MATHEMATICS 7 QUARTER 1 Week 1

Competency:
The learner illustrates well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set, cardinality of sets, union
and intersection of sets, and the difference of two sets. M7NS-la-1

Expectations

This module was designed to help you illustrate well-defined sets, subsets, universal sets, null set,
cardinality of sets, union and intersection of sets and the difference of two sets.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
▪ Distinguish well-defined sets;
▪ Write sets in descriptive form, roster or listing form, and set builder notation;
▪ List the subsets of a set;
▪ Identify the cardinality of a set;
▪ Determine the union and intersection of a set; and
▪ Find the difference of two given sets.

Pre-test

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1.Which of the following sets is well-defined?
A. set of grade seven boys C. set of handsome grade eight boys
B. set of kind grade nine students D. set of tall high school students
2. If U = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, then which of the following is the subset of U?
A. {2, 3, 4} C. {2, 6, 10, 12}
B. {1, 3, 5, 7} D. {1, 2, 3, 4}
3. How many subsets can you form in the given set A = {k, e, y}?
A. 6 C. 8
B. 7 D. 9
4. If X = {yellow, blue, green, red} Y= {pink, yellow, orange}. What is X ∪ Y?
A. {yellow, blue, green red} C. { blue, orange, red}
B. {pink, orange} D. {Yellow, blue, green, red, pink, orange}
5. Given {1, 3, 5, 7} – {1,3}. Find the difference.

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 A. {1,3} C. {1, 3, 5}
B. {5,7} D. {1, 5, 7}

Looking Back at your Lesson

Real Numbers are numbers that can be found on the number line. This includes both rational and
irrational numbers.

Rational Numbers are those numbers that can be expressed as a ratio between two integers.

Irrational Numbers are those numbers that cannot be written as a ratio between two integers.

Natural Numbers are the numbers used in counting things. Thus, they are also called counting
numbers.

*The set of natural numbers is denoted by N is N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}

Whole Numbers are the union of the set of natural numbers and the number zero.

*The set of whole numbers is denoted by W is W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}

Introduction of the Topic

Definition of a Set

Consider the following:

A group of students in the school A bundle of books in the library

A row of chairs in the classroom A kit of school supplies in your bag

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 As you have observed, the examples usually came with groups and these groups may also be
called sets. A set is any group or collection of objects, people or places. The members of a given set
are called elements. A set is well-defined if it can be determined whether a given element belongs to
the set or not.
Example
Which of the following sets are well-defined?
1.) The set of delicious menus in the cafeteria
2.) The set of rules in Kasarinlan High School
Answer:
1.) The set is not well-defined because there are varied set of menus in the cafeteria and each
person has own standard of taste.
2.) The set is well-defined because each school has set of rules.

Notation and Description of Sets

1.) The Roster Notation or Listing Method
This is a method describing a set by listing each element of the set inside the braces. Each
distinct element is listed once and the order of the element does not matter.
Example 1: Write each set described below in roster form.
a. Set B consists of the first five letters of the English alphabet.
b. Set X consists of all the even numbers.
Answer:
a. B = {a, b, c, d, e}
b. X = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …}
2.) The Verbal Description Method
It is a method of describing a set in words.
Example 2: Write each given set in descriptive form.
a. M = {apple, mango, grapes, banana, watermelon}
b. G = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}
Answer:
a. Set M is the set of different fruits.
b. Set G is the set of all the counting numbers.

3.) The Set Builder Notation

It is a method that lists the rules that determine whether an object is an element of the set
rather than the actual elements.
Example 3: Write each given set in set builder notation.
a. J = {m, a, t, h, e, i, c, s}
b. A = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
Answer: The vertical bar after the
a. J = {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a letter in the word “Mathematics”} first x is translated as
“such that”.
b. A = {𝑥 | 𝑥 is an even number less than 10}

J = {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a letter in the word “Mathematics”} read as “the set of all x’s such that x is
a letter in the word Mathematics”
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Subset
Consider the following sets.
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
By inspection, you can see that 3 ∈ A read as “3 is an element of A” and 3 ∈ B read as “3 is an element
of B”; similarly that 9 ∈ A and 9 ∈ B. You will also observe that every element in Set A is also contained
in Set B. When a set is contained in another set B, therefore you can say that A is a subset of B.

Set A is a subset of Set B, written as A ⊆ B, if and only if every element in A is also

an element in B.

Example:
List all the possible subsets of the following sets.
1.) R = {1, 2, 3} *Note:
2.) C = {a, b, c, d} ▪ The empty set is a subset of every set.
▪ Every set is a subset of itself.
Answer:
1.) R = { }, {1}, {2}, {3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1, 2, 3}
2.) C = { }, {a}, {b}, {c}, {d}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {a, d}, {b, c}, {b, d}, {c, d}, {a, b, c},
{a, b, d}, {b, c, d}, {c, d, a}, {a, b, c, d}

Universal Set
A universal set is a set which contains all the elements of other sets. It is usually denoted by
the symbol “U”.
Example 1:
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} C = {11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
You can notice that U is the universal set because the elements of A, B and C are all contained in U.
You can also say that A ⊆ U read as “A is a subset of U”, B ⊆ U read as “B is a subset of U” and C ⊆
U read as “C is a subset of U”.

Cardinality of Sets
The cardinality of a set is the number of elements in the set. It is usually denoted as n(S).
Example:
Determine the cardinality of the given set.
1.) W = {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a month of the year}
2.) H = {3, 6, 9, …, 24}
Answer:
1.) n(W) = 12, there are 12 months in a year
W = {January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October,
November, December}
2.) n(H) = 8, there are 8 multiples of 3, from 3 to 24
n(H) = 8 is read as “the
H = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24} cardinality of Set H is 8.

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Union and Intersection of Sets
Union of two sets A and B, written as A ∪ B, is the set of all elements which belong to A or B
or to both A and B.
Example
1.) Given A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and B = {7, 8, 9, 10}, find A ∪ B.
2.) Given B = {f, r, o, n, t} C= {l, i, n, e, r}, find B ∪ C
3.) Given A = {h, e, l} B= {a, s} C= {o, n, e}. Find A ∪ B ∪ C
Answer:
1.) A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
2.) B ∪ C = {f, r, o, n, t, l, i, e, r}
3.) A ∪ B ∪ C = {a, e, h, l, n, o, s}

Notice that to name the elements of the union, the elements are written only once.

Intersection of two sets A and B, written 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, is the set which consists of all elements
common to both A and B.
Example
1.) If A = {1, 3, 5, 6, 8} and B = {2, 3, 5}, find the intersection of set A and B.
2.) If M= {a, e, i, o, u} N= {b, c, d, f, g}
3.) If X = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15}, Y= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} and Z= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Find X ∩ 𝑌 ∩ 𝑍.
Answer:
1.) A ∩ 𝐵 = {3, 5}
Therefore, 3 and 5 are the common elements in both sets.
2.) M ∩ 𝑁 = { } or ∅
Because there is no common element in both A and B.
3.) X ∩ 𝑌 ∩ 𝑍 = {3}
Set of elements which are common to both set X, set Y and set Z is {3}

Difference of Two Sets

The difference of set B and set A, written A – B, is the set of all elements in A that are not in B.
Example
1.) Let P = {a, b, c, d, e} and Q = {a, c, d, f, g} find P - Q
2.) Given R = {4, 5, 6, 7} and T = {1, 3, 5, 7} find T- R
3.) If X = {natural numbers between 10 and 15} Y = {Even numbers between 12 and 20}.
Find X – Y and Y - X.
Answer
1.) In these two sets, the elements a, c, d, are found both in P and Q.
Thus, P - Q = {b, e}, the set containing the elements in P but not in Q.
2.) The elements 5 and 7 are found both R and T
Thus, T – R = {1, 3}, the set containing the elements in T but not in R.
3.) The elements of X = {11, 12, 13, 14} and Y = {14, 16, 18}.
In these two sets, only 14 is found both X and Y.
Thus, X – Y = {11, 12, 13} the set containing the elements in X but not in Y

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 Activity:
Do the following:
1. Which of the following sets are well-defined? Explain your answer.
a.) the set of school principals
b.) the set of whole numbers less than 20
c.) the set of even numbers greater than 10
2. Write the set described below in roster form.
C = the set of multiples of five less than 5
3. Write the given set in descriptive form.
U = {4, 8, 12, 16, …, 36}
4. Write the given set in set builder notation.
A = {acute, right, obtuse, reflex}
5. List all the possible subsets of C = {4, 8, 12}.
6. Determine the cardinality of the given set A = {t, r, i, a, n, g, l, e, s}.
7. Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} B = {0, 1, 5, 6, 9} C = {0, 2, 6, 7, 8}, find A ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 .
8. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} B= {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} C= {0, 2, 4, 6, 10} Find (A U B ) – C.
9. Given A= {positive whole numbers less than 20}. B = {odd numbers}. Find A – B.

10. Given A= {1, 8, 9 }, B = {2, 3, 4) and C = {5, 6, 7}. What is the universal set?

Remember
▪ A set is any group or collection of objects, people or places.
▪ Elements are the members of a given set.
▪ A set is well-defined if it can be determined whether a given element belongs to the set or not.
▪ An empty set or null set is a set with no elements.
▪ Set A is a subset of Set B, written as A ⊆ B, if and only if every element in A is also an element in B.
▪ A universal set is a set which contains all the elements of other sets. It is usually denoted by the
symbol “U”.
▪ The cardinality of a set is the number of elements in the set. It is usually denoted as n(S).
▪ Union of two sets A and B, written A ∪ B, is the set which consists of all elements of A and all
elements of B, in such a way that the elements are written only once.
▪ Intersection of two sets A and B, written 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵, is the set which consists of all elements common to
both A and B.
▪ The difference of given set B and set A, written A – B, is the set of all elements in A that are not in B.

Check your Understanding

Do the following:
1.) Given A= {1, 4, 5}, B = {2, 3, 4) and C = {5, 6, 7}. What is the universal set?
2.) For the set {3, 4, 5}, list all the subsets.
3.) What is the cardinality of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}?

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4.) Write the set of distinct letters in the word “expression” in roster method.
5.) Use rule method to specify the given set D = {January, June, July}.
6.) Let A = {c, a, m}, B = {f, b,}, and C = { d ). Find 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶.
7.) Find 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶 if A = { 4,5,6 }, B = { 5,6,7}, and C = { 7 ).
8.) Given M = the set of counting numbers and N = the set of even numbers, find M – N.
9.) Given: A = {2. 4. 6} B = {3} C= {3, 5} find (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝐶.
10.) Given A = {3, 6, 9, 12, 15} D= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} S= { 10, 15} find (A ∪ 𝑆) − 𝐷

Post Test
Directions: Read and understand the question below. Encircle the letter of thecorrect answer.
1.) Which of the following is a possible universal set for {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, …}?
A. the set of prime numbers C. the set of odd numbers
B. the set of composite numbers D. the set of even number
2.) If U = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30}, then which of the following is the subset of U?
A. {5, 15, 25} C. {20, 6, 10, 12}
B. {10, 35, 5, 75} D. {10, 20, 30, 40}
3.) How many subsets can you form in the given set Y = {c, a, r}?
A. 2 C. 6
B. 4 D. 8
4.) If X = {Facebook, Instagram, twitter} Y= {YouTube, Tiktok, Facebook}. What is X ∩ Y?
A. {{Facebook, Instagram, twitter } C. {YouTube, Tiktok, Facebook}
B. {Facebook} D. {Twitter, YouTube}
5.) Given A= {positive whole numbers less than 10}. B = {odd numbers}.
Find A – B.
A. { 2,4,6,8} C. { 1,3,5,7}
B. { 1,2,3,4,5} D. { }

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Quarter 1 Week 1
ANSWER SHEET

Name: Math Teacher:

Section: Score:

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