ➢ The traditional team structure is common in
many organizations and involves established
MAPPING APPLICATIONS departments or areas that operate as
➢ are Web sites developed from Geographical functional teams regardless of the size of the
Information Systems (GIS) data. Mapping company
applications use GIS to create a graphical and 2. Cross-Functional
illustrative representation to easily visualize ➢ A cross-functional team structure involves
maps. temporary teams, composed of experts from
various functional areas that are established
to work on specific programs or projects

______________________________________________________________ 8
3. Self-Directed 3C COLLABORATION MODEL BY ELLIS,
➢ A self-directed team structure involves a GIBBS, AND REIN (1991)
group of interdependent, highly trained
employees who are responsible for
managing themselves and the work they do.
4. Virtual
➢ A virtual team structure involves work teams,
composed of workers at various domestic or
global locations. Technology has allowed
companies to create virtual teams.

Types of Team Structure:

1. Traditional
➢ The model states that to collaborate, team
➢ common in many organizations and involves
established departments or areas that
members need to communicate, coordinate,
operate as functional teams regardless of the and cooperate. This model is often used to
size of the company. structure the variety of collaboration tools or
2. Cross-Functional applications available
➢ involves temporary teams, composed of
experts from various functional areas that ONLINE COLLABORATIVE TOOLS AND
are established to work on specific programs PROCESSES
or projects. ➢ Online collaborative tool is a tool that allows
3. Self-Directed group of people to communicate and collaborate
➢ involves a group of interdependent, highly over the Internet. It allows individuals or groups
trained employees who are responsible for to work virtually.
managing themselves and the work they do. ➢ Team members can access files that are stored
4. Virtual in one location anytime and anywhere with the
➢ involves work teams, composed of workers at use of any Internetenabled device
various domestic or global locations.
Technology has allowed companies to create Common Online Collaborative Tools
virtual teams. 1. Design tools
➢ online collaborative tools that enable users to
COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENT create, manage and share prototypes,
➢ Collaboration- the process of two or more sitemaps, flowcharts, diagrams, wireframes
individuals or groups working together to and mind maps online.
accomplish their common goal successfully. ➢ Ex. Visme and Cage
➢ Collaborative team environment- essential 2. Online meeting platforms
for the success of an organization. To create ➢ enable virtual meetings. These tools support
a collaborative environment, team members online communication and collaborative
must have the following principles: have a meetings, web conferencing, video
common and shared goal, trust each other, conferencing, and real-time recording
know everyone’s role and responsibilities, ➢ Ex. Zoom and Skype
participate and communicate openly and 3. Discussion groups and online communities
effectively and appreciate diversity ➢ tools like Blogger, Google Groups, WordPress
and Reddit support bulletin boards, list-serves,
blogs, podcasts, video-sharing and include
platforms like Facebook and Twitter to create
online communities

______________________________________________________________ 9
4. File sharing and documentation tools 4. Produce
➢ allow users to create, store, share, edit and ➢ Produce your curated content.
retrieve files in different formats ➢ Annotate and contextualize. Inspire your
➢ Ex. Dropbox, Etherpad, Google Docs, Google audience through your delivery, valuable
Drive, Microsoft Office Online, OneDrive, and thoughts and insights to the cited content. Avoid
Zoho Wiki plagiarism. Copying somebody else’s work
5. Surveying and polling like an article, image or video and placing it
6. Project management tools on your website, blog, or newsletter as your
➢ integrate collaboration, task management, own is illegal.
project management and file sharing. Major ➢ Always remember that all web contents are
features of these tools are project planning, protected by copyright laws. Give credit to
task assignments, time management, where credit is due
budgeting, real-time updates and tracking, 5. Publish
activity streams and notifications, content ➢ Publish and share your curated content to all
sharing and feedback workflows, and of your channels. You can share your content
automated progress reporting and through a website or blog, social media
calculations. channels, newsletters, feeds and widgets
➢ Ex. Trello, Asana, Podio, Basecamp, Wrike, and
Zoho Projects

CONTENT CURATION
➢ According to Cohen (2013), content curation is the
process of choosing the most relevant
information to meet your readers’ needs on a
specific topic like a good editor or museum
curator.
➢ Content curation requires more than just the
selection of information. It is the assembling,
categorizing, commenting and presenting the
best content available.

5 Steps to Content Curation

1. Define
➢ Define your content areas and goals.
➢ In choosing your topic consider these five key
elements of a good topic: relevant, important,
interesting, useful, and entertaining
2. Discover
➢ Identify the most relevant information that is
valuable for your audience. Follow the
influencers and check for newsletters, stories,
insights and blogs about your specific topic.
➢ Discover the best contents using aggregation
sites, search engines, social networks,
database resources, event panels, and
professional portals and journals
3. Organize
➢ Organize the information so that your
audience can easily understand and find
value in your curated content.

_____________________________________________________________ 10
 RICH CONTENT IN THE ONLINE Multimedia and Content Application
ENVIRONMENT ➢ Multimedia represents various types of media
➢ The Internet, a vast communications system content used together. This includes videos,
linking computers around the world, was first sound, music, audio, online games, online tests,
developed several decades ago by the U.S. courseware, podcasts, and vodcasts
government and research institutions. It became 1. Creative Industries- Creative industries use
widely popular after the development of multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging
browsers, a visual interface that interprets Web from fine arts, entertainment, commercial art,
documents and allows for the display of journalism, media, and software services.
graphics 2. Commercial- Much of the electronic old and
➢ Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Safari new media utilized by commercial artists is
enable graphics, sounds, movies, and animation multimedia.
to be delivered to the user 3. Entertainment and Fine Arts- Multimedia is
➢ Mobile and networked interactive multimedia heavily used in the entertainment industry,
applications are employed to promptly capture especially to develop special effects in movies
or create user-centered content that after being and animations.
processed and enriched with the appropriate 4. Education- In education, multimedia is used to
context is relayed back to the community. produce computer-based training courses
➢ The emergence of different tools destined to (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like
serve various purposes are evident in various encyclopedias and almanacs.
fields including engineering, scientific research, 5. Engineering- Software engineers may use
medicine, entertainment, marketing, education, multimedia in computer simulations for anything
business, art, and communication from entertainment to training such as military
or industrial training.
MULTIMEDIA 6. Industry- In the industrial sector, multimedia is
used as a way to help present information to
➢ is the media that uses multiple forms of
information content and processing to inform or shareholders, superiors, and coworkers. It is also
entertain the user. helpful in providing employee training,
advertising, and selling products all over the
➢ it also refers to the use of electronic media to
store and experience multimedia content world via virtually unlimited web-based
technologies.
➢ the integration of multiple forms of media.
7. Mathematical and Scientific Research- In
➢ This includes text, graphics, audio, video, etc. For
mathematical and scientific research,
example, a presentation involving audio and
multimedia is mainly used for modeling and
video clips would be considered a “multimedia
simulation.
presentation.“ Educational software that involves
8. Medicine- In Medicine, doctors can get trained
animations, sound, and text is called multimedia
by looking at a virtual surgery or they can
software. The CDs and DVDs are often
simulate how the human body is affected by
considered to be multiple formats since they can
diseases spread by viruses and bacteria and
store a lot of data and most forms of multimedia
then develop techniques to prevent it.
require a lot of disk space
Categories of Multimedia
1. Linear active content- It progresses without
Stages of Multimedia Project
1. Pre-production
any navigation control for the viewer such as a
a. Idea- The first question you ask is why you
cinema presentation.
want to create a multimedia project. Is
2. Non-linear content
multimedia the best option? Is the idea
➢ It offers users interactivity to control progress
marketable?
as used with computer games or used in self-
b. Project goals- Determine what the product
paced computer-based training. It is also
needs to accomplish. The goals have to be
known as hypermedia content
➢ also known as hypermedia content
_____________________________________________________________ 11
 measurable and behavior-based from the 2. Production
visitor’s standpoint. ➢ It includes scriptwriting, editing, creating original
c. Demographics of target audience- Who is art, digitizing as 5D modeling and animation,
your product speaking to? shooting and recording of digitizing video,
d. Product concept- The core idea is born after authoring, proofreading, and quality control.
several rounds of brainstorming
e. Delivery medium- How will your message or 3. Post-production
information reach the audience? ➢ It includes all stages of production occurring
f. Authoring tools- Determine the authoring after shooting or recording individual program
tools to be used in the project. segments
g. Planning- Determine the following: What
building blocks go into your multimedia INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA
project? How long will each task take? How ➢ the term “multimedia when it refers to computer
much will the product cost? Who is going to do applications, means to “incorporate audio and
the work? video, especially interactively, while when
h. Resource organization- From this, comes the multimedia refers to art or education systems
interface which leads the user to the then it is implied that they are using more than
information. one medium of expression or communication“
i. Flowcharting- It is the visual outline of the ➢ interactive multimedia“ is used to describe a
content. scientific and creative research field within
j. Orientation- The opening screens are the ’multimedia“ that supports expression or
graphic and verbal directions to enable the communication through multiple media with the
user to find his/her way around the content. ability to influence and alter their content and
k. Navigation-. It is the signpost. context
l. Defining screen actions- It directs how the ➢ A fundamental feature of multimedia is the
interface responds to the user. ability of the user to interact with an application.
m.Designing interface controls- At this step, the This fundamental feature is termed interactivity.
interface controls for each portion of the The user determines what content is delivered,
projects are designed. when it is delivered, and how it is delivered
n. Storyboards- It is the blueprint for the
multimedia project. 1. Web 2.0
o. Theme development- The visual theme or ➢ began in the mid-2000s, has ushered in
style is determined by the content and the unprecedented opportunities for individuals to
audience. author and share content, to amplify their
p. Interface layouts- The goal 1s to keep users voice, and to generally share information in a
oriented and draw them into the product. rapid and platform-independent way
q. Creating interface elements- This may ➢ Ex. YouTube (video sharing) and WordPress
include, images, text, graphics, videos, sounds, (blogging)
and animation. 2. Web 3.0
r. Creating access controls- It can be buttons, ➢ a complete reinvention of the Web, something
icons, images, or text. that Web 2.0 was not
s. Integrating media elements- This is where ➢ Users can search for information using
the authoring tool is used to pull together and various search engines which generally
blend all the media elements into a cohesive provide satisfactory results if there is enough
whole. information regarding the search
t. Creating Prototype Interfaces- It is the
foundation for production.

_____________________________________________________________ 12
MULTIMEDIA CONSIDERATIONS 3. Education
➢ Multimedia can take different forms and ➢ It’s now used as an unconventional method
manner of presentations. of teaching and learning.
1. Multimedia Games and Simulations ➢ Ex. Electronic books and interactive books
➢ Information is presented to the audience by ➢ Graphics and images included in electronic
imitating a real-life information source into its books can catch the interest and entice
digital environment equivalent. Then the users readers to continue reading.
can freely explore the environment to search ➢ Computer-based learning is another key
for the information they need. use of multimedia in education. Computer
2. Multimedia Presentation programs make use of multimedia to
➢ The information is navigated in a sequence enhance user experience and help
of slideshows and uses an application player. learners visualize lessons.
Common types are video clips, audio clips, ➢ Students use multimedia in searching
and audio-visual slideshows. information for their research studies and
3. Multimedia Navigation assignments. Multimedia enhances the
➢ This type of multimedia uses different presentation of search platforms that
graphical elements and is linked to different encourage ease in information searching.
pages. 4. Industrial
➢ Also, different Web elements such as buttons ➢ Multimedia in corporate and industrial
and text links are incorporated. The page that fields plays a major role in different
users are directed to contains the information aspects of the industry from management
they seek or can direct them to other pages to sales.
that may contain the information. ➢ There are outsourcing companies that
accept multimedia projects from different
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED MULTIMEDIA companies.
➢ The efficiency in spreading information through ➢ The most popular industry nowadays
embedded multimedia finds its way in different probably is the creative industry, which
fields of application. depends greatly on the creation of
➢ Common fields that use multimedia are multimedia for arts, entertainment, and
presented here. infographics
1. Advertisement
➢ Different forms of advertisement use ICT AS MEDIUM FOR ADVOCACY AND
multimedia formats. One of the newest DEVELOPMENTAL COMMUNICATION
forms of advertisement is the one placed ➢ the basic tool for survival in this century
on public Web sites. Companies pay Web ➢ Increasingly recognized as the strongest change
hosts in exchange for placing ads of their
on how people work, communicate, learn and
products on the Web sites.
live. It proclaimed a major transformation in
2. Entertainment
communication, giving rise to new trends of
➢ considered as one of the most popular
media for social communication
multimedia applications.
➢ ICT is leveraged for economic, societal and
➢ Movies are now edited and incorporated
interpersonal transactions and interactions.
with animations and special effects to
➢ Ex. website change.org- “the world’s platform
enhance the experience of the audience.
for change,“ posted notable petitions and
➢ Video games are one of the first
solutions for change, wherein more than
applications of multimedia. Furthermore,
hundred million people are taking an action for
multimedia enables the interaction
any advocacy and/or petition. It is a petition
between the game and the player.
website operated by for-profit Change.org, Inc.,
➢ Another application involves music contents
an American Certified B corporation. On
that uses multimedia for enhancement. lt
change.org, people everywhere are starting
includes additional features such as videos
campaigns, mobilizing supporters, and working
and texts.
_____________________________________________________________ 13
➢ with decision makers to drive solutions. Users of THE SOCIAL POWER OF SOCIAL MEDIA
change.org are petition starters and supporters, ➢ Social media have introduced innovative
decision-makers, organizations, and media that communication patterns, varied communication
firmly believe in their own advocacy for the content and format, created new forms of
purpose of change in the society expression, fostered freedom, and stimulated a
➢ Advocacy = public support for or wide participation. It has widened the scope of
recommendation of a particular cause or policy knowledge sharing and collaboration and
allowed citizens from diverse walks of life to
ICT as a medium for Advocacy have an opportunity to affect changes, convey
➢ How to start a petition: their views, and challenge social norms, thus
promoting their own advocacy.
➢ Social media tools are a central component of
almost any movement and it is bound to change
over the years.
➢ Ex. Blogs, Portals, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr,
Instagram, Reddit, email, and texts.
➢ With just one share, like, and comment millions
can be informed around the globe. Thus, it
became a weapon to fight for one’s interests,
principles, and beliefs without hesitation.
➢ A good example was the exciting initiative by
ABS-CBN, “Boto Mo Ipatrol Mo“ (Patrol Your Vote)
that was part of the general introduction of new
technology in election coverage. The network
aggressively reached out through
advertisements and roadshows to get people to
sign up for the system, and to post their
observations and comments.

DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP AND THE FILIPINO

PEOPLE
➢ Digital citizenship is the norms of proper and
responsible use of technology, being a good
digital citizen is more than knowing the way
around the web. It’s about connecting and
collaborating in ways they didn’t even know were
possible. The issue behind is the misuse and
abuse of technology.
➢ The basic principles of traditional citizenship:
“Be kind, respectful and responsible, and just
do the right thing“ It is not ONILY a matter of
following online safety rules.
➢ Examples of Personal Responsibilities of
Productive Digital Citizen:
1. Cyberbullying- Be an agent to prevent
cyberbullying.
2. Internet safety- Be knowledgeable on how
to maximize personal safety and security risk
to private information.
3. Netiquette- Avoid shouting online.
_____________________________________________________________ 14
 4. Reporting offenders- A component of Million People March Against Pork Barrel via
responsible digital citizenship demands that Facebook and Twitter
you respond to digital offenders in a manner ➢ This protest rocked the Philippines on National
that can end the offenses. Heroes Day as hundreds of thousands
5. Digital law- Be aware of the copyright expressed indignation against government
procedures, software pirating and other corruption and called for the full abolition of the
internet scams. pork barrel
➢ A good digital citizen: ➢ Gathering in Rizal Park on National Heroes Day
• is confident and capable user of ICT ➢ Facebook and Twitter
• uses technology to participate in educational, ➢ considered as success and clearly
cultural and economic activities. demonstrated the power of social media
campaigns
• uses and developing critical skills in
cyberspace.
People Finder
• 1s literate in the language, symbols and texts ➢ An online initiative that aims to help those looking
of digital technologies. for information about the person affected by the
• is aware of ICT challenges and can manage typhoon Yolanda
them effectively. 1. Google Person Finder- helps people
• uses ICT to relate to others in positive, reconnect with friends and loved ones in the
meaningful ways aftermath of natural and humanitarian
• demonstrates honesty and integrity and disasters. They let the world know they are
ethical behavior in their use of ICT. looking for someone. Individuals and
• respects the concepts of privacy and organizations provide information.
freedom of speech in a digital world. 2. #TracingPH Platform Philippine National
• contributes and actively promotes the values Red Cross C- deployed assessment and
of digital citizenship. rescue teams to the areas affected by
typhoon Yolanda to evaluate the damage and
ICT IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY to support rescue efforts. Welfare Desks and
EDSA People Power Revolution tracing services are established in the
➢ February 25, 1986 affected areas. The form allows families
➢ The “Bloodless Revolution“- it shows the true without news of their loved ones in affected
power of democracy areas to contact the PNRC Social Services
➢ 2 million Filipino civilians, Catholic Church Department
represented by Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin 3. Survivors List - Sunstar.com.ph- has put
along with the priests and nuns. together a list of survivors based on posts to
➢ Radio Broadcasting played an important role by the Facebook account of Rep. Ferdinand
calling for people to support the revolution. Martin Romualdez (Congressman 1st District
➢ All of the latest news were aired and heard by of Leyte).
the people who were not able to join the
movement #Tumindig
➢ Filipino cartoonist Kevin Eric Raymundo, also
EDSA DOS known to many as “Tarantadong Kalbo“
➢ Also known as People Power 2 ➢ a digital drawing that showcases the response
➢ Four-day non-violent uprising that technically of dissenters and activists against the atrocities
began late in the evening of January 16, 2001. during the administration of former President
➢ It ended in the afternoon of January 20 with the Rodrigo Duterte.
oath-taking of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo as the
14th President of the Philippines, ousting Joseph
Estrada.
➢ Made through “Text Brigades“
_____________________________________________________________ 15
 ICT AND SOCIAL CHANGE ➢ generally serve the purpose of providing indepth
➢ Social change (sometimes termed as Social discussion of a topic that the writer has a strong
Development) refers to any significant alteration position on, usually with the intent of obtaining
over time in behavior patterns and cultural funding for that project from donors
values and norms. ➢ helps advocates of a project to secure support or
➢ The concept also applies to change in the nature, funding from a group of people or a company
the social institutions, the social behavior or the
social relations of a society, community of Parts of Writing a concept Paper:
1. Introduction
people, or other social structures; any event or
action that affects a group of individuals that ➢ aims to capture the interest of the stakeholder
have shared values or characteristics; acts of for them to continue reading the rest of your
advocacy for the cause of changing society in a proposal
normative way ➢ mission and
➢ History has witnessed profound impact of social ➢ vision brief introduction to the project
2. Purpose
changes brought about by industrial revolution,
➢ specifies the problem/s your project will
abolition of slavery and feminist movement, to
provide solutions to
name a few
➢ justify why your project is worth the time and
➢ Social change is a topic of interest in the field of
funding
sociology but involves other fields such as
3. Project Description
political science, history, anthropology,
➢ All important information
economics, and other social sciences. ICT,
➢ goals or overall aims
although a completely different field, is now
➢ overview of the
believed to be a major contributing force in
➢ project’s Methodology (also called Action
advocacies on social change. Information
plan/Group Activities)
Technology is said to be fueling trivial ideas 4. Evaluation
brought about by social interactions, ➢ intended outcomes
transforming them into significant concepts, by
➢ how you will measure success
harnessing the power of social networking and 5. Budget
other technology-based platforms. ➢ Specifies all resources needed to execute the
project
ICT PROJECT
➢ aim to utilize IT concepts and applications to help Writing a Concept Paper and Creating ICT
solve a problem Project Key Considerations:
➢ results in the development and installation of a ➢ increase the likelihood of effective project
new software product, but not every project is a design, cost-effective implementation, and
pure development project impact.
➢ Large scale IT projects are in the works to 1. Know why ICT is being used
support something as significant as a country’s ➢ why ICT is used a means to help solve a
economy problem motivates a team more and makes
➢ Small-scale ICT projects just aiming to change a doing a project worthwhile
community for the better and letting faint voices 2. Incorporate specific tools to meet specific
of advocacy be heard needs
➢ Understand that every technology enables
CONCEPT PAPER specific actions and incurs limitations.
➢ summaries of projects or issues that reflect the Technologybased tools must comply to or
interests, experience, and expertise of the writer match the requirements of project objectives
3. Match ICT to infrastructure
or organization
➢ proposal ➢ choose ICT tools that are supported by the
organizational infrastructure to avoid

_____________________________________________________________ 16
 ➢ complexities and incompatibilities in the long DESIGNING AND COPYWRITING FOR ICT
run PROJECTS
4. Match ICT to human resources and learning
resources Designing
➢ enlist the aid of experts to analyze ➢ creating the visual layout and aesthetics of a
requirements in advance. This will lessen the website, focusing on user experience, graphics,
chances of shifting to another platform in the and overall look
middle of project development. ➢ identifies the goals of a website or webpage and
5. Combine different tools for enhanced impact promotes accessibility for all potential users
➢ Use familiar and proven tools whenever
possible, but always think creatively about Copywriting
technology problems and about combinations ➢ the process of writing advertising promotional
of tools that can solve them materials
6. Commit enough time, resources, and budget ➢ Copywriters- the people responsible for the text
to allow ICT to realize its potential on brochures, billboards, websites, emails,
➢ Plan accordingly and allocate much needed advertisements, catalogs
resources to fuel you ICT project to succeed ➢ about getting the reader to take action. That
7. Keep in mind that ICT supports solutions; it
action might be to convince, purchase, opt-in, or
is not the solution
engage with a product, service, or company
➢ always keep in mind that the ICT project is not
➢ “a salesman in print“
the actual solution, but a significant part of the
solution. Other outside factors may contribute
When the designer and copywriter fail to work
to the success or failure of a project. together...
1. design that does not support the copy;
AUDIENCE PROFILING 2. copy that does not support the design;
➢ You need to know your target audience and how 3. mixed messages; or
to reach them. 4. loss of the message altogether.
➢ Audience profiling doesn’t limit your audience, it
simply helps you choose where to spend your 3 C’s in developing an effective
time and money for your project to be realized. partnership between a copywriter and
➢ gives you the opportunity to make more targeted designer:
marketing choices and ensures that you focus 1. Concept
your advocacies on proper groups of persons. ➢ The designer and the copywriter must get on
the same page about what the client’s end
Two Types: goal is.
1. Demographic Profiling ➢ Having a mutual understanding of the main
➢ are statistical data that categorize and group objective of the client will enable their works
the population by identifying different to instantly be cohesive
variables and subgroups 2. Collaboration
➢ gender, age, marital status, parental status, ➢ designers and copywriters must collaborate
health and financial status to do a good job for the client
2. Psychographic Profiling ➢ willingly cooperating to produce an end
➢ are data that collect and categorize the product that meets the client’s goals.
population by using IAO (interests, activities ➢ For this to work, it is ideal that both parties
and opinions) characteristics agree on who to finish their work first, as the
➢ focuses on the characteristics people can other can base his/her work from the
usually control, like values, lifestyle, needs, finished one
wants, concerns, hobbies, spending habits 3. Communication
and attitude ➢ Designers and copywriters have a tendency
to isolate themselves once the work on a
project has begun.
_____________________________________________________________ 17
 ➢ They should do the opposite and communicate PLANNING
as often as possible, to have a clear and ➢ project conceptualization, Brainstorming sessions,
concise ideas about the project Intensive research, Intensive research,
Designation of tasks, project timetable
ICT PROJECT DEVELOPMENT/
MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
➢ application of knowledge, skills, tools, and ➢ actual development of online platforms and
techniques to project activities to meet the project application the ICT project will be utilized
requirements. It has always been practiced ➢ Decisions about pictures to use and sites to link
informally, but began to emerge as a distinct will be incorporated in the actual website design.
profession in the mid-20th century Campaign paraphernalia will be produced like
posters or infographics. Social media
Five Groups of Project management processes: sites/pages supporting the campaign will be put
1. Initiating up as contents are generated
➢ project goal, need, or problem is identified.
➢ a project manager is assigned to the project RELEASE AND PROMOTION
and the project charter is created ➢ Promotion will be the voice of your advocacy
2. Planning ➢ plan ahead on how to make some noise and let
➢ project manager and the project team work your advocacy be heard.
together to plan all of the needed steps to ➢ Promotions may include flyer distribution, use of
reach a successful project conclusion. posters, ads on school or local publications, and
➢ The project planning processes are iterative more.
in nature and it’s expected that planning will ➢ When the actual launching of on-line application
happen often throughout the project happens, be sure to employ social media and
3. Executing ask your friends to share your posts concerning
➢ once the project plan has been created, the the ICT project
project team goes about executing the project
plan to create the deliverables of the project. MAINTENANCE
➢ The project can shift to project planning as ➢ content of your platforms and applications used
needed throughout project execution must be periodically updated
4. Monitoring and Controlling ➢ Pictures -and write-ups about current
➢ the project manager monitors and controls the undertakings must also be posted as it could
work for time, cost, scope, quality, risk, and inspire more followers of your advocacy
other factors of the project.
➢ Monitoring and controlling is also an ongoing MULTIMEDIA
process to ensure that the project addresses
➢ is the media that uses multiple forms of
its targets for each project objective
information content and processing to inform or
5. Closing
entertain the user.
➢ project closure happens to ensure that all of
➢ also refers to the use of electronic media to store
the work has been completed, is approved,
and experience multimedia content
and ultimately transferred ownership from
➢ It is a medium of communication. Some of the
the project team to operations
sectors where multimedias is used extensively
are education, training, reference material,
THE SIMPLIFIED ICT PROJECT PROCESS
business presentations, advertising and
APPROACH
documentaries.
➢ Multi = Plural, more than 1, many
PLANNING DEVELOPMENT
➢ Media = Medium of Communication
➢ combination of content forms text, audio, still
RELEASE AND
images, animation, video, and interactivity
PROMOTION MAINTANANCE
_____________________________________________________________ 18
➢ the presentation of computer application but it often conveys essential and precise
incorporating media elements such as text, information.
graphics, animations, audio and video Multimedia applications depend on text for many
things including:
Classification of Media Types 1. Page Titles
1. Captured Media- information types captured 2. Delivering Information in form of multiple
from the real world (ex. Still pictures, moving sentences/paragraphs
pictures, and sound). 3. Labels for Pictures
2. Synthesized Media- refers to information types 4. Instructions for operating the application
synthesized by the computers (ex. Text, graphics
and computer animation). FONTS VS. TYPEFACES
3. Discrete Media- refers to media involving Fonts
space ➢ Collection of characters of different sizes and
dimension only. (ex. Still images, text and styles of a typeface.
graphics). ➢ Ex. Arial 18 Point Bold
4. Continuous (time based) Media- refers to
time-based media (ex. Sound, moving images, Typeface
and animation) ➢ Graphic representation or the shape of
characters.
Multi-Sensory System ➢ A Typeface is a family of related fonts
➢ According to Dr. Albert Mehrabian, Multimedia ➢ Ex. Bookman Old Style
allows for seeing, hearing and doing (multi-
sensory system)

Characteristics of Multimedia System

1. They must be computer- controlled. User is
Guidelines for Choosing Fonts
able to view, hear, and see using a Multimedia
➢ For small types, do not use decorative fonts
PC System.
because in small sizes they are unreadable.
2. They are integrated- At least one discrete and
➢ Use as few typefaces as possible but you can
one continuous media combined for information
vary the size and style using italic or bold.
presentation and sharing.
3. The information they handle must be ➢ Adjust the leading or line spacing where you
represented digitally- Consists of various form have a lot of text for easier reading.
of media. Ex. Text, graphics, audio, video, and ➢ Vary the size of a font according to the
animations; created, stored, processed and importance of the message you are delivering.
transmitted DIGITALLY. ➢ Use bold or emphasize text to highlight ideas or
4. The interface to the final user may permit concept.
interactivity- User is able to navigate, interact, ➢ In large headlines, adjust the spacing between
create and communicate letters (kerning) so that the spacing feels right.
➢ Surround headlines with white space
TEXT ➢ Distinguish text links with colors and underlining
➢ the simplest of data types and requires the least ➢ Use drop caps and initial caps
amount of storage
➢ Text in the form of words, sentences, and GRAPHICS AND IMAGES
paragraphs is used to communicate thoughts, Images
ideas, and facts in daily life. ➢ a spatial representation of an object or a scene.
➢ Text may not be as visually exciting as some of (Image of a person, place, object
the other media types,
_____________________________________________________________ 19
Graphics ➢ You can change the display resolution under
➢ is a broader and general definition which Display Properties in Control panel.
includes:
1. Pictures or Photographs
2. Drawings or Line Arts
3. Clip Arts
4. Buttons and Banner
5. Charts and Graphics
6. Backgrounds
7. Icons

PICTURES VS. GRAPHICS 3. Colour Resolution/ Colour Deposit

Pictures
➢ Colour depth describe the number of bits used
➢ Pictures are found in the world which is external
to represent the colour of a single pixel.
to the computers.
➢ Each pixel can represent at least 2 possible
Graphics colours or more.
➢ Images are the 2-Dimensional digital ➢ Colour resolution or Colour depth/channel
representations of pictures found in computers. depth is measured in bits.
➢ Computer attempts to duplicate the “look and
feel“ of a picture via storing and processing.
➢ Therefore, a graphic is a “realistic“ version of
the original picture; dependant on the quality and
capabilities of the computer and the graphic
artist’s ability to use the software.

RESOLUTION IMAGE COLOR SCHEMES

3 Types: 1. RGB (Red Green Blue)
1. Image Resolution ➢ RGB is the color scheme that is associated with
➢ associated with an image’s degree of detail or electronic displays, such as CRT, LCD monitors,
quality. digital cameras and scanners.
➢ Image resolution measures the pixel 2. CMYK(Cyan Magenta Yellow Black)
dimension of an overall image or ➢ It is widely used for colour printing. To print a
➢ how many pixel the image has. particular colour on a white page, one must
➢ Image resolution is measured in width and apply inks that subtract (absorb) all colours
height. other than the one desired.
3. HSB or HIS (Hue, Saturation, Brightness/
➢ Ex. 100 * 100-pixel image has a total of Intensity)
10,000 pixels.
➢ Computer monitors display colours by emitting
colour dots (red,green, blue)
4. YUV
➢ This is the basic colour format used by
2. Display Resolution
composite colour TV standards (NTSC, PAL
➢ Resolution can also refer to quality capability
and SECAM).
of graphic output (monitor).
➢ Y represents the luminance/brightness
➢ Display resolution is also measured in pixels in
and can be thought of as containing black and
terms of height and width.
white or gray-scale information.
➢ Display resolution normally uses a setting of
➢ U and V carry the chrominance or colour
640x480(VGA), 800x600 (SVGA), 1024x768,
information. There are a variety of YUV-like
etc.
colour models.

_____________________________________________________________ 20
 ➢ The advantage of using YUV for broadcast is 5. PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
that the amount of data needed to define a ➢ Can use all colour depth - supports more
television picture is greatly reduced. than 16.7 million colours
➢ The disadvantage is that many colours that
appear on a computer display cannot be NAVIGATIONAL STRUCTURES IN
recreated on TV. MULTIMEDIA DESIGN
1. Linear
➢ Sequential navigation (sequence of step by
step procedures)
➢ They usually go Forward or Backward.
➢ Ex. slides and video presentation

2. Hierarchical
➢ Based on the logic of the content
➢ Structured through menus and the user makes
a choice that leads to another menu.

IMAGE PROCESSING
➢ Analyzing and manipulating images with a
computer. Image processing generally involves
three steps: 3. Non-Linear
1. Import an image with an optical scanner or ➢ Navigation is unbound by pre-determined
directly through digital photography. routes.
2. Manipulate or analyze the image in some ➢ Ex. Websites
way. This stage can include image
enhancement and data compression.
3. Output the result. The result might be the
image altered in some way.
4. Composite
COMMON GRAPHIC FILE FORMATS ➢ Mixed structure
➢ Due to the number of choices available in ➢ Users may navigate freely, but are
determining image representation, it is not occasionally constrained to linear
surprising that a number of image formats have presentations of movies or critical
evolved. information and/or to data that are most
➢ Some examples of image file formats used for logically organized in a hierarchy.
storing images are:
1. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
➢ 8-bit per pixel, bitmap image format
commonly used by the world wide web
2. BMP (Bitmap)
➢ Most common format containing pixel by
ANIMATION
pixel value
➢ The rapid display of a sequence of images of
3. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
artwork or model positions or frames in order to
➢ Commonly used standard method of
create an illusion of movement.
compression for photographic images
➢ Starts with independent pictures and puts them
4. TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
together to form the illusion of continuous motion.
➢ mainly used for exchanging documents
between different applications and
different computer platforms.

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How does Animation Work? ➢ The faster the sound source vibrates, the
➢ If you view a series of related still images in higher the frequency, the higher the pitch
quick succession, your brain perceives them as ➢ Ex. singing in a high-pitched voice forces the
continuous motion. vocal chords to vibrate quickly.
• In animation jargon, each image is called a
frame. SOUND IN MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION
• Movement is actually made up of many frames. ➢ It captures attention.
• An object seen by the human eye remains ➢ It increases the associations the end-user make
chemically mapped on the eye’s retina for a with the information in their minds.
brief time after viewing. This phenomenon is ➢ Sound adds an exciting dimension to an
called persistence of vision. otherwise flat presentation.
• Phi- the human mind needs to conceptually ➢ Example usage of sound in multimedia
complete a perceived action. application.
• Usually, movies will run at 25 to 30 fps but 1. Background music
computer animations can run at 12 to 15 fps 2. Sound effects
• Anything less than 12fps will be jerky motion as 3. Voice over or narration
the eye is able to detect the changes from one
frame to the next. COMMON AUDIO FILE FORMATS
1. M4A
• The frame rate measures the speed of the
➢ The M4A is an mpeg-4 audio file.
change=> frames per second
➢ It is an audio-compressed file used in the
modern setting due to increased quality
SOUND AND AUDIO demand as a result of cloud storage and
➢ Audio means the reproduction of sound. bigger hard drive space in contemporary
computers.
Classes of Sound:
2. FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
1. Voice- Defined as talking ➢ It is an audio file compressed into a smaller
2. Music
size of the original file. I
3. Sound Effect- Voice or Music; but often created
➢ t’s a sophisticated file type that is lesser-used
by natural events like thunderclap, wind, and
among audio formats.
door slamming.
3. MP3
➢ The key feature of MP3 files is the
PROPERTIES OF SOUND
compression that saves valuable space while
1. Wavelength
maintaining nearflawless quality of the
➢ Length of wave
original source of sound.
➢ Distance between any point on a wave and 4. WAV (Waveform Audio)
the equivalent point on the next phase. ➢ The waveform data stored presents an image
➢ Distance between repeating units of a wave that demonstrates strength of volume and
pattern. sound in specific parts of the WAV file.
2. Amplitude 5. WMA (Windows Media Audio)
➢ The “height“ of a wave when viewed as a ➢ a Windows-based alternative to the more
graph. common and popular MP3 file type.
➢ The strength or power of a wave signal. 6. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
➢ Higher amplitudes are interpreted as a higher ➢ an audio file that delivers decently high-
volume. quality sound and is enhanced using
3. Frequency advanced coding.
➢ Number of times the wavelength occurs in one ➢ It has never been one of the most popular
second. audio formats, especially when it comes to
➢ Measured in Hertz (Hz), or cycles per second. music files

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 VIDEO Common Video File Formats
➢ Technology of electronically 1. MP4
• Capturing / recording (captured media) ➢ An MP4 format can store audio files, video
• Processing / storing files, still images, and text.
• Transmitting ➢ Additionally, MP4 provides high quality video
➢ a sequence of still images representing scenes while maintaining relatively small file sizes.
2. MOV
in motion.
➢ MOV is a popular video file format designed
Two Types of Video Signal by Apple. It was designed to support the
1. Analog Video QuickTime player.
➢ transferred by analog signal. ➢ MOV files contain videos, audio, subtitles,
➢ It contains the luminance (brightness) and timecodes and other media types.
3. WMV
chrominance (colour) of the image.
➢ Most TV still sent and received video as an ➢ The WMV video format was designed by
Microsoft and is widely used in Windows
analog signal
media players.
2. Digital Video
➢ transferred by digital signal. ➢ WMV format provides small file sizes with
better compression than MP4.
➢ In most multimedia applications, the video
4. FLV
signals need to be in a digital form in order
➢ FLV is a file format used by Adobe Flash
to:
Player. It is one of the most popular and
a. store them in the memory of a computer
versatile video formats supported by all video
and
b. to easily edit and integrate them with other platforms and browsers.
media types. ➢ The FLV format is a good choice for online
video streaming platforms like YouTube.
Characteristics of Digital Video 5. AVI
1. Frame Rate ➢ The AVI video format uses less compression
➢ the number of images displayed within a than other video formats such as MPEG or
specified amount of time to convey a sense MOV. This results in very large file sizes,
of motion. approximately 2-3 GB per minute of video.
➢ Frame rate per second. ➢ It can be a problem for users with limited
2. Frame Size storage space.
➢ The VGA standard - monitors with resolutions 6. MKV
of 640 x 480 pixels. ➢ MKV file format incorporates audio, video
➢ Need high image storage and processing and subtitles in a single file. MKV format was
power so usually frame sizes are less than developed to be future proof, meaning that
640 x 480 pixels. the video files will always stay updated.
➢ Common frame sizes : ➢ MKV containers support almost any video and
a. 640 x 480 for full screen VGA display audio format, making the format highly
b. 320 x 240 quarter of a VGA display adaptive and easy to use
c. 240 x 180 about a sixth of a VGA display
d. 160 x 120 sixteenth of a VGA display
3. Color Depth or Resolution
➢ refers to the number of colors displayed on
the screen at one time.

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COMMON MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARES AND
APPS
File Converters Video Editors Audio Editors Photo Editors
Cloudconvert Adobe Premier Pro Adobe Audition Adobe Photoshop
Movavi Video Cyberlink Ableton Live Gimp
Converter PowerDirector
HandBrake Adobe After Effects Logic Pro X InPixio
WinAvi Apple Movie GarageBand Fotor
byClick Wondershare Filmora Audacity Pixlr
Downloader
Freemake Video InVideo Cloud FL Studio Canva
Converter
Any Video Apple Final Cut Pro Sound Forge Photopea
Converter

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