EXPERIMENT NO 3

TO STUDY THE GEAR BOX, CLUTCH AND

1. 0bjective
6. Result and discussion
2. Apparatus
7. Conclusion
3.Theory
DIFFERENTI
4.Procedure
AL, GEAR
S. Observation
8.Precautions 9. Viva Questions
1. OBJECTIVE:
To study and analyze the gear box, clutch and
differential gear
2. APPARATUS:
Gear boX setup. clutches and differential gear setup

3. THEORY:
(a) Gear boN: A gearbox is an assembly of gears
shaft to be changed to a different allowing the rotational speed of an input
speed. Often, more than one gear ratio is
mechanism for selecting among the ratios is provided and a
provided. The most common form of gearbox
encountered in everyday life is that of acar with manual
A modern car gearbox is of the transmission.
constant mesh or synchromesh type. in which all
mesh. but only one of which is locked to the gears are in
shaft on which it is mounted at any one
other being allowed to rotate freely. This time, the
lype of gearbox avoids the problem of
wear and damage caused by
bringing
moving gear into mesh: however. it has
higher frictional losses then simpler
type.
Heavy trucks and machinery usually are
fitted with a simpler type of
gear box,
known colloquially as a "crash
Here. the selected gear is broughtgearbox".
into mesh, and any other are not directly
involved.
Driving a vehicle with such a gear box Figure l: Gear Box
requires considerable skill, including mastering the
(b) Differential gear system: A technique known as double declutching.
Gear differential is a
subtracting mechanically. To be more precise, we should mechanism that is capable of adding and
say that it adds the total
two shafis. It also subtracts the
total revolution of one shaft from the revolution of
shafis-and the delivers the answer by third shafi. The gear total revolution of another
differential wvill continuously and

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accurately add or subtract any no, of revolutions. It will produce a continuous series of answers
as the input change.
There are two kinds of differential gear system: variable and fixed. The variable
differential allows the output ratio of system to be adjusted by applying the rotation. This is the
standard
differential found
in most vehicles.
Fixed differential
use design
where a two parts
of a device rotate
at almost the same Figure 2: Differential Gears with case study
speed. the (small)
vehicles takes a turn.
difference causing an unusual large ratio for the overall system. When a
automobiles, the front wheel can rotate
the outer wheel travel faster then the inner wheel. In
conditions. However rear wheels are
freely on their axes and thus. can adapt themselves to the
of Automobiles device are
driven by the engine through gearing .therefore some sought This is
driven at slightly different speed.
necessary so hat the two rear wheels are
accomplished by fitting a differential gear on the real axle.
The differential mechanism -DRIVE SHAFT
RING GEAR
basically allows each wheel to -DRIVE PINION
spin freely of the other. while HOUSING
providing power to both. Ir TO RIGHT WHEEL
TO LEFT WHEEL
one wheel is spinning too
slowly the mechanism will AXLE SHAFT AXLE SHAFT

keep driving the other one DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR

without any skidding. In this DIFFERENTIAL PINION
situation, the slow one is the
Figure 3: Nomenclature of Differential Gears
inner wheel and the One

spinning more quickly is the

the differential no torgue is lost and the
wheel on the exterior of the turning radius. Thanks to
turn.
tires aren't shredded every time you make a
the engine to the drive train. Smoothly
(c) Clutehes: Function of transmitting the lorque from quietly and to
deliver the power from the engine to enable smooth vehicle movement. Perform
reduce drive-related vibration.

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 rigure S: Nomenclature of Friction Clutch
4. PROCEDURE:
In all cases students have to take care about its functions of gear box. differential gear and
clutches. Analysis of its motions is the most important task which has to be done carefully. The
motion of the driver gear has be transfer to the adjoining gears and has to be calculated up to
the last driven gears. In case of clutches every part should be clearly mentioned in the figures
and also it has to be analyzed its working in brief?

5. OBSERVATIONS:
(a) Gear Box in case of forward gears/Reverse
Case study/ Driver Gear (T) Last Driven Driver Gear Last Driven
Gear (T2) (N) (N)

(b) ferential Gears

Case study/ Driver Gear Last Driven Driver Gear Last Driven
Gear (T)) (T) (N) (N)
Left Tern
RightTern
Straight Motion

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() MultiPute Cuteh
Case study / Driver Gcar (T) Last Driven Minimum Porce
Driver Gear N (T) required lo Disengaye

6. RESULT AND DISCUSION:

The gear box clutches and the differential gear were studied and analyzed carefully. The
motion and required forces have been analyzed at each of the cases. As per the observation
table mentioned above speed and number of teeth on the each gears has been indicated.

7. CONCLUSION:
Train value in each cases are being given as

Gear Box Differential Gear Multi Plate

Clutch
Case study/ Train Value Case study Train Value Gear Ratio (G)
Gear (Gear) (Gear)
Left Tern
2
3 Right Tern
4

8. PRECAUTIONS:
() Do not handle the machine without proper precaution.
(ii) Do not wear loose clothes while handling the machines.
(iii)Do not touch the electrical cable and electrical motor while
running.
(iv) Stay away from running machines.
(v) Do not run the machine in dry condition.

9. VIVA-QUESTIONS:
(i) What are the gear ratios in the gear box?
(ii) What do you understand by engagements and
(iii) What is the train value?
disengagements?
(iv) Define pitch.
(v) What is the axel? Explain the function of differential motion
transmitted in left turm.
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