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14-04-2022 Electrostatics L4

The document discusses electrostatic forces in a medium, including the formulas for calculating these forces with permittivity and dielectric constants. It provides examples of problems related to electrostatic equilibrium, including stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium scenarios. Additionally, it explores the effects of charge placement and displacement on the type of equilibrium experienced by the charges.

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maityarnab909
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30 views32 pages

14-04-2022 Electrostatics L4

The document discusses electrostatic forces in a medium, including the formulas for calculating these forces with permittivity and dielectric constants. It provides examples of problems related to electrostatic equilibrium, including stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium scenarios. Additionally, it explores the effects of charge placement and displacement on the type of equilibrium experienced by the charges.

Uploaded by

maityarnab909
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrostatics Force in medium

If medium is present up to infinity then,

𝟏 𝐪𝟏𝐪𝟐
𝐅𝐦 =
𝟒𝛑𝛜 𝐫𝟐

ϵ = permittivity of medium.
r
The value of ϵ is 𝛜 = 𝛜𝟎 𝛜𝐫 𝐪𝟏 𝐪𝟐
ϵr= relative permittivity of medium.

ϵr= Dielectric constant of medium (K).


(surrounding medium is present up to infinity)

𝟏 𝐪𝟏 𝐪𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝐪𝟏 𝐪𝟐
𝐅𝐦 = =
𝟒𝛑𝛜𝟎𝛜𝐫 𝐫𝟐 𝛜𝐫 𝟒𝛑𝛜𝟎 𝐫𝟐

𝐅
𝐅𝐦 =
𝛜𝐫
r
The value of 𝛜𝐫 or K ≥ 𝟏, i.e. Fm ≤ 𝐅 𝐪𝟏 𝐪𝟐
+
Exampl 01 Two identical charged spheres are suspended by strings of equal
length. Each string makes an angle θ with the vertical. When
suspended in a liquid of density σ = 0.8 gm/cc, the angle remains
the same. What is the dielectric constant of the liquid? (Density
of the material of sphere is ρ = 1.6 gm/cc.)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

θ θ

q q
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

θ θ
Tcosθ Tcosθ
T T

θ θ
q T sinθ T sinθ q
Fe Fe
k k
Mg ’ Mg ’
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
+
Exampl 02 What will be the net force on charge q placed at mid point as
shown.

q
fixed fixed
Q a M a Q

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
+
Exampl 03 In given case where should be third charge must be placed so
that net force on third charge will be zero.

fixed fixed
Q 4Q
2a
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

fixed fixed
Q 4Q
2a

𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞

Equilibrium position will be near to smaller charge.


+
Exampl 04 What should be the value of charge which should be placed at
center of square so that system will remains in equilibrium.
𝒂
Q Q

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 All charges


𝒂 are free
𝒂

Q Q
𝒂

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭
As all charges are positive so they will repel each other. Definitely fifth charge
must be opposite in sign.
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝒂
Q Q

𝒂 𝒂

Q Q
𝒂
Electrostatic Equilibrium

Stable Equilibrium
A charge is initially in equilibrium position and is displaced by a small
distance. If the charge tries to return back to the same equilibrium
position then this equilibrium is called position of stable equilibrium.
Unstable Equilibrium

If charge is displaced by a small distance from its equilibrium position


and the charge has no tendency to return to the same equilibrium
position. Instead it goes away from the equilibrium position. This
position is called position of unstable equilibrium.
Neutral Equilibrium

If charge is displaced by a small distance and it is still in


equilibrium condition then it is called neutral equilibrium.
+
Exampl 05 A charge +𝒒𝟎 is at mid point of line joining two +q charges in
gravity free space. Both +q charges are fixed and +𝒒𝟎 is free
to move. Find type of equilibrium of charge +𝒒𝟎
(1) Along X axis (2) Along y axis

+q +q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
(1)Along X axis.

(𝐚 + 𝐱) (𝐚 − 𝐱)
𝐱

+q +q0 +q
𝐅𝟐 𝐅𝟏
(-a,0) (a,0)

As 𝐅𝟐 > 𝐅𝟏 net force on charge is towards equilibrium so type of


equilibrium is stable.
(2) Along y axis

+q +q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)

Net force is in the direction of displacement so type of equilibrium is


unstable.
+
Exampl 06 A charge +𝒒𝟎 is at mid point of line joining two +q charges in
gravity free space. Both +q charges are fixed and +𝒒𝟎 is free
to move. Find time period of motion of charge +𝒒𝟎 , if it is
slightly displaced along x axis

+q +q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

+q +q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)
+
Exampl 07 A charge −𝒒𝟎 is at mid point of line joining two +q charges in
gravity free space. Both +q charges are fixed and −𝒒𝟎 is free
to move. Find type of equilibrium of charge −𝒒𝟎
(1) Along X axis. (2) Along y axis.

+q -q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
+
Exampl 08 A charge −𝒒𝟎 is at mid point of line joining two +q charges in
gravity free space. Both +q charges are fixed and −𝒒𝟎 is free
to move. Find time period of motion of charge −𝒒𝟎 if it is
slightly displaced along y axis.

+q –q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)

𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

+q -q0 +q
(-a,0) (0,0) (a,0)
HW

DPP#3 complete

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