Unit 1

Here are the subheadings for each of the questions to structure and develop detailed responses:

1. Design Thinking is Human-Centric

o Introduction to Human-Centric Design Thinking

o Importance of Understanding User Needs

o Empathy as the Core of Design Thinking

o Impact on Problem-Solving and Innovation

o Real-world Examples of Human-Centric Design Thinking

2. Difference Between Creativity and Innovation and Benefits of Design Thinking

o Defining Creativity vs. Innovation

o Key Differences between Creativity and Innovation

o The Role of Design Thinking in Enhancing Creativity and Innovation

o Benefits of Design Thinking:

 User-Centric Solutions

 Improved Problem-Solving

 Collaboration and Communication

 Iterative Learning and Adaptation

3. What is Design Thinking? Principles and Applications

o Introduction to Design Thinking

o Key Principles of Design Thinking:

 Empathy

 Define

 Ideate

 Prototype

 Test

o Applications of Design Thinking in Various Sectors:

 Technology
  Healthcare

 Education

 Business and Marketing

4. Stages of the Design Thinking Process

o Overview of Design Thinking Stages

o Detailed Explanation of Each Stage:

 Empathize

 Define

 Ideate

 Prototype

 Test

o Example of a Design Thinking Process in Action

5. Ten Tools Involved in Design Thinking

o Introduction to Design Thinking Tools

o List and Explanation of 10 Key Tools:

 Brainstorming

 Personas

 Empathy Map

 User Journey Map

 Ideation Matrix

 Prototyping Techniques

 Storyboarding

 Role Play

 SCAMPER

 Mind Mapping

6. Problem Statement: Containing Attrition in Companies Using Design Thinking (Analysis

and Synthesis)

o Overview of the Attrition Problem

 o Defining the Two Tasks of Design Thinking: Analysis and Synthesis

o Solving the Attrition Problem:

 Analysis: Identifying Key Causes of Attrition

 Synthesis: Creating Potential Solutions to Contain Attrition

o Implementation Plan to Solve the Attrition Issue

7. Problem Statement: Reducing Knowledge Transfer Costs Using Convergent and Divergent
Thinking

o Overview of the Knowledge Transfer Problem

o Explanation of Convergent and Divergent Thinking

o Applying Convergent and Divergent Thinking to Solve the Problem:

 Divergent Thinking: Generating Ideas for Reducing Costs

 Convergent Thinking: Narrowing Down and Selecting the Best Solution

8. Role of Design Thinking in the Banking Sector

o Importance of Design Thinking in Financial Services

o Improving Customer Experience in Banking

o Designing User-Friendly Banking Products and Services

o Enhancing Process Innovation and Efficiency

o Real-life Examples in the Banking Industry

9. Role of Design Thinking in the Healthcare Sector

o Design Thinking's Impact on Healthcare Services

o Improving Patient-Centered Care and Experiences

o Innovating Healthcare Processes and Products

o Enhancing Collaboration among Healthcare Teams

o Case Studies of Design Thinking in Healthcare

10. How Design Thinking Helped the Financial Sector Gain Consumers' Trust

o Introduction to Trust Issues in the Financial Sector

o How Design Thinking Strengthens Consumer Trust:

 Empathy with Customers' Concerns

  User-Centered Product Development

 Transparent and Ethical Practices

o Examples of Financial Institutions Using Design Thinking to Build Trust

These subheadings will help in creating a structured and comprehensive response for each topic.

Unit 2

Here are subheadings for each of the questions, which can be used to structure and develop the
content:

1. Uses of Empathize Phase in Design Thinking

o Introduction to the Empathize Phase

o Importance of Understanding Users

o Gathering Insights for Solution Development

o Fostering Creativity and Innovation

2. How Empathy Works with the Customer: Group Interviews

o Role of Empathy in Customer Understanding

o Group Interviews as a Tool for Empathy

o Advantages of Group Interviews for Empathy

o Analyzing Customer Behavior and Perspectives

3. Steps Involved in the Empathize Phase: Example

o Overview of Empathy Steps

o Identifying User Needs and Challenges

o Engaging with Users through Various Methods

o Example of the Empathize Process

4. Immersion Activity in the Empathy Phase of Design Thinking

o Definition and Purpose of Immersion Activity

o Immersion Techniques for Better User Understanding

 o Examples of Immersion Activities

o Impact of Immersion on the Design Process

5. Deep User Interview: Explanation with Example

o Concept of Deep User Interviews

o Importance of In-depth Interviews for Empathy

o Structuring and Conducting Deep User Interviews

o Example of a Deep User Interview Process

6. Needs Finding: Explanation in Detail

o Definition and Importance of Needs Finding

o Methods for Conducting Needs Finding

o Identifying Unmet User Needs

o How Needs Finding Drives Product Development

7. Activities of Empathy Map: Explanation with Example

o Introduction to Empathy Mapping

o Key Components of an Empathy Map

o Activities in Creating an Empathy Map

o Example of Empathy Mapping in Action

8. Empathy Map Activities: Example 1

o Empathy Mapping Process for College Students

o Exploring the User's Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions

o Example Mapping for the Problem Statement: College Library

9. Empathy Map Activities: Example 2

o Empathy Mapping Process for Young Working Professionals

o Understanding Challenges in Healthy Eating Habits

o Example Mapping for the Problem Statement: Long Working Hours

10. Phases of Research in Empathy

o Overview of Research Phases in Design Thinking

 o How Research Aligns with the Empathy Phase

o Data Collection Techniques and Analysis

o Utilizing Research to Inform Solution Development

These subheadings can guide the development of comprehensive and structured responses to each
question.

Unit 3

Here are subheadings for each of the questions to structure and develop detailed responses:

1. What is the Define Stage? Why is it Necessary? Importance of the Define Stage

o Introduction to the Define Stage in Design Thinking

o Key Activities in the Define Stage

o Importance of Defining the Problem Clearly

o The Role of the Define Stage in Setting the Foundation for Innovation

o Example: The Impact of a Strong Definition on Solution Development

2. Creating Personas in the Define Phase of Design Thinking

o What is a Persona in Design Thinking?

o Why Personas are Essential in the Define Phase

o Steps to Create Personas:

 Research and Data Collection

 Identifying User Needs and Pain Points

 Developing Persona Profiles

o Example of a Persona for a Specific User Group

3. What is a Problem Statement? Why is a Problem Statement Needed? What Makes a Good
Problem Statement?

o Definition of a Problem Statement

o The Importance of a Clear Problem Statement in Design Thinking

o Characteristics of a Good Problem Statement:

 Clear
  User-Centered

 Actionable

 Focused

o Example of a Good vs. Bad Problem Statement

4. The Four Ws in the Define Phase with Suitable Example

o What are the Four Ws in the Define Phase?

 What is the problem?

 Why is it a problem?

 Who is affected by it?

 When does the problem occur?

o Applying the Four Ws to a Real-World Example

o Benefits of Using the Four Ws for Clarity and Focus

5. Persona Development: When and How to Use It? Steps Involved with Example

o Definition of Persona Development in Design Thinking

o When to Use Persona Development in the Process

o Steps to Develop Personas:

 Research and Data Collection

 Identify User Needs and Pain Points

 Build Persona Profiles

o Example of Persona Development for a Specific User Group

6. Problem Statement: Writing a Meaningful Problem Statement with 5 Whys (Example:

Working Professional Struggling with Healthy Eating)

o What Makes a Good Problem Statement?

o Steps to Write a Meaningful Problem Statement:

 Understand the User's Needs

 Focus on the Core Problem

 Ensure the Statement is Actionable

o Solution for the Given Problem Statement:

  Identifying Core Needs and Solutions

o Applying the 5 Whys to the Example Problem:

 Why is the user struggling with healthy eating?

 Why does the user work long hours?

 Why doesn’t the user have time for grocery shopping?

 Why is meal preparation difficult?

 Why does this make the user feel frustrated?

7. Problem Statement: Writing a Meaningful Problem Statement with 5 Whys (Example:

College Student Avoiding the Library)

o The Role of a Good Problem Statement

o Steps to Write a Clear Problem Statement

o Solution for the Given Problem Statement:

 Identifying the User’s Needs and Solution Approach

o Applying the 5 Whys to the Example Problem:

 Why does the user dislike going to the library?

 Why is the library considered boring?

 Why does the library restrict flipping through pages?

 Why does this impact the user’s study habits?

 Why does this cause personal frustration?

8. Brief Overview of the Four Ws in the Define Phase

o Recap of the Four Ws (What, Why, Who, When)

o Purpose of Using the Four Ws to Define the Problem

o Benefits in the Design Thinking Process

9. Brief Overview of the Five Whys in the Define Phase

o What are the Five Whys?

o How the 5 Whys Method Helps in Root Cause Analysis

o Benefits of the Five Whys in Defining the Problem

10. Significance of Design Thinking in Today’s World

 o Introduction to Design Thinking in Modern Times

o Its Role in Innovation and Problem-Solving

o The Impact of Design Thinking in Various Sectors (Technology, Healthcare, Business)

o How Design Thinking Promotes Creativity and Empathy in Solving Complex Problems

These subheadings will help create a comprehensive structure for discussing each of the topics.

Unit 4

Here are subheadings for each of the questions to structure and develop detailed responses:

1. Steps Involved in the Ideate Phase in Design Thinking

o Overview of the Ideate Phase

o Key Objectives of Ideation

o Steps in the Ideation Process:

 Preparation and Mindset

 Generating Ideas through Brainstorming

 Organizing Ideas into Themes

 Selecting the Most Viable Ideas

 Refining Ideas for Prototyping

o Importance of Divergent and Convergent Thinking in Ideation

2. How Doodling Helps to Express Ideas

o The Role of Doodling in the Creative Process

o How Doodling Stimulates Thinking and Problem-Solving

o Using Doodles to Visualize and Communicate Ideas

o Example: How Doodling Can Improve Clarity and Conceptualization

3. Types of Games Used by Design Thinkers to Generate Ideas

o Introduction to Idea-Generating Games in Design Thinking

o Types of Games:
  Brainstorming Games

 Role-Playing Games

 Reverse Thinking Games

 Mind Mapping and Word Association Games

o Benefits of Using Games in Ideation

o Example of a Game to Foster Creativity and Innovation

4. Importance of Storytelling in Presenting Ideas

o Why Storytelling is Vital in Design Thinking

o How Storytelling Enhances Engagement and Understanding

o Techniques for Effective Storytelling:

 Creating a Narrative

 Framing the Problem and Solution

 Using Visuals to Support the Story

o Example: The Impact of Storytelling in Idea Presentation

5. Methods and Tools Used for the Ideation Phase with Examples

o Overview of Tools for Ideation

o Key Methods:

 Brainstorming

 Mind Mapping

 SCAMPER

 Role Playing

 Reverse Thinking

o Tools:

 Post-It Notes and Whiteboards

 Online Collaboration Tools (e.g., Miro, MURAL)

 Idea Rating Systems

o Example of Using Tools to Generate and Organize Ideas

6. Ideation Using SCAMPER with Suitable Example

o What is SCAMPER?

o Breakdown of SCAMPER:

 Substitute

 Combine

 Adapt

 Modify

 Put to Another Use

 Eliminate

 Rearrange

o Example of Using SCAMPER to Ideate a New Product or Service

7. Ideation Using Analogous Inspiration with Suitable Example

o What is Analogous Inspiration?

o How to Use Analogous Inspiration in Ideation

o Drawing Inspiration from Different Industries or Contexts

o Example: Applying Analogous Inspiration to Solve a Specific Problem

8. Steps Involved in Deconstruct and Reconstruct in Ideation with Suitable Example

o Definition of Deconstruct and Reconstruct

o Steps in the Deconstruct and Reconstruct Process:

 Breaking Down Existing Ideas or Systems

 Identifying Core Components

 Reconstructing to Form New Ideas

o Example: Deconstructing a Product to Improve or Innovate

9. Steps Involved in SCAMPER and Creating SCAMPER Worksheet with Suitable Example

o Detailed Steps in Using SCAMPER:

 Identify the Subject

 Apply Each SCAMPER Technique

  Generate New Ideas for Each Step

o Creating a SCAMPER Worksheet:

 Format for Recording Ideas and Changes

 Example of a Completed SCAMPER Worksheet

10. Steps Involved in Reconstruct and Deconstruct with Suitable Example

o Explanation of the Reconstruct and Deconstruct Process

o Step-by-Step Breakdown of the Process:

 Analyze the Existing Structure

 Break Down the Components

 Rebuild for Innovation or Improvement

o Example: Applying Reconstruct and Deconstruct to a Business Process or Product

11. What is a User Experience Journey? When to Use User Experience Design? Steps Involved
in Mapping User Experience Journey with Suitable Example

o Introduction to User Experience Journey

o The Role of User Experience Design in Design Thinking

o When to Use UX Design in the Process

o Steps Involved in Mapping the UX Journey:

 Identifying User Touchpoints

 Mapping User Emotions and Actions

 Analyzing Pain Points and Opportunities

o Example: Mapping the UX Journey for an Online Shopping Experience

12. Illustrating the Steps Involved in Co-Creation Session in Storytelling

o Introduction to Co-Creation in Storytelling

o Why Co-Creation is Important in Design Thinking

o Steps in a Co-Creation Session:

 Setting the Stage for Collaboration

 Engaging Stakeholders in Storytelling

 Co-creating Narratives and Solutions

 o Example: Using Co-Creation to Develop a Story for a New Product Launch

These subheadings will help structure detailed and clear explanations for each question.

Unit 5

Here are subheadings for each of the questions to structure and develop detailed responses:

1. Prototype Phase in Design Thinking

o Introduction to the Prototype Phase

o Goals of Prototyping in Design Thinking

o The Role of Prototyping in Exploring Ideas

o Types of Prototypes (Low Fidelity vs. High Fidelity)

o Iterative Process: Refining Ideas Based on Feedback

o Example: Prototyping a Mobile App for User Testing

2. Importance of the Testing Phase and Guidelines for Planning a Test

o Role of the Testing Phase in Design Thinking

o Importance of Testing to Validate Solutions

o Steps in Planning a Test:

 Define Objectives

 Identify Key Metrics

 Select Participants

 Develop Test Scenarios

 Plan for Data Collection and Analysis

o Example of a Test Plan for a New Product Feature

3. Mapping Design Thinking to Agile Methodologies

o Overview of Design Thinking and Agile Methodologies

o Commonalities Between Design Thinking and Agile:

 Iteration
  Collaboration

 Continuous Improvement

o Mapping the Phases of Design Thinking to Agile:

 Empathy and Define: Discovery Phase in Agile

 Ideate: Sprint Planning and Backlog Refinement

 Prototype and Test: Agile Sprints

o Benefits of Integrating Design Thinking with Agile

4. Eight Common Ways of Prototyping in Design Thinking

o Overview of Prototyping Techniques

o Eight Common Prototyping Methods:

1. Paper Prototypes

2. Digital Mockups

3. Storyboarding

4. Role-Playing

5. 3D Models

6. Wizard-of-Oz Prototypes

7. Low-Fidelity Mockups

8. Simulation Models

o Benefits and Use Cases for Each Prototyping Method

5. Value Proposition Statement with Example

o What is a Value Proposition Statement?

o Key Components of a Value Proposition:

 Target Audience

 Problem Being Solved

 Unique Solution and Benefits

o Example of a Value Proposition Statement:

 Example: “We provide busy professionals with healthy, ready-to-eat meals

delivered to their door, saving them time and supporting their wellness.”
 6. Design Thinking in Functional Work

o Applying Design Thinking to Functional Work

o How Design Thinking Enhances Functional Work in Various Domains:

 Marketing

 Operations

 HR

o Integrating Design Thinking with Traditional Work Processes

o Example: Using Design Thinking for Employee Experience in HR

7. Testing in Design Thinking: Importance and User Testing Methods

o Definition of Testing in Design Thinking

o Why Testing is Crucial for Validation and Iteration

o Common User Testing Methods:

 Usability Testing

 A/B Testing

 Remote Testing

 Focus Groups

 Surveys and Interviews

o Example of User Testing in Prototyping a New Feature

8. Types of Prototypes with Examples and Steps to Consider When Prototyping

o Types of Prototypes:

 Paper Prototypes

 Digital Prototypes

 Physical Prototypes

 Interactive Prototypes

o Steps to Consider When Prototyping:

1. Define Purpose and Goal of Prototype

2. Select Prototyping Tools and Materials

3. Create and Test Prototype

4. Iterate Based on Feedback

o Example: Prototyping an Interactive Website and Iterating Based on User Feedback

9. IBM Approach to Design Thinking

o Overview of IBM's Design Thinking Framework

o IBM’s Focus on Collaborative Problem-Solving

o Key Principles of IBM Design Thinking:

 Human-Centered Design

 Focus on the User’s Journey

 Multidisciplinary Collaboration

o How IBM Uses Design Thinking in Software and Product Development

10. Rapid Prototyping with Suitable Model

o What is Rapid Prototyping?

o Characteristics of Rapid Prototyping:

 Speed and Iteration

 Low-Cost Materials

 User Feedback and Improvement

o Suitable Models for Rapid Prototyping:

 3D Printing

 Sketches and Wireframes

 Digital Mockups

o Example: Using Rapid Prototyping to Develop a New Wearable Device

11. Jacob Nielsen's Model of Heuristic Evaluation

o Introduction to Heuristic Evaluation

o Overview of Jacob Nielsen’s 10 Usability Heuristics:

1. Visibility of System Status

2. Match Between System and the Real World

3. User Control and Freedom

4. Consistency and Standards

5. Error Prevention

6. Recognition Rather than Recall

7. Flexibility and Efficiency of Use

8. Aesthetic and Minimalist Design

9. Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover from Errors

10. Help and Documentation

o Applying Heuristic Evaluation to Improve Product Usability

These subheadings will help you structure detailed responses and explanations for each topic.