OBJECTIVE TYPE Carrying 1 m

the t
7. In Bohr's model of hydrogen atom, radius or firsto
L lassiCally, the proposed circular path of an electron in ro. Then, radius of the
the Rutherford's nuclear model of atom would be : orbit of an electron is
(a) circular (b) parabolic is:
(C)spiral (d) straight. (b) o (c) 3ro (d) 9ro
3
2. In hydrogen atom the minimum angular momentum of 9
the electron in an energy state is : ground state
8. The total energy of an electron in the
(a) h / (6) h / 2n (c) 27t/h (d) 2h. , hydrogen atom is:
3. If lz and l, represent angular momenta of an orbiting z34 (a) zero (b) 13.6 eV
electron in II and II Bohr orbits respectively, then ((c)-13.6 eV (d) -13.6 J.
l3 : ly is : state
9. Total energy of an electron in the ground
(a)3: 2 (b) 9: 4 (c) 2:3 (d) 4: 9.
hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. Its total energy, wh
4. Which of the following parameters is same for all hydrogen atom is in the second excited state, is:
hydrogen-like atoms and ions in the same. energy (a) + 13.6 eV (b) + 3.4 eV n3
state? (c) 3.4 eV (d)- 1.51 eV.
(a) Radius of orbit 10, In Bohr's model of hydrogen atom, radiation is emitt
(b)Speed of electron when the electron :
(c) Energy of electron (a) revolves in its orbit
(d) Angular momentum of electron. (b) jumps from its orbit into the nucleus
atom, the
5. According to Bohr's model of the hydrogen by the Cjumps from a higher orbit into a lower orbit
radius of the stationary orbit characterised (d) rises from a lower orbit into a higher orbit.
principal1quantum number n is proportional to : 11. In which of thefollowing transitions will the waveleng
(a) n (b) n (c) n
of emitted radiation be minimum?
hydrogen atom
6. If the radius of second electron-orbit in (a) n = 5 to n = 4 (b) n = 4 to n = 3
orbit will be :
be r, then the radius of the third (C) n = 3 to n = 2 (d) n = 2to n = 1.
(a) 3r (b)2.25 r (c) 9r (d) r/3.
 Atom,Origin of Spectra : Bohr's Theory of Hydrogen Atom 1037
12. Which of the following series is found partly in the 17. When an a particle of mass m' moving with velocity
visible region? u' bombards on a gold nucleus, its distance of closest
(a) Lyman (b) Balmer approach from the nucleus depends on 'm' as :
(c) Paschen (d) Pfund. 1 1 1
13, IfE, and E7 represent potential energy and kinetic energy (a) (b) (c) m (d)
Vm m m
respectively, of an orbital electron, then according to
Bohr's theory: 18. The ratio of kinetic energy to the total energy of an
VK= -2 1| electron in a Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom,is :
(a) Ek = 2 (a) 1 : -2 (b) 2: -1 C)1:-1 (d) 1:1.
(b) Ex=- Ep 19. An electron makes a transition from lower orbit showing
(c) E7 = - 2 E (d) E7 =2 Ep energy E, to higher orbit having energy E, by absorbing
14. Angular momentum of an electron orbiting in the 2nd a photon of radiation of wavelength '' then :
Bohr orbit of a hydrogen atom is : h Ez - E
(a) 2 = (b) 2 =
h 2h (Ej - Ez) h
(a)
2 6) 2 h
(c) 2. = Ej - Ez 2=
3h 4h ho (E - E,)
(c) (d)
2 2T
20. In a hydrogen atom the electron makes a transition from
15. A hydrogen atom in ground state absorbs 12.09 eV (n+1) |level to then level. Ifn >> 1, the frequency of
of energy. The angular momentum of the electron radiation emitted is proportional to :
increases by : 1
2h (a) 1 (b)
(a)
21
(b) 2
n n
1 1
3h (c) (d)
(c) (d) remains same. n'
2
21. A hydrogen atom in ground state absorbs 10.2 eV of
16. The ratio of wavelength of the last line of Lyman series energy. The orbital angular momentum of the electron
and that the last line of Balmer series is :
(a) 4 (c) 0.5
increases by :
(b) 2 d) 0.25.
(b) 2h/2 (c) 3h /2 (d) 4h/2T.
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11, (d) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (d) 20. (c)
21. (a).
VERY SHORT ANSWERTYPE Carrying 1 mark
1, Why was gold' foil used in a-particle scattering 4. What is the significance of the distance of closest
experiment? approach' of a-particles to atomic nuclei?
Answer. The gold nucleus is heavy and so it can produce Answer. It leads to an estimation of nuclear radius.
a large' deflection in the path of a-particle. Secondly, 5. For scattering of a-particles at large angles, only the
goldcan be beaten into extremely 'thin' foils. nucleus of the atom is responsible, not the electron.
Why?
Why was 'extremely thin' foil used? Answer. Electron is very light compared to a-particle.
Answer. This was to ensure that an a-particle was Hence, due to conservation of momentum, it cannot
deflected by a 'single' collision. scatter the a-particle at large angles.
O The Rutherford's a-particle experiment shows that most 6. Is the probability of scattering of a-particles at
Oorthe u-particles pass through almost unscattered while greater than 90° predicted by Thomson's atomic angles
model
SOme of them are scattered through large angles. What less, samne or greater than that predicted by Rutherford's
model?
Information does it give about the structure of atom?
Answer. It is less. The reason is that in
Answer. Most of the inner part of atom is hollow and
model, the positive charge is distributed overThomson's
whole of
the positive charge of the atom /s concentrated in a very the atom: while in Rutherford's model it is
Small space (nucleus). in avery small space. concentrated
1038 NOOTAN ISC Physics-XII
obtaine:
7. Write the order of
magnitude of the radius of nucleus. 22. Name a series of hydrogen spectrum which is
o-15 in infrared region. Write the general formula expressing
Answer. 107 m (or 1 fermi).
8. What is the order of the size of
the atom? the wavelength of the series.
Answer. 10-10 m. 1
Answer. Paschen series, = R where Rit
9. According to Bohr, angular
nomentum of an orbiting
electron is quantised, what is meant by this statement? ...
Rydberg's constant and n = 4, 5, 6,
(ISC 2017) constant.
Answer. Electrons can revolve only in certain discrete 23. Write the unit of Rydberg's
constant is metre -1
Answer. The SIunit of Rydberg's
orbits of definite radii, where, mur =n its atoms are in th.
24. In a sample of hydrogen gas, most of through thi.
2
10. What is Bohr's quantisation condition for the angular energy level n = 1. On passing visible light
Lines of whisk
momentum of an electron in the second orbit? gas, some spectral lines are absorbed.
maximum ant
series (Lyman or Balmer) are absorbed
Answer. mur = 2h/2T = h/t.
11. Calculate angular momentum of an electron in the third why? maximum
Answer. Lines of Lyman series are absorbed
Bohr orbit of hydrogen atom. (ISC 2016) because most of the absorption transitions
would star
nh 3x 6.6x 10-34 from the n = 1 level.
Answer. = 3.15 >x 10-34 s.
in the atomi
27t 2x 3.14 25. Only certain definite lines are found
12. What is Bohr's frequency condition? spectrum of substances, why?
Answer. v= (E, - Ej)/h. Answer. Atom has only certain definite energy-states
13. Use fine structure constant a to obtain electron speed u Hence, only certain definite frequencies of radiation
in the first orbit of hydrogen atom. emitted by atoms are possible.
Answer. U1 = a xc= (1/137) x (3.0 x 10 ms ) 26. The radius of the first electron-orbit in hydrogen atomi
=2.19 x 10 ms r'o. What will be the radius of the second orbit? What oi
14. What conclusion was drawn by Rutherford based on the second orbit of singly-ionised helium atom?
Geiger-Marsden's experiment on scattering of alpha Answer. 4 ro, 2 ro -
particles? (ISC 2012)
Answer. The positive charge of an atom was confined Z = 1for H and 2 for He
T mZez
to a tiny space at the centre called nucleus of the atom.
15. What is the ground-state energy of electron in the 27. The electron energy in the first orbit of hydrogen ato
hydrogen atom? What for n = o (ionised state)? is -Eo. What will it be in singly-ionised helium atom?
Answer. - 13.6 eV zero. Answer. 4 Eo :
potentials
16. What are the first and the second excitation mz²et 1 2 = 2 for He
E =
of hydrogen atom? 8e~h2 n?
Answer. 10.2 V 12.1 V.
17. What is the value of the ionisation potential of hydrogen 28. The wavelengths of some of the spectral lines obtaine'
atom? Ionisation energy? in hydrogen spectrum are given below. Select ou
Answer. 13.6 V 13.6 eV
the wavelengths corresponding to (1) Lyman sene
(iü) Paschen series.
13.6 V
18. The ionisation potential for hydrogen atom is 6563 Å, 1216 ¢, 9546 Å, 4861 Å and 1026 A.
Will it be more or less for helium? Answer. (i) 1216 Ä, 1026 Å, (ii) 9546 ¢.
Answer. More. 29. Energies of the first three energy-levels of hydro3*
24.6 V
19. The ionisation potential of helium atom is atom are -13.6, -3.4 and -1.5 eV respectively.
How much energy is required to ionise helium atom? should be the limits of energy of the electrons str
Answer. 24.6 eV. (and exciting) hydrogen atoms so that only one
obtained in the hydrogen spectrum?
20. Name the series of lines of hydrogen spectrum lying in
the ultraviolet region. (ISC 2019, 13) Answer. More than 10.2 eV but less than 12.1 eV.
Answer. Lyman series. 30. Whae should be the minimum energy of an elect
21. Name the series in the hydrogen spectrum
whose few exciting the hydrogen atom so that three spectra
lines lie in the visible region. are observed in the hydrogen spectrum?
Answer. 12.1 eV.
Answer. Balmer 'series.
 Atom, Origin of Spectra : Bohr's Theory of Hydrogen Atom 1039
SHORT ANSWERTYPE Carrying 2 marks
1What conclusion is drawn from Rutherford's scattering Answer. The energy-levels of theatom of each element
experiment of a-particles? are definite, and are different from the energy levels of
Answer. An atom consists of an extremely small central other elements. Hence, the spectrum of the radiation
core. called nucleus, in which almost the entire mass emitted by atoms of an element has lines of certain
and the whole of the positive charge of the atom is definite frequencies which are different from those of
concentrated. The part of the atom surrounding the all other elements.
nucleus is hollow. 13. The distance of closest approach rÍ depends upon the
2 What is the difference between Rutherford's model and charge of the nucleus but not upon its mass, why?
Bohr's model of an atom? Answer. At rÍ, the kinetic energy of the projectile equals
Answer. In Rutherford's atomic model, electrons can the electrostatic potential energy of the system which
revolve around the nucleus in any orbit, but in Bohr's depends upon the charge (Z e) of the nucleus only. The
model they can revolve in orbits of some definite' role of gravitational potential energy is insignificant.
radii only. According to Rutherford's model, electrons 14. An a-particle passing through a potential difference of
radiate waves of all frequencies and their spectrum is V volt strikes a nucleus. Prove that if the atomic number be
continuous. According to Bohr's model, electrons emit Z, then the distance of the closest approach of the particle
waves of some definite frequencies only and so a line to the nucleus will be 14.4 (Z/) .
spectrum isobtained.
3. State any twO Bohr's postulates and write the energy . 1 . s 2Ze
value of the ground state of the hydrogen atom. Hint: ro = 4 t E0 2e x V
4. State the postulate of Bohr's theory regarding :
(i) Angular momentum of an electron. 15. Why is motion of planets around the sun not governed by
(ii) Emission of a photon. (ISC 2021, 13) Bohr's postulate of quantisation of angular momentum
(m vr = nh/ 2)?
5. Total energy of an electron orbiting around the nucleus
of an atom is always negative. What is the significance Answer. The angular momentum of planetary motion
of this? (ISC 2013) is so large compared to h / 2r that it corresponds to a
Answer. It means that the electron is bound' to the very large value of n. At such large quantum numbers,
nucleus; energy must be supplied to it for its ejection. Its quantum Physics converts into classical Physics.
energy is maximum negative in the lowest orbit which 16. Using
(i) the
Bohr's formula for energy quantisation, find :
excitation energy of n = 3 level of He ion and
means that in the lowest orbit it is most tightly bound.
(ii) the ionisation potential of the ground state of Li"*
6. What is meant by excitation potential and ionisation ion.
potential?
7. Write down the names of the spectral series of hydrogen Answer. E=-2 13.6
eV. This is Bohr's formula.
atom. n?
8. Lyman series of hydrogen is available both in emission () For He ion (Z = 2), the excitation energy of
and absorption, but Balmer series is available only in n = 3level is
emission, not in absorption. Give reason. Eg - E = -(2)(13.6 eV) 1
= 48.4 eV
9. In laboratory the Balmer series canDot be obtained in
the absorption spectrum of the hydrogen atom, but it (ii) The ionisation energy of Lit" (Z = 3) is
can be seen in the absorption spectrum of sun. Explain 13.6 eV
why? 122.4 eV.
10. On an energy level diagram of hydrogen atom; show 12
Hence, the ionisation potential is 122.4 volt.
by a downward or an upward arrows a transition 17. Hydrogen atom has only one electron but its emission
responsible for :
i) Emission lines of Balmer series spectrum has many lines. Explain with reason.
(ii) Emission lines of Lyman series Answer. Every atom has certain definite energy-states.
In the normal state, the electron in the hydrogen atom
(ii) Absorption lines of Lyman series. (ISC 2020, 10)
11. Is it essential that all the lines available in emission stays in the lowest energy level. When the atom gets
spectrum should be available in absorption spectrum appropriate energy from outside, then this electron rises
also? Give reason. to some higher energy level, that is, the atom is excited.
Answer. No, the lines in absorption spectrum are much Within nearly 10 second, the electron leaves the
less. This is because the emission transitions can start higher energy level. Now, it can return either directly to
from any level in the excited atoms; while absorption the lowest energy level or after passing through other
transitions in normal atoms start mostly from n = 1 lower energy levels. Since, there are innumerable atoms
level alone. in alight-source (hydrogen lamp), hence all possible
12. How can the elements be identified by the study of line transitions take place in the source and many lines are
spectrum? seen in the spectrum.
 1040 NOOTAN ISC Physics-XII
18. How are various lines of Lyman series formed? Explain photon (corresponding to transition 4 ’ 1) may
on the basis of Bohr's theory. (ISC 2016) emitted.
19. The electron in an hydrogen atom is in the third excited 20. If hydrogen atoms are excited to the 4th energy-leval
state (n = 4 level). What is the maximum number of how many different wavelengths are possible for th
photons that may be emitted in passing of the electron emitted radiation?
to the ground state? What is minimum number? Answer. 6, corresponding to transitions 4 ’ 3, 4
Answer. Maximum three photons (corresponding to 4’1,3’2, 3 ’1,2’1.
,42
transitions 4 ’3, 3 ’ 2, 2 ’ 1) and minimum one

LONG ANSWERTYPE [AJ Carrying 3 marks

1. Describe briefly Rutherford's experiment on the scattering
of a-particles by a nucleus. What conclusions do follow
9. Obtain an expression for the kinetic energy
from this experiment about the structure of atom? electron in the Bohr model of hydrogen aton
2. On the basis of a-particle scattering experiment, obtain (2 = 1). Start from equating the electrostatic forc:
with the centripetal force required and then use the
an expression for the upper limit of the radius of the quantisation condition for angular momentum.
Scattering nuclei in terms of the atomic number Z and
the energy K of the incident a-particles. 10. Draw energy-level diagram for the hydrogen atom
3. Describe Rutherford's model of an atom, stating its main Show transitions corresponding to (i) Lyman an
features. Discuss two major shortcomings of the model. (ii) Balmer series. In which regions of the spectrum do
4. Explain how Rutherford's model of atom failed to these series lie?
explain the existence of sharp lines in the hydrogen 11. Draw the energy level diagram of a hydrogen atom
spectrum. How was this difficulty removed by Bohr? showing first four energy levels corresponding to
5. On the basis of Bohr's theory,derive the expression for n = 1, 2, 3 and 4. Show transitions responsible for:
the radius of the nth orbit of an electron of hydrogen (i) Absorption spectrum of Lyman series. (ii) Emission
atom. (ISC 2015, 02) spectrum of Balmer series. (/SC 2017, 08|
6. On the basis of Bohr's theory, derive an exprssion for 12. For Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, the energ
the velocity of an orbiting electron in the orbit of of the electron in its ground state is found to
hydrogen atom. (ISC 2023) -13.6 eV () Draw an energy level diagram for the
7. State Bohr's postulates. Using them, derive an hydrogen atom and mark the values of energy (in eV) a
expression for the stationary energy levels of electron n = 1 to n = 0. (ii) Obtain the maximum energy of a
in the hydrogen atom. What does the negative value of photon emitted by the hydrogen atom in eV.
this energy signify? Answer. (ii) 13.6 ev.
8. i) Name aseries of lines of hydrogen spectrum which Note for GQ 13 and Q14
lies in : In the following questions, a student is involved and
(a) Visible region performing certain assigned task related with physics. Th
(b) Ultraviolet region examiner gives the requisite instructions and asks som:
G) Write Bobr's formula to calculate wavelength (0) questions to the student. State whether the responses of the
of visible light, emitted by hydrogen and explain the student, in each case, are correct or incorrect. Give a reaso
meaning of each and every symbol used. (/SC 2011) for your answer.
Hint : (i) (a) Balmer series (b) Lyman series 13. Astudent is studying Neil Bohr'satomic model.
met 1 1 1
(i) EXAMINER :State, how Bohr provided stability t
(i) 1 unstable Rutherford's atom?
STUDENT :Bohr provided stability to Rutherford
atom through his very first postulate of stationay
where, R= the Rydberg's constant and n =3, 4, 5, ... states.

2= the wavelength of the visible light emitted (ii) EXAMINER :Asks student to write minimum a
by the hydrogen atom. of angular momentum of electron in hydroge
m= mass of an electron (9.1 x 101 kg) atom.
h
e= charge on an electron (1.6 x 10 C) STUDENT : Says it is where h is Planck
E0 = permittivity of free space Constant.
(8.85 x 10 cN m (ii) EXAMINER : What is the frequency conditio
h= Planck's constant (6.6 x 10S Js) Bohr's Model?
STUDENT : Electrons radiate energy, only
c= velocity of light (3.0 x 10 msl they jump from a permitted higher energy or
n= quantum values of exciting states higher a lower energy orbit.
than 2 that is, n=3, 4, 5, ....
Ez - Ej = hv
 Atom, Origin of Spectra :Bohr's Theory of Hydrogen Atom 1041
Answer. (i) Response of the student is correct. According (i) EXAMINER: Find energy range of photons
to Niels Bohr model, the electrons revolve around the absorbed for the formation of Lyman series of
nucleus in certain circular orbits, called stationary absorption spectrum.
orbits. While revolving in these orbits electron does not STUDENT: 10.2 eV to 13.6 eV.
radiate or emitenergy. (ii) EXAMINER: Instructs student to find the transition
which produces H,, line of emission spectrum.
(i) Response is incorrect. Angular momentum of STUDENT: Says when electron moves from
electrons in hydrogen atom is given as second excited state to first excited state, H, line is
h emitted.
L=n
2T Answer. () Response of the student is incorreçt. Balmer
For minimum angular momentum, n = 1 series belongs to the visible part of the hydrogen
spectrum.
So, Lmin 2u (iü) Response is correct. Energy difference of ground
state and first excited state = -3.4 - (-13.6)
(iii) Response is correct. While revolving in stable orbit = 10.2 eV
electrons do not radiate energy. Electrons absorb or and energy difference of n=1 and n = oo is 13.6 eV
radiate energy only during the transition from one (iüi) Response is correct.
permitted energy state to other permitted energy nz4
state.
n=3
14. Astudent is studying the spectrum of hydrogen atom. H |Ha
(i) EXAMINER : Identify the part of spectrum which n=2
belongs tovisible part of electromagnetic spectrum.
STUDENT:Says it is Lyman band. n=1

LONGANSWER TYPE (B] Carrying 5 marks

1. State Bohr's postulates in connection with structure 3. Write Bohr's first postulate for angular momentum
Rch of an electron in any orbit and obtain the relation
of atom and derive the relation E, = where
Tm =
n'egh where symbols stands for usual meanings.
E, is energy in the nth level, R is Rydberg constant, TInZe
c is speed of light and n is integer. 4. Write unit of Rydberg constant and derive the relation
2. Describe Rutherford's a-scattering experiment and for wave number (1/), 2
= z2R (2,2 and

obtain an expression for closest approach. write the symbols stands for.

LONG ANSWER TYPE [C] PASSAGE BASED Carrying 5 marks

Read the passage(s) and answer the following () If Lg and L represent angular. momenta of
questions : an orbiting electron in II and II Bohr orbit
Hydrogen is the simplest atom of nature. According
to Neils Bohr, the electron revolves in a stationary respectively, then findthe ratio 2
orbit around the nucleus. While revolving in this orbit Lg
electron does not emit electromagnetic radiation. The (ii) What is the value of total energy of an electron in
angular momentum of the electron is quantized. When the ground state of hydrogen atom?
transition of an electron takes place from higher energy (ii) Which series of hydrogen spectrum lies in visible
levl n, to lower energy level n, the energy is emitted region?
in the form of a photon. Wavelength of this emitted (iv) What is the series limit of Lyman series?
1
Give your answer in terms of Rydberg constant R.
photon is given by =R where R is
(v) On our planet, the ionisation potential energy of
hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV. On the other planet (as
Rydberg's constant. Now suppose on a different planet, mentioned in the given passage).
the hydrogen atom's structure is some what different
from ours and there the angular momentum of electron What willbe the value of ionisation energy?
h nh
is L = 2n Answer. (i) L=
210
1042 NOOTAN ISC Physics-XII
L2 for series limit put n = 0
1
Lg = R
R
13.6
(ii) E, = eV 13.6
(v) On our planet E, = eV

In ground state E = -13.6 eV

Ionisation energy E=+ 13.6 eV
(iii) Balmer series lies in visible region. 13.6 3.4
(iv) For Lyman series On other planet E," eV
(2n)² n2
1 1

n So ionisation energy at this planet =+3.4 eV