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Inorganic

The document provides an overview of the properties and reactivity of metals and non-metals, detailing their physical and chemical characteristics. Metals, primarily found in Groups I, II, and III, exhibit high melting points, conductivity, and malleability, while non-metals, located in Groups V, VI, VII, and 0, generally have low melting points and are poor conductors. The document also discusses the reactivity series of metals and the impact of metals on living systems and the environment.

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9 views27 pages

Inorganic

The document provides an overview of the properties and reactivity of metals and non-metals, detailing their physical and chemical characteristics. Metals, primarily found in Groups I, II, and III, exhibit high melting points, conductivity, and malleability, while non-metals, located in Groups V, VI, VII, and 0, generally have low melting points and are poor conductors. The document also discusses the reactivity series of metals and the impact of metals on living systems and the environment.

Uploaded by

ameliamohammed688
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inorganic Chemistry

Metals
Metals are elements that are found mainly in Gro ups I, II and III of the periodic table, and
between Groups II and III as the transition metals. The atoms of most metals have 1, 2 or 3
valence electrons.
Physical properties of metals

• Metals have common physical properties as a result of the metallic bonding between metal
atoms in the metallic lattice
• Metals have high melting and boiling points.
• Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury).
• Metals are good conductors of electricity and heat.
• Metals are malleable and ductile.
• Metals are shiny in appearance.
• Metals have high densities.

Chemical properties of metals

Reactions with dilute acids


Reactions of metals with water
Reactions of metal compounds
Decomposition of metal compounds when heated
Compounds of potassium and sodium are stable and do not decompose on heating or, in the
case of the nitrates, decompose only slightly. Compounds of other metals decompose when
heated and the ease of decomposition increases going down the reactivity series.
Reactivity, extraction and uses of metals

The reactivity of metals varies greatly and this has an impact on how the metal s occur in the
Earth's crust, how they are extracted and their uses. When metals are arranged in order
according to how reactive they are, the reactivity series of metals is produced.
The reactivity series of metals arranges the metals in order from the most reactive to the least
reactive. It is based on the following:
• How vigorously the metals react with dilute acids (hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid), oxygen
and water (see Table 18.1)
• How easily metal compounds are decomposed when they are heated (see Table 18.2).
• Whether or not a metal will displace another metal from its compounds
Impact of metals on living systems and the environment
Non- metals

Non-metals are elements that are found mainly in Groups V, VI, VII and 0 of the periodic table. The atoms of
most non-metals have 5, 6, 7 or 8 valence electrons.
Physical properties of non-metals
The physical properties of non-metals vary because of the different ways in which non-metal atoms are
bonded in their elements. However, non-metals have the following general physical properties:
• Most non-metals have low melting and boiling points.
• Non-metals can be solid, liquid or gas at room temperature.
• Non-metals are poor conductors of electricity and heat (except graphite).
• Non-metals in the solid state are weak and brittle.
• Non-metals in the solid state are dull in appearance.
• Non-metals usually have low densities.
Laboratory preparation of gases

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