Style Sheet for the Journal of the American Oriental Society

(If not listed below, follow the latest edition of the Chicago Manual of Style)

Footnotes
Footnotes should accord with one of the following models:
1. Humanities format (note 1.3a for the Islamic Studies section’s preference for initials in
secondary-source citing)
1.1. Paul Q. Author, The Book I Wrote (Place: Publisher, Year), 109.
1.1a. Paul Q. Author, and Jane P. Doe, The Book We Wrote (Place: Publisher, Year), 109.
1.1b. Paul Q. Author, Jane P. Doe, and Quentin E. Dee, The Book We Three Wrote Together (Place:
Publisher, Year), 109.
1.2. Paul Q. Author, “The Article I Wrote,” JAOS 108.3 (1988): 456–69, at 463.
1.3. Paul Q. Author, “The Paper I Wrote,” in The Symposium to Which We All Contributed, ed. John
P. Doe and Quentin E. Dee (Place: Publisher, Year), 12 n. 4.
1.3a. P. Q. Author, “The Paper I Wrote,” in The Symposium to Which We All Contributed, ed. J. P.
Doe and Q. E. Dee (Place: Publisher, Year), 12 n. 4.
1.4. Paul Q. Author, The Book I Wrote, 2 vols. (Place: Publisher, Year), 1: 109.
2. Social Sciences format
2.1. Notes in text with the form Author Year or Author Year: p. no.; Author Year, [volume no.]: p.
no. If the page number only is used, “p.” or “pp.” is appropriate: (p. 12); the abbreviation may be
used at any time to distinguish pages from other kinds of numerical references (tables, lines,
etc.). If text refers to an author’s claim, Year: p. no. is parenthetical, e.g., “Adams (2002: 69)
asserts that . . .” If the Social Sciences format is chosen, a Bibliography is required.

Bibliography
Bibliography should accord with the following model (N.B., the above note for the Islamic Studies
section applies here as well):
1. Humanities format
1.1. Author, Paul Q., and John Doe. The Book We Wrote. Series [optional]. Place: Publisher, Year.
1.2. Author, Paul Q., Jane Dee, and John Doe. The Book We Wrote. Series [optional]. Place:
Publisher, Year.
1.3. Author, Paul Q. The Article I Wrote. JAOS 108.3 (1988): 409–19.
1.4. Author, Paul Q. The Paper I Wrote. In The Symposium to Which We All Contributed, ed. John
P. Doe and Quinten E. Dee. Pp. 10–29. Place: Publisher, Year.
 1.5. Author, Paul Q. The Book I Wrote. 2 vols. Place: Publisher, Year.
2. Social Sciences format
2.1 Author, Paul Q. Year. The Book I Wrote. Series [optional]. Place: Publisher.
2.2. Author, Paul Q., Jane Dee, and John Doe. Year. The Book We Wrote. Series [optional]. Place:
Publisher.
2.3. Author, Paul Q. Year. The Paper I Wrote. In The Symposium to Which We All Contributed, ed.
John P. Doe and Quentin E. Dee. Pp. 10–29. Place: Publisher.
2.4. Author, Paul Q. Year. The Book I Wrote. 2 vols. Place: Publisher.

N.B.
1. Only one, the major and relevant place of publication is listed, e.g., “Leiden: Brill”; not “Leiden,
Boston, Kö ln: Brill.”
2. In footnote citation and bibliography, abbreviate “Univ. Press,” “rev. ed.,” “tr.,” “vol.,” “no.,” “pt.”
3. Do not repeat author entries in bibliography, but replace with 3 n-dashes (———).
4. “Ibid.” refers to the single work cited in the note immediately preceding. It should not be used if
more than one work is cited in the preceding note. It takes the place of the author’s name, the title
of the work, and as much of the succeeding material as is identical. Ibid. may also be used in place of
the name of a journal or book of essays in successive references to the same journal or book within
one note. Instead of ibid., one may use an unambiguous short form (e.g., “Buck, Selected Synonyms,
293”).
5. “Idem” should not be used in place of an author’s name when successive references to several
works are made within a single note, but the name should be repeated. Idem is also not used of
titles or in bibliographies.
6. Note the distinction between “see” (or, vide: used of a supporting point)” and “cf.” (confer,
compare: used of a contrasting or complementary point).
7. References to inclusive pages, as follows: for two-digit numbers repeat all digits [“56–58”]; for
100 or multiples thereof repeat all digits [“100–106”]; for numbers greater than 100 repeat only
last two digits (or more, if necessary) [“117–19”; “1698–722”]; but do not repeat any zeroes [“103–
8′′].

Text style
1. Quotation marks are placed outside sentence punctuation (i.e., American, not British, style).
Exceptions are made for single quotation marks (used in linguistic glosses or dialogue), for colons
and semicolons, and for certain exclamation points and question marks.
2. The following items should normally be italicized: titles of works and periodicals; foreign terms
cited in the process of inquiry. Foreign terms, however, that are employed by the author instead of
translations may be kept in roman, especially if commonly understood, frequently used, or found in
Merriam-Webster (e.g., karma, dharma, hadith, Quran, quranic). Not italicized are: books of the
Bible, classes of works (e.g., purana, veda), common Latin scholarly terms and abbreviations (with
the single exception of [sic]). An English plural ending on foreign words is not italicized: sutras (but
not all JAOS editors use English plurals—check with your editor). Idiosyncratic italicization, for
emphasis, etc., is discouraged. Special conventions govern the transliteration of cuneiform.
3. American spelling and dating preferences (e.g., July 6, 1922) are adopted.
4. In publication details, the two-letter postal abbreviation for the state is used, but only when the
publication city is not generally well known.
5. For era dating, JAOS uses CE and BCE (in small caps); the Islamic Studies section prefers h
immediately following the date (d. 627h) if the hijri calendar is used on its own.
6. General style: the serial (Oxford) comma is used; ellipses should be three (four, if ending a
sentence) spaced periods; singular personal names ending in -s have apostrophe + s in the genitive
(Jesus’s life); numbers to one hundred and round numbers are spelled out; and titles (Dr., Prof., etc.)
are omitted.