A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

“AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHT ”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of degree

Of
DIPLOMA ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
Mr. Sagar Vishal Bhagwan.
Mr. Mandave Rushikesh Mahadev.
Mr. Deshmukh Harshad Harishchandra.
Mr. Babar Pranjal Yuvaraj

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof. Kadam P.D.

S.V.E.R.I.’s
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (POLY.).PANDHARPUR.
2020-21
 CERTIFICATE
The project report entitled “AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHT”
submitted by:-

1. Mr. Sagar Vishal Bhagwan.

2. Mr. Mandave Rushikesh Mahadev.

3. Mr. Deshmukh Harshad Harishchandra.

4. Mr. Babar Pranjal Yuvaraj

Is approved for the Diploma Of Engineering in Electrical Engineering from

SVERI’s College of Engineering (Polytechnic), Pandharpur.

Name of guide Name of H.O.D.

(Prof. Kadam P. D. ) (Prof. Ghodake S.M. )

Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering

SVERI’s COE (Poly), Pandharpur. SVERI’s COE (Poly), Pandharpur.

Examinar: Principal:

(Prof . ) ( Dr. N. D. Misal )

Date:

Place: Pandharpur.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and deep sense of

gratitude to my guide, Prof. Kadam P.D. for his constant support, motivation,
valuable guidance and immense help during the entire course of this work.
Without his constant encouragement, timely advice and valuable discussion, it
would have been difficult in completing this work. I would also like to
acknowledge Electrical Engineering Department who provided me the facilities
for completion of the project. We are thankful to him for sharing his
experienced in research field with me and providing constant motivation during
entire project work.
I would also like to express my gratitude to all my friends who helped me
a lot for completion of my midterm project work.

1. Mr. Sagar Vishal Bhagwan. (1810740246)

2. Mr. Mandave Rushikesh Mahadev. (1810740254)
3. Mr. Deshmukh Harshad Harishchandra. (1810740571)
4. Mr. Babar Pranjal Yuvaraj. (1810740252)
 ABSTRACT
Automatic Solar Street Light is one of the type of the outdoor lighting. The
Automatic street light using solar panel have ability to ON/OFF the lamp
automatically and the battery is charged by the solar panel by using sunlight.

Automatic Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by
photovoltaic panels generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in
the pole itself and automatically ON/OFF .The lamp remain OFF during day
time and remain ON during night.

The basic circuitry on solar powered streetlight is the solar charge

controller which essentially consists of an automatic battery charger, fed by the
solar panel and a lighting controller, automated for dust to dawn operation. This
street light jus designed to operate or trigger automatically at night. time as the
light is sensed by the solar panel itself.
 CONTENTS

SR. NO. CHAPTER NAME

1) INTRODUCTION ABOUT STREET LIGHT

2) INFORMATION ABOUT AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET

LIGHT

3) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT (AUTOMATIC

SOLAR STREET LIGHT )

4) COMPONENTS/ MATERIAL USED FOR THIS PROJECT

AND THEIR FUNCTIONS/ INFORMATION

5) CHAPTER 5:- WORKING OF THE PROJECT (MODEL).

6) ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS OF

THIS PROJECT

7) CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE

CHAPTER 1:-INTRODUCTION ABOUT STREET LIGHT

A street light, light pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or lamp
standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights
may be found on a railway platform. When urban electric power
distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights
for urban streets followed, or sometimes led.
Many lamps have light-sensitive photocells that activate the lamp
automatically when needed, at times when there is little to no ambient light,
such as at dusk, dawn, or at the onset of dark weather conditions. This function
in older lighting systems could be performed with the aid of a solar dial. Many
street light systems are being connected underground instead of wiring from
one utility post to another. Street lights are an important source of
public security lighting intended to reduce crime.
Public street lighting was first developed in the 1500s, and accelerated
following the invention of lanterns with glass windows, which greatly improved
the quantity of light. In 1588 the Parisian Parlement decreed that a torch be
installed and lit at each intersection, and in 1594 the police changed this to
lanterns. Still, in the mid-1600s it was a common practice for travelers to hire a
lantern-bearer if they had to move at night through the dark, winding streets.
CHAPTER 2:-INFORMATION ABOUT AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET
LIGHT

Automatic Solar street lights are raised light sources which are powered by
photovoltaic panels generally mounted on the lighting structure or integrated in
the pole itself and automatically ON/OFF .It remain OFF during day time and
remain ON during night time as the light is senced by the solar panel itself. It
does not any other sensor to sense the light or darkness.

The basic circuitry on solar powered streetlight is the solar charge

controller which essentially consists of an automatic battery charger, fed by the
solar panel and a lighting controller, automated for dust to dawn operation. This
street light jus designed to operate or trigger automatically at night. Solar LED
street lights rely on the photovoltaic effect, which allows the solar cell to
convert sunlight into usable electrical energy. Similar to how electricity-based
gadgets work, wires from the solar cell are then connected to the battery in order
to transfer the fresh direct current electricity from sunlight. The photovoltaic
panels charge a rechargeable battery, which powers a fluorescent or LED lamp
during the night.
CHAPTER 3:-CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF THE PROJECT (AUTOMATIC
SOLAR STREET LIGHT)
CHAPTER 4:-COMPONENTS/ MATERIAL USED FOR THIS
PROJECT AND THEIR FUNCTIONS/ INFORMATION

1) SOLAR PANEL:-

The term solar panel is used colloquially for a photo-voltaic (PV) module.
A PV module is an assembly of photo-voltaic cells mounted in a framework for
installation. Photo-voltaic cells use sunlight as a source of energy and generate
direct current electricity. A collection of PV modules is called a PV Panel, and a
system of Panels is an Array. Arrays of a photovoltaic system supply solar
electricity to electrical equipment.
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate
electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Most modules use wafer-based
crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells. The structural (load carrying) member
of a module can be either the top layer or the back layer. Cells must be protected
from mechanical damage and moisture
A PV junction box is attached to the back of the solar panel and functions
as its output interface. External connections for most photovoltaic modules use
MC4 connectors to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the
system. A USB power interface can also be used.
 2) LED:-

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source that emits

light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine
with electron holes, releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the
light (corresponding to the energy of the photons) is determined by the energy
required for electrons to cross the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is
obtained by using multiple semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor
on the semiconductor device.
Appearing as practical electronic components in 1962, the earliest LEDs
emitted low-intensity infrared (IR) light. Infrared LEDs are used in remote-
control circuits, such as those used with a wide variety of consumer electronics.
The first visible-light LEDs were of low intensity and limited to red. Modern
LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet (UV), and infrared
wavelengths, with high light output.
 3) RECHARGABLE CELL (BATTERY ):-

A rechargeable cell (battery), storage battery, or secondary cell, (or

archaically accumulator) is a type of electrical battery which can be charged,
discharged into a load, and recharged many times, as opposed to a disposable or
primary battery, which is supplied fully charged and discarded after use. It is
composed of one or more electrochemical cells. The term "accumulator" is used
as it accumulates and stores energy through a reversible electrochemical
reaction. Rechargeable batteries are produced in many different shapes and
sizes, ranging from button cells to megawatt systems connected to stabilize an
electrical distribution network. Several different combinations of electrode
materials and electrolytes are used, including lead–acid, zinc-air, nickel–
cadmium (NiCd), nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), Lithium
Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4), and lithium-ion polymer (Li-ion polymer).
Rechargeable batteries typically initially cost more than disposable
batteries, but have a much lower total cost of ownership and environmental
impact, as they can be recharged inexpensively many times before they need
replacing.
 4) TRANSISTOR:-

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic

signals and electrical power. Transistors are one of the basic building blocks of
modern electronics. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at
least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current
applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through
another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher
than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today,
some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded
in integrated circuits.
The most widely used transistor is the MOSFET (metal–oxide–
semiconductor field-effect transistor), also known as the MOS transistor, which
was invented by Mohamed Atalla with Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959. The
MOSFET was the first truly compact transistor that could be miniaturised and
mass-produced for a wide range of uses.
 5) DIODE:-

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current

primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero)
resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A
diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a
heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction,
from cathode to plate. A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type
today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction
connected to two electrical terminals.Semiconductor diodes were the first
semiconductor electronic devices.
The discovery of asymmetric electrical conduction across the contact
between a crystalline mineral and a metal was made by German physicist
Ferdinand Braun in 1874. Today, most diodes are made of silicon, but other
semiconducting materials such as gallium arsenide and germanium are also
used.
 6) RESISTOR:-

A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element. In electronic circuits, resistors are used
to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active
elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses. High-power
resistors that can dissipate many watts of electrical power as heat, may be used
as part of motor controls, in power distribution systems, or as test loads for
generators. Fixed resistors have resistances that only change slightly with
temperature, time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used to adjust
circuit elements (such as a volume control or a lamp dimmer), or as sensing
devices for heat, light, humidity, force, or chemical activity.
Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic
circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors as
discrete components can be composed of various compounds and forms.
Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits.
 7) PCB :-

A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and electrically

connects electrical or electronic components using conductive tracks, pads and
other features etched from one or more sheet layers of copper laminated onto
and/or between sheet layers of a non-conductive substrate. Components are
generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and mechanically
fasten them to it.
Printed circuit boards are used in all but the simplest electronic products.
They are also used in some electrical products, such as passive switch boxes.
Alternatives to PCBs include wire wrap and point-to-point construction,
both once popular but now rarely used. PCBs require additional design effort to
lay out the circuit, but manufacturing and assembly can be automated.
Electronic computer-aided design software is available to do much of the work
of layout.
 8) SWITCH:-

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can

disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting
the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another.[1][2] The most
common type of switch is an electromechanical device consisting of one or
more sets of movable electrical contacts connected to external circuits. When a
pair of contacts is touching current can pass between them, while when the
contacts are separated no current can flow.
Switches are made in many different configurations; they may have
multiple sets of contacts controlled by the same knob or actuator, and the
contacts may operate simultaneously, sequentially, or alternately.
 9) CONNECTING WIRES:-

A wire is a single usually cylindrical, flexible strand or rod of metal. Wires

are used to bear mechanical loads or electricity and telecommunications signals.
Wire is commonly formed by drawing the metal through a hole in a die or draw
plate. Wire gauges come in various standard sizes, as expressed in terms of a
gauge number. The term 'wire' is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of
such strands, as in "multistranded wire", which is more correctly termed a wire
rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.
CHAPTER 5:- WORKING OF THE PROJECT (MODEL).
When the sunlight falls on the solar panel the rechargeable battery is
charged ,a solar panel system function starts with the photovoltaic cell which
gets light from the sun and turns it into electricity. In order for that to happen
the function of a semiconductor must take place.
A control circuit consists of different electronic components such as
resistor , transistor, diode etc. The function of control circuit is to control the
different function and switching of the circuit as per requirements the resistor is
used for controlling the current , diode is used for allowing flow of current in
one direction and the transistor is called as one type of electronic switch.so the
circuit is controlled by these components.
The charge controller controls the charging of the battery or cell so it can
be avoided from damage of the battery by overcharging due to this charge
controlling function of the circuit. The LED is turned ON and OFF
automatically by the control signal givan by the control circuit which is sensed
by solar panel .So the advantage is that the lamp can be turned ON only at night
times and it gets OFF at day time so there is no wastage of energy and energy
conservation is achieved.
The battery is continuously charged during day time and its charging is
controlled by the control circuit.. It prevents overcharging and may protect
against overvoltage, which can reduce battery performance or lifespan and may
pose a safety risk. It may also prevent completely draining ("deep discharging")
a battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on the battery
technology, to protect battery life.
CHAPTER 6:ADVANTAGES,DISADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
OF AUTOMATIC SOLAR STREET LIGHT

 ADVANTAGES:-
 Automatic ON-OFF control
 Energy saving
 simple circuit

 DISADVANTAGES:-
 Due to Climate change there is problem in charging the battery using
solar panel.
 The rechargeable battery need to be be replaced as per its life.

 APPLICATIONS:-
 Rural and Urban street lighting
 Park and Playground lighting
 Highway and roadway lighting
 Industrial and commercial sector outdoor lighting
 Outdoor security lighting
 CHAPTER 7:-CONCLUSION AND REFERENCE

 CONCLUSION:-
The Automatic solar street light is automatically operating ON/OFF
light and the supply is provided by battery & battery is charged by the solar
panel using sunlight, so it save energy or avoid wastage of energy , so it is
efficient system for outdoor lighting systems.

 REFERENCE:-
www.electrical4u.com
www.electricalprojects.com
www.outdoorlighting.com
THANK
YOU