NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 1 –

NUMBER SYSTEM
1. Natural Number : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ................ (iii) Every natural number is an integer.
99, etc are called natural numbers. (iv) Every whole number is an integer.
N = The set of natural numbers (v) The set of non - negative integer
= {1, 2, 3, 4, ..................} = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ............}
(vi) The set of non - positive integer
Remarks :
= {....., –4, –3, –2, –1, 0 }
(i) The set N is infinite i.e., it has unlimited
4. Even Numbers : A natural number is said

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members.
to be even if it is multiple of 2 or it is divisible
(ii) N has the smallest element namely ‘l’.
by 2 i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8,10, 12 ....... are examples

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(iii) N has no largest element, i.e., give me
of even numbers.
any natural number, we can find the bigger

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E = The set of even numbers
number from the given number.
= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, .................}

d
(iv) N does not contain ‘0’ is not a member
5. Odd Numbers : A natural number is said

n
N
of the set N.

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to be odd, if it is not even or if it is not divisible

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2. Whole Number : 0, 1, 2, 3, ........................ by 2. i.e., 1, 3, 5,7, 9, .......... are examples
98, 99, ............. 1000, .............. etc are called

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of odd numbers.
e
F
whole numbers i.e., all natural numbers together O = The set of odd natural numbers
with 0 are called the whole numbers.

n k = {1,3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,.. }

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W = The set of whole numbers 6. Consecutive Numbers : A series of natural

N h
= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, .................}. numbers each differing by one is called

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Remarks : consecutive numbers. e.g., 50, 51, 52, 53 are
(i) The set of whole number is infite consecutive numbers.
(unlimited elements). 7. Prime Number : A natural number is said
(ii) This set has the smallest members as to be prime if it has only two different (distant)
‘0’ i.e., ‘0’ the smallest whole number. factors namely one and itself. 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
i.e., set W contain ‘0’ as a member. are prime numbers.
(iii) The set of whole numbers has no largest Remarks :
member. (i) 1 is not a prime number.
(iv) Every natural number is a whole number. (ii) The only even prime number is 2.
(v) Non - zero smallest whole number is ‘1’. (iii) The smallest prime number is 2.
3. Integers : The set of numbers which consists (iv) All prime numbers are odd except 2.
of natural numbers, negative of natural numbers. 8. Twin – Prime : A pair of prime numbers is
The set of integers said to be twin – prime if they differ by 2.
Z = {.... 4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,.......} For example (3, 5), (11, 13), (17, 19), (29,
Remarks : 31), (41, 43), (71, 73) are all twin – prime.
(i) This set Z is infinite. 9. Composite Numbers : A natural number is
(ii) It has neither the grestest nor the least said 4, 6, 12 are all composite numbers.
element. * 1 is neither prime nor composite.

INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...

NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 2 –

(i) 1 is not composite. steps are known as terminating decimals.

(ii) 4 is the smallest composite number.
7 35 15 79 193
Remarks : , , , , ...... etc are the examples of
8 16 2 32 4
10. Co-prime : A pair of numbers is said to be terminating decimals.
co–prime if the numbers have no common (ii) Non Terminating Recurring Decimals :
factor other than one. For example 29 and 31 Those numbers in which the division process
are called co-prime because they have no never comes to an end. In such cases a digit or
common factor except 1. block of digits repeats itself 0.333.....,
11. Perfect Number : A number is said to be 0.171717....., 0.18919191..., etc are the examples

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perfect if it is equal to the sum of its factors of Non terminating recurring decimals. Non
other than itself. For example : 6 = (1 + 2 terminating recurring decimals divided into two

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+ 3) ; 28 = (1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14) therefore categories.

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6 and 28 are perfect numbers. a. Pure Recurring Decimals
Topic : Rational & Irrational Numbers b. Mixed Recurring Decimals
(a)
d
Pure Recurring decimals : A decimal in which

n
N
1. Rational Numbers : The set of all numbers

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p all the digits after the decimal point are repeated.

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of the form q for every p and q are integers
and q  0 is known as the set of rational
e y
0. 6 , 0.16 , 0.123 ...etc are the examples of
pure recurring decimals.

B
F
numbers and it is denoted by Q.
(b) Mixed Recurring decimals : A decimal in
1 5 7 5 9 4 3 9 0 15
Q = , , , , , , , , , ....etc are

n k which at least one of the digits after the decimal

i
3 2 3 2 7 2 6 3 3 25 point is not repeated and then some digit or digits

N h
the examples of Rational Numbers. are repeated. 016. , 0.352 ...etc are the

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I
Remarks : examples of pure recurring decimals.
(i) Every integer is a rational number. NOTE : Every rational number can be represented
(ii) Every terminating deimal is a rational in the form of terminating or non - terminating
number. recurring decimals.
(iii) Every recurring decimal is a rational 2. Irrational Numbers : A number is an irrational
number. number, it has a non-terminating and non-
(iv) A non terminating repeating decimal is repeating decimal representation. Ex.
called a recurring decimal. 2  1414215
. ... which is neither terminating
(v) Between any two rational numbers there nor repeating.
are an infinite number of rational numbers. Real Numbers : The rational numbers and
This property is known as the density of irrational numbers taken together form the set of
rational numbers. real numbers. It is denoted by R. 3 , 2, –5, 0, 1
Types of Rational Numbers : There are two types are examples of real numbers.
of Rational Numbers. Note : is defined as the ratio of circumference of a
(i) Terminating Decimal. circle to the length of the diameter.
(ii) Non - Terminating Decimal  is an irrational number since value of
(i) Terminating Decimals : The rational numbers  = 3.14159265........... Which is neither terminating
with a finite decimal part after finite numbers of non repeating.

INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...

NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 3 –
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF IRRATIONAL NUMBERS

Property 1 : Negative of an irrational number Ex.1 2  3 and 2  3 both are irrational

is an irrational number
Ex.1 3 is an example of irrational number..
e j e
numbers then 2  3  2  3  2 3 is j
an irrational numbers.
 3 is an irrational number..
Ex.2 2  3 and 2  3 both are irrational
Property 2 : Sum of rational and irrational
number is irrational number. e j e
numbers then 2  3  2  3  4 is a j
Ex.1 2 is a irrational number and 3 is an rational numbers.

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Property 7 : Product of two irrational number
irrational number, hence 2  3 is an may rational or irrational.

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irrational number. Ex.1 2 and 3 both are irrational number
Property 3 : Product of non-zero rational and

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then 2  3  6 is also is an irrational
irrational number is irrational.
number.

d
Ex.2 2 is a irrational number and 3 is an
e3  2 j e
and 3  2 j
n
Ex.2 both are irrational

N o
irrational number, hence 2 3 is an irrational

I
2

y
2
number.  
number but 3  2 3  2   3    2
Note : 0 is a irrational number and 3 is an

B e
F
= 9  2  7 is a rational number..
Property 8 : Division of two irrational number

k
irrational number. The product of 0 and 3 is 0,
may be rational or irrational.
which is a rational number.

i n
N
Ex.1 18 and 3 , both are irrational numbers, but

h
Property 4 : Division of non zero rational

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number and irrational number is irratonal.
18  3  6 is an irrational number
Ex.1 2 is a rational number and 3 is an Ex.2 12 and 3 both are irrational number,,
irrational number, hence 2  3 is an irrational but 12  3  4  2 is a rational number
number.
Ex.3 125 and 5 both are irrational number,,
Note : 0 is a rational number and 3 is an
but 125  5  5 is a rational number..
irrational number, the quotient of 0 and 3 is 0
Ex.4 7 and 3 both are irrational number,,
which is a rational number.
Property 5 : Sum of two irrational number  7  3 is an irrational number
may be rational or irrational. For eg.,
Important Points
Ex.1 2 and 3 both are irrational number then
(i) A rational number is either a terminating
2  3 is an irrational number.. or a non terminating but recurring decimal.
Ex.2 e2  3 j e j
and 2  3 both are irrational (ii) An irrational number  
2, 3.... is an

number but e2  3 j  e2  3 j  4 is a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal.

(iii) Every terminating or non-terminating
rational number.
recurring decimal expression can be put
Property 6 : Difference of two irrational
in the form of p/q.
number may rational or irrational. For eg.,

INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...

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NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 4 –
LAWS OF RADICALS & EXPONENTS

Law of Radicals Law of Exponents

First Law : If a and b are positive real numbers, Surds or Radicals : If a is a rational number and n is
then, ab  a  b a positive integer such that the n th root of a i.e.
n
Ex 1. 5  3  5  3 Ex.3 23  2  3 a1/n or a is a irrational number, then a1/n is called a
Ex 2. 6  3  6  3 Ex.4 3  7  3  7 surd (or radical) of order n and a is called the radicand.
• Second Law : If a and b are positive real • First Law : am × an = am + n Ex. 21  22  212  23 ;

a a 35  37  357 = 312 ; 523  5  523  51

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 7 7
numbers, then, ; Ex.1 
b b 5 5 am
• Second Law : n
 amn
a

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6 6 3 3
Ex 2.  Ex.3  34 74 25
7 5  343  31 ;  743 = 73;  253  28

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7 5 Ex. 3 3 3
3 7 2
5 5 2 2 • Third Law : (am)n = amn = (an)m

d
Ex 4.  Ex.5 
3 3 5 5 5 6 5
3
 35 15 5
   356 ; 2
2
 
 236  212

n
N
Ex. 2  2  2 ; 3

o
Third Law : If a and b are positive real

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3

y
• Fourth Law : (ab) = a b Ex.  2  3  23  33 ;
n n n
numbers, then,  a b  a  b   a  b
IJ e
 5  6 3  53  63 ;  5  32  52  32
FGB

F
Ex 1.  5 3    5 3  5  3  2
a
n
an

k H K
• Fifth Law :  ,b  0
 3   3  7  3  4 bn

n
Ex 2. 7 7 b

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5 5
 2 25  6 3 63  2  25

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Fourth Law : If a and b are positive real Ex.1    ;   ;  
25  7  35

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73  3 

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 3
numbers, then,  a  b  a  b   a2  b • Sixth Law : a0 = 1 Ex.1 30  1; x 0  1
Ex 1. 6  2  6  2   62  2  36  2  34
b g
• Seventh Law : a m  b m  ab
m

Ex 2. 5  3  5  3   52  3  25  3  22 5 5 5 2
Ex.1 23 53   253 ; 3 7   37 ;  3 5  3  5
2 2

• Fifth Law : If a and b are +ve real numbers, 1

m
• Eighth Law : a  5 1 2 1 ;
m Ex.1 3  ;4 
 a b  
c  d  ac  ad  bc  bd a 35 42
1 5 1 1
Ex 1.  5 3  6 7  3 1  ; 2  , 6 2 
5
35 2 52
 5 6  5 7  3 6  3 7 am a FG IJ m
25
2
5

Ex 2.  7 2  5 3 
• Ninth Law : m 
b b H K Ex.1 5    ;
3 3

23  2 3 52  5 2
 75  73  25  23   ;  
53  5  32  3 
Sixth Law : If a and b are positive real numbers, m m 3 3
a b  2  3
2 • Tenth Law :     Ex.1      ;
then,  a b   a  2 ab  b b a  3  2
5 5 2 2
2  3 5  6 7
Ex 1.  3 2   3  2 3 2  2  
5
  ;  
3  7
 
6
INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...
NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 18 –
SELF EVALUATION TEST SERIES

M. M : 30 M.T. : 60 min M. M : 30 M. T : 60 min

TEST 1 TEST 2

Q1. Simplify of the following : Q1. Represent 9.5 on the number line. 3M
2 2 1
(i)  64  3 (ii) 125  3 (iii)  49  2 3M Q2. Represent 2.23 on the number line upto 3
places of decimals. 3M
Q2. Represent 2.3 on the number line upto 3 places

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of decimal. Q3. Solve for x : 3M
3M
Q3. Simplify each of the following irrational number. (i) 27 x  9  3x (ii) 16 2x 1  4 x 5

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5 1 5 1 2 1 2 1

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  1
(i) (ii) 3M Q4. If 2  1.414 find the value of 3M
5 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 2 1

d
Q4. Simplify each of the following irrational number. Q5. Simplify of the following irrational numbers:

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3 1 3 1 2 3 2 3

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(i)  (ii)  3M 73 5 73 5 48  8

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3 1 3 1 2 3 2 3 (i)  (ii) 3M
3 5 3 5

e y 12  32

B
Q5. Simplify each of the following irrational numbers

F
3 3 3 3 3 3
 25 3/ 2   2433/ 5  125 1/ 3
Q6. Simplify : 3M

k
(i) 2 5  6 5  625  8 5  3 5  2 5
16 5/ 4  8 4 / 3  13311/ 3
(ii) 8  5 2  18  50  6 2  32 3M

i n
N
Q7. Express the following irrational numbers in the
Q6. If 2  1.4142 , find the value of following irra-

T h form of p/q. 3M

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tional numbers. 3M
(i) 0.35 (ii) 0.37
3 2 2
(i) (ii) . Q8. Prove that the following results : 4M
2 2
1 1 1
(i)  ........... 2
Q7. Find the rational numbers a and b if 3M 1 2 2 3 8 9
3 1 2 5 (ii) 5 2  8  3 32  6 2  5 8  16 2
(i)  a  b 3 (ii) ab 5
3 1 2 5
Q9. Simplify of the following irrational numbers:
Q8. Rationalise denominator of the followng: 4M
1 6 2 3 5 8 3 5 2
(i)    
(i) (ii) 3 2 3 2 3 3 3
2 3 5 2 3 7
Q9. Arrange the following irrational numbers
6 2 1 5 9 18
in ascending order. (ii)    
2 2 2 2 2 3 2
(i) 2, 3 2, 5 (ii) 3
3, 5, 7

SULTS : SELF CHECKING PLAN

RESULTS : SELF CHECKING PLAN
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Per . % b g Grade
Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Per . % b g Grade
Marks
Marks

INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...

NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 19 –
SELF EVALUATION TEST SERIES

M. M : 30 M.T. : 60 min M. M : 30 M. T : 60 min

TEST
TEST 3
3 TEST 4

Q1. Find the value of x in each of the following :

Q1. Represent the following irrational number on the
number line. 3M (i) 5x 2 32 x  3  135 (ii) 2 x 5 .5x  4  5 3M

(i) 3 (ii) 26 Q2. Simplify:

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4
Q2. Simplify : 81  8 3 216  15 5 32  225 3M 4 35 2 2 32 2
(i) (ii) 3M
48  50 12  8

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2
Q3. Find two irrational numbers between

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3 a b b a
 a  xb 
Q3. Prove that :  x   a  1 3M
6  xb 
x

d
and . 3M   
7

n
N
a b b c c a

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Q4. Represent following irrational numbers on the  xa   xb   xc 

I y
number line. 3M Q4. Show that :  b   c   a  1
x  x  x

e


B
(i) 9.2 (ii) 10

F
3M

k
Q5. Simplify : 1 2 1
Q5. Show that :    0 3M

n
2 3 5 3 2 5

i
N
1 1
 25 3/ 2   49 3/ 2
h
92  273 1
(i) (ii) 3M If x  9  4 5 , find the value of x  .

T
Q6.

I
1
4
81  243
1
5 1251/ 3   3431/ 3 x
3M
2 1
Q6. If x  2  3 , show that x   14 3M 2 1 2 1
x2 Q7. If x  ,y  , show that
2 1 2 1
2 n  2 n 1 3 x2 + xy + y2 = 35 3M
Q7. Show that :  3M
2 n 1  2 n 2
1 1
Q8. If a  and b  , find t he
1 1 3 8 3 8
Q8. Prove that : a b
 1 4M
1 x 1  x b a value of (a + b)2. 4M
Q9. Simplify of the following irrational numbers: Q9. Find two rational and two irrational numbers
between 1/2 and 1/3.
(i) 2  3 5 3 3
(ii) 2 3 2  3 2

RESULTS : SELF CHECKING PLAN RESULTS : SELF CHECKING PLAN

Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Per . % b g Grade Q. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Per . % b g Grade
Marks Marks

INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...

NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 24 –

y8 / 3 135 17
(iii) 13 / 6 (iv) x 7 / 6 .y1.z 7 / 3 (v) x 7 / 6 .y17 / 6 7. (i) (ii)
x 89 45
(vi) x4/ 3.y37/ 6 .z23/ 6 (vii) x 13 / 6 y (viii) x 7 / 5 .y 7 / 6 101 3 27 2
9. (i) (ii)
(ix) x11/ 6 .y17 / 6 .z 25 / 36 18 12

TEST 3
Practice Exercise – 12

19. 3 20. 2 21. (i) 2  3 (ii) 2  5 (iii)

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3 2 15 16
2. 0 3. ,
21 21
3
(iv) 6  2 3 (v) 3 2  2 3 (vi) 2 3  5 22.

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5. (i) 1 (ii) 1225
80
(ii) 36 5400 2 / 3 6 1/ 2

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23. 2 2 24. 50 25. 80 9. (ii)

TEST 1 TEST 4

n d
1.

3.
4.
(i)

(i) 3
(i) 4
(i) 16 3 5
1
16
(ii)

(ii)
(ii)
4
1
25

14
(iii)

F I
(iii) 6
1
7

i n
N
1.
2.
8.

k
9.
B
(i) 3
(i) 1
36

(i)
7 8
,
18 18
(ii)
(ii)
5

e
1
y o
(ii) 0.345060.....,0.3610100....

N
5. (ii) 3 2
6. (i) 12.121 (ii) 2.414

T h
I
7. (i) a = 2 (ii) a = 9, b = 4

2 3  3 2  30
8. (i)
12

(ii)

3 2 3  3  21 
6

TEST 2

2
3. (i) (ii) –1
3
4. 0.414

18 5  14 5 3 6 2
5. (i) (ii)
4 5

16875
6.
5632

INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...

NUMBER SYSTEM LEARN MATHAMTICS AT : INFINITY – 25 –
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INFINITY # 8743011101 : CLASS – IX : NUMBER SYSTEM : INFINITY ... Think beyond...