CSAT iConic Sectional Test 10 Explanation

Q. No. Answer Explanation

1 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

The central focus of the passage is on access to credible water information which could
lead towards informed decisions to mitigate water crisis and other challenges related to
worsening condition of water available

Option A is incorrect because it does not appropriately explain the central message of
the passage.

Option B is incorrect because this also does not explain correctly the central argument
of the passage. Moreover, there is no direct mention of legal and policy frameworks
regarding water harvesting in the passage.

Option D is incorrect because there is nowhere a direct mention of access to water

storage. Rather, it talks about the lack of ‘information.’ Therefore, Option C is the
correct answer.

2 d Ans. (d)

Explanation:

The passage revolves around the concept of privacy as a fundamental right. It talks
about the right to privacy of individuals vis-a-vis the state and non-state actors.

Statement 1 is incorrect because the last portion “under any circumstance” is a

definite expression, and not a part of the passage, even though the initial part of the
statement is correct, making the whole statement wrong.

Statement 2 is incorrect because privacy as a fundamental right, as per the passage, is

exercised by individuals only. Therefore “all actors” makes the statement incorrect.
Therefore, D is the correct answer.

3 b Ans. (b)

Explanation:

The central argument of the passage is about how rapid urbanization is changing the
food pattern of people, and therefore, affecting the agriculture and food production
pattern as well. The latter part of the passage suggests ways to address them.

Option A is incorrect because the correlation between fading away of rural-urban

divide and greater degree of connectivity is not explicitly mentioned.

Option C is incorrect because change in policymaking has to take into account

hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition rather than rural and urban needs.

Option D is incorrect by cancellation as A and C are incorrect. Therefore, B is the

correct answer.

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 4 c Ans. (c)
Explanation:
The passage mainly talks about the ill-effects and negative utility of media and social
media platforms in the digital age, and how it is being used by various actors to fulfil
their vested socio-political interests. Based on that, assumptions have been made.
Statement 1 is correct as it is evident from both the main passage and its explanation.
Statement 2 is correct because the passage mentions that there is no oversight to fact
check the content on social media, which may lead to biased or screwed narratives
Therefore, C is the correct answer, as both statements are correct.

5 d Ans. (d)

Explanation:

The passage revolves around the age of debate between capitalism and socialism (in
this case cooperative national arrangements), in which the author says that states with
developed welfare systems and trade unions have higher level of equity and successful
economic performance in the longer run, as compared to the concept of capital
accumulation.

Option D is correct as it appropriately explains the crux of the passage.

Option A is incorrect as the passage talks about the negatives of capitalism.

Option B is incorrect. Even though seemingly correct, ‘better wage bargains for
workers by trade unions’ is not explicitly mentioned. Concurrently, it is also not the
best explanation of the central argument of the passage.

Option C is incorrect as there is no mention of recession or flexibility of wages in the

passage.

6 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

The passage talks about adolescent health and issues related around it. Based upon that,
statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct as they are explicitly mentioned in the passage.

Statement 3 is incorrect as they are not mentioned in the passage, i.e., neither peer
support nor mental health counselling is explicitly a part of the passage.

Therefore, by method of cancellation, C is the correct answer.

7 b Ans. (b)

Explanation:

The passage talks about the ‘caste system’ as a whole, and its wider ramifications
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 which is beyond a local problem. Caste may be a complex issue but efforts have been
made to explain it, even though a lot remains to be done. It can definitely be
understood.

Statement 2 is correct and is explicitly mentioned in the last line of the passage.

Statement 3 is correct, and is an assumption that is made from the passage Statement
one is incorrect

Statement 1 is incorrect as the passage says that efforts have been made to explain the
caste system, even though a lot remains to be done.

Therefore, by cancellation method, B is the correct answer.

8 b Ans. (b)
Explanation:
The central argument of the passage is about achieving good governance through
decentralization of governance structures and bottom-up feedback approach. Even
though it takes the case of RBI and banking system, yet the passage is about
governance structures.
Option A is incorrect because last mile banking system is not a part of the crux.
Option C is incorrect because even though monetary policy is mentioned in the
passage, it does not justify the central argument.
Option D is incorrect because efficiency of private banks is not the central argument.
Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

9 b Ans. (b)

Explanation:

The passage primarily talks about the ecological impact of Heidel projects such as
dams and reservoirs While it may bring development it also poses gravity logical risks
which have effect on the local population.

Option A is incorrect because it does not encapsulate the overall issues mentioned in
the message.

Option C is incorrect because local do not population do not benefit Rather get
hampered by development

Option D is incorrect as hydel projects do not benefit all sections equally as is evident
from the passage. Therefore, B is the correct answer.

10 d Ans. (d)

Explanation:

The passage revolves around the idea of Hobbes’ ‘State of nature’ as written in the
Leviathan. While the traditional definition of the ‘state of nature’ describes it
negatively as something that is ‘lawless and brute’; Hobbes believes in the opposite. He
feels that humans are not inherently violent, but they do have a natural right to preserve
themselves, and act accordingly.
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 Statement 1 is incorrect as Hobbes believes in the state of nature which is outside the
purview of civil society and government

Statement 2 is incorrect as Hobbes does not believe that humans are inherently
violent. Instead, he says that they have the natural right of self-preservation

Therefore, D is the correct answer as both statements are incorrect.

11 a Ans. (a)

Explanation:

The passage primarily is based on the economic costs of lack of investment in mental
health across countries, in which all stakeholders indirectly lose financial gains in
terms of wage loss, costs incurred on health mitigation, as well as loss of productivity.

Options B, C and D are incorrect because none of them explain the central argument
of the passage and do not reflect the appropriate inference.

Therefore, A is the correct answer.

12 a Ans. (a)

Explanation:

The passage centrally revolves around fortification of food in order to prevent reduce
and control micronutrient deficiencies The passage talk Not only actual fortification of
food, but also the need to address outstanding issues in policies and implementation
programmes in order to reduce diet related noncommunicable diseases

The question is asked to identify incorrect statements. 1st statement is incorrect as

fortification relates to ‘micronutrient’ deficiencies only and not all nutrients.

2nd statement is correct as passage mentions alignment of policies with regard to

“diet-related noncommunicable diseases.”

Therefore, A is the correct answer.

13 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

The central argument of the passage revolves around the idea of ‘demographic
dividend’ and its crucial role in accelerating economic growth. However, these can be
achieved only through effective policies, and investment in human capital by increased
labour mobility, female participation, etc.
Statements 1 and 2 are correct and are explicitly mentioned in the passage.

Statement 3 is incorrect because ‘technological capital’ is not a part of the passage.

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 Statement 4 is incorrect because it is also not a part of the passage.

Therefore, by elimination method, (c) is the correct answer.

14 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

The central argument of the passage revolves around linking agriculture and family
farming with broader rural and urban economy to ensure increased incomes, provide
better social protection and give equitable access to wider markets in the low- and
middle-income countries.

The question demands for finding out the incorrect statements. Based upon that,
statement 3 is incorrect as the passage mentions ‘equitable’ and not ‘free’ market.
Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct and explicitly mentioned in the passage.

15 b Ans. (b)

Explanation:

This is an excerpt from Ambedkar’s writing where he cautions citizens regarding the
dangers of press being manipulated by politicians to influence popular public opinion,
and urges citizens to hold politicians accountable based on their actions and not
personality. Based upon that, option B is the correct answer.

Option A is incorrect as it is nowhere talked about in the passage

Option C is incorrect as ‘press freedom’ and ‘neutrality’ are only assumptions that
may be inferred from the passage, and do not explain the critical idea of the passage.

Option D is incorrect.

16 a Ans. (a)
Explanation:
The passage primarily talks about the changed pattern change dietary pattern
worldwide due to population growth and rise in levels of income. There is a shift
towards meat and dairy products over cereals especially in high income countries,
which has led to increased incidences of non-communicable diseases.
Statement 1 is correct as is evident from the passage.
Statement 2 is correct and is expressed explicitly in the passage.
Statement 3 is incorrect as the shift of diets is from sustainable to unsustainable
patterns. Therefore, by elimination method, Option A is the correct answer.

17 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

The central argument of the passage revolves around ethical concerns in healthcare and
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 medical field in general-addressing the issues pertaining to clinical trials and ethical
concerns around human participation in those trials. The passage also gives the
instance of the Nuremberg Code.

Option A and B are incorrect because even though they are correct on their own, they
do not reflect the most logical and rational implication of the passage.

Option C most appropriately describes the logical implication of the passage, and is
the correct answer.

18 b Ans. (b)

Explanation:

The passage is based around the description of the concept of agroecology, and how it
is a holistic approach. The passage emphasises on optimization of interactions between
various components while addressing the need for socially equitable food systems.
Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

Option A is incorrect because amalgamation rather than separation is the central

argument of the passage.

Option C is incorrect because agroecology comprises of more than just production

and consumption patterns.

Option D is incorrect because agriculture is not solely based on ecological principles,

but is interdisciplinary.

19 b Ans. (b)

Explanation:

The central argument of the passage is based around the complexities related to the
ownership of data and the legalities surrounding it. The passage says that mining
personal data is exploitative in nature because of those who get financial gains, as well
as those who want to gain momentary gains by giving access to their own data.

Statement 1 is incorrect as data processing (and not data ownership) is a shared

process.

Statement 2 is correct as is evident from the latter part of the passage.

Therefore, (b) is the correct answer.

20 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

The central argument of the passage revolves around the role of women in agriculture
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 And the significance and how climate change is having economic implication for
women in agriculture Based on the above option C is the correct answer as it most
appropriately describes the crux of the passage

Option A is incorrect as women play a major and not a minor role in agriculture, as
per the passage.

Option B is incorrect because women are involved from crop cultivation to

marketing, covering the entire gamut.

Option D is incorrect because it is irrelevant to the crux of the passage.

21 d Ans. (d)

Explanation:

All the above factors mentioned play a crucial role to enhance women’s participation in
agriculture, and an explicitly mentioned in the passage.

Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

22 d Ans. (d)
Explanation:
The central idea of the passage revolves around how ancient wisdom and modern
medicine could be amalgamated, and the world could benefit through optimization of
traditional medicines in betterment of global health.
Based on that, option D is the correct answer as it most appropriately and logically
infers the central argument of the passage.
Options A & C are incorrect because ‘sole approach’ as well as ‘replacement of
modern medicine’ is not correct as the passage clearly mentions traditional medicine is
only a catalysis.
Option B is incorrect as it does not explain the crux of the passage appropriately.

23 a Ans. (a)
Explanation:
Option A is the correct answer as global partnership, innovation, biodiversity and
sustainable development are explicitly mentioned in the passage, and is therefore a
part; whereas ‘data mining’ is incorrect as it is a completely different activity. Only
‘data’ is mentioned in the passage. Therefore, by cancellation all options containing
the 5th point are incorrect.

24 a Ans. (a)
Explanation:
The central argument of the passage deals with education as a driver of economic
growth, and by that virtue, the necessity of increased access to education by addressing
gaps such as in policy, skills, investment in training etc.
Based upon this, statement 1 most appropriately describes the logical argument of the
passage, and is therefore, the correct answer.
Statement 2 is incorrect as there are several other factors mentioned in the passage
that drive economic growth.
Statements 3 and 4 are incorrect as they are partially addressed in the passage, and
do not reflect the best logical argument as in the passage.
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 25 b Ans. (b)
Explanation:
Both statements are correct, and statement 2 is the correct explanation of statement 1.
As per the passage, an education policy which is focused on skill gap, vocational
training and technical training, would lead to better educational system, which would in
turn help in economic growth and reduction of poverty.
Therefore, B is the correct answer.

26 c Ans. (c)

Explanation:

While the passage explains about Worldcoin, the central argument of the passage is
essentially based upon the privacy of data sensitive data, and how centralization of
sensitive demographic data of such large populations may lead to exploiting data for
nefarious purposes.

Based upon that, points A, B and D are clearly mentioned in the passage. However,
Point C is the odd one out as ‘accurately identifying the data’ is not mentioned
explicitly, and also not a major concern. Therefore, C is the correct answer.

27 a Ans. (a)

Explanation:

Statements 1 and 2 are both correct.

However, statement 2 is not the correct explanation of statement 1. ‘Centralised

storage of data for the use of nefarious purposes’ does not correctly explain why or
how ‘Worldcoin’ would be distributed to every individual.

Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.

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