Q1. Write down symptoms of following diseses 5.

Grain modle of sorghum

1yellow vein mosica of okra This smut is also called as covered , kernel , short or grain smut
The infected plants are stunted , the leaves are reduced and . The individual grains are replaced by smut sori which can be
often curled . All veins and venlets turn yellow while entire localized at a particular part of the head or can occur over the
lamina remains green . Most of the affected leaves show entire inforescence . The individual son are oval to conical and
thickening veins on the lower side of the leaves . The fruits are covered with a tough , white or creamy to light brown skin
produced on diseased plants are small in size , pale in colour ( peridium ) which often persist unbroken upto threshing . The
and often deformed . The internode distance get reduced , leaf sori vary in size from those small enough to hidden by the
size , petiole length and ut length is also reduced . Fruits on glumes to those as long as 1.2 cm
diseased plants are short , somewhat thick and are brittle and Q2.wite down the symptoms and management of following
poor in quality disease
2.Bunchy top of Banana 1.Panama wilt of Banana
The affected leaf shows streaks on the secondary veins on the Symptoms : The fungus blocks the vascular system and cause
under side of lamina and on the midrib and petiole . The wilting . The infected plants show char acteristic yellowing of
streaks are about 0.75 mm wide and vary in length upto 2.5 cm leaf blades developing as a band along the margin and
. The powdery bloom covers the midrib and petiole . If this is spreading towards midrib . The cutted stem emits fishy odour
rubbed off the dark green streaks can be clearly seen . The Management : Healthy planting material should be obtained
streaks from a series of dark green dots at a continuous dark from disease free areas . Dipping of suckers in carbendazim 0.1
green line with a ragged edge . The subsequent leaves , show per cent solution before planting
the same symptoms and are progressively dwarfed They also 2. PHOMOPSIS BLIGHT OF BRINJAL
show marginal chlorosis and curling . The leaves are brittle in Symptoms : 100 The disease appears as damping off , leaf
texture and petioles are incompletely elongated . Pale , whitish blight or fruit rot . However , the most destructive phase of the
streaks may be seen along the length of lamina In subsequent disease is fruit rot
leaves unfurling process is premature but slow so that several Management : Collection and destruction of diseased plant
leaves are unrolling at the same time . The leaves become debris . Soil should be given deep summer ploughing . Use of
smaller and eventually the crown of the plant becomes disease free seeds . Hot water seed treatment ( at 50 ° C for 30
composed of stunted leaves , the rosette or bunchy top . The minutes ) . Spraying with Zineb ( 0.2 % ) or Mancozeb ( 0.2 % )
opening bunches are constricted or choked by the pseudostem or Captan ( 0.2 % ) in the nursery as well as in the field at an
and may split instead of emerging in the normal fashion . The interval of 7-10 days
bunches are itself reduced in size and the fruit loses its market 3. ANTHRACNOSE OF BEANS
value Symptoms : The disease appears as angular spots on the lower
3.Rice tungro disease side of the leaves . They ultimately become visible on the
1 : Stunting , interveinal chlorosis and 2 : Leaf discoloration : a opposite side . Similar lesions are also found on seed , petiole
) Yellow : In japonica b ) Orange : In indica varieties 3 : Mottling and stem . Black cankers may appear on the cotyledon . Deep
of young leaves with pale green to whitish interveinal stripes . carkers on the coleop tile result in plant collapse . On immature
4 : Reduction in number of tillers with poor root system 5 : pods , small brown spots develop into lesions , which look light
Small panicles with few spikelets are produced as compared to brown at border and brown to black at centre
healthy 6 : lodine test for identification : Tungro + ve leaves Management : Follow field sanitation and crop rotation . Use
show dark blue streaks clean seed . Seed treatment with Carbendazim @ 2g / kg of
4.pegionpea serility mosaic seed . Spray the crop with Bordeaux mixture ( 1 % ) or copper
The disease attack can be seen in all stages of crop growth . oxychloride ( 0.25 % )
Leaves show typical mosaic mottling symptoms . Yellow 4. ERGOT OF BAJRA
patches intermingle with green colour of leaf . The green Symptoms : The disease occurs only at the time of flowering
portions exhibit pucker ing symptom . In severe cases , leaves Small droplets of pinkish or light honey coloured dew - like
become smaller and cluster near tip because of shortened substance exudes from infected spikelets known as " Honey
internodes and stimulation of auxillary buds . The plants are dew " stage . Later , these droplets become darker , coalesce
generally stunted and do not produce pod . Plants infected at and cover larger areas of the inflorescence . In advanced stages
early stages ( up to 45 days ) of crop growth show near , small , dark brown sclerotia can be seen projecting from
complete sterility and yield loss up to 95 per cent . As plants between the glumes . These sclerotia replace the overy or
become older ( after 45 days ) , their susceptibility to the grain and are hard and woody . These sclerotia contain several
disease decreases and such plants show partial sterility . If alkaloids responsible for ergot poisoning in animals known as
pods develop , the seeds may be small , shrivelled and " Ergotoxin " or " Ergotin " . Synonimous old name : Claviceps
immature . Because the infected plants show sterility and the microcephala ( Wallr ) Tul
leaves show the ' mo saic symptom , the name of the disease Management : 1 ) Collect and destory the affected ear heads .
is sterility mosaic 2 ) Removal of grass weeds near the crop field . 3 ) Remove
sclerotial bodies by immersing seed in 20 % salt solution . After
washing sunken seed thrice in clean water dry seeds in shade
5.wilt of guava
Symptoms : The disease is characterized by yellowing and
browning of leaves , discolouration of the sem and death of
the branches along one side . Sometimes the infection girdles
the stem and the whole plant may die . Leaves die and the twig
barks split
Management : Dry branches should be cut off and wilted
plants uprooted . Soil should be treated with lime or gypsum
to make the soil pH 6.0 to 6.5 . Balance nutrition of host
reduces severity of the disease when organic nitrogen is
supplied
Q3. Explain in detail about bacterial blight of promoganet
Symptoms : Small irregular , water - soaked spots appear on
the leaves . Spots vary from two to five mm ndameter with
necrotic centre of pin - head size . Spots are translucent , later
furn light brown to ark brown and are surrounded by
prominent water - soaked margins . Spots coalesce to form
large patches . Severely infected leaves fall off . The bacterium
attacks stems , branches and fruits also . On the stem , the
disease starts as brown to black spots around the nodes . It
leads to girdling and cracking of nodes . Finally the branches
break down . Brown to black spots appear on the pericarp with
Land Y shaped cracks . The spots on fruits are raised and oily in
appearance .
Causal organism : Xanthomonas axonopodis pv . punicae (
Hingorani and Singh )
Etiology : It is a Gram - negative rod , motile with single polar
flagellum and 0.5 x 1.0 to 2.5 μm . t's aerobic bacteria .
Perpetuation : The bacterium survives on the tree . The
pathogen survives for 120 days on the fallen leaves during off
season . The primary infection is through infected cuttings .
The disease reads through wind and rain splashes .
Epidemiology : High temperature and low humidity favour the
disease . Clean cultivation and strict sanitation in the orchard
help to reduce the dis
Management : 1 Clean cultivation and strict sanitation in the
orchard help to reduce the disease incidence . Spraying with
Bordeaux mixture 1.0 per cent controls the disease

SPOTING
1.khaira disease of rice – Rice tungro bacillus virus
2.Ergot of bajra - clarccepes fusiformis
3.Tikka disease of Groundnut – C.arachidicola
4.soyabean mosaic – soyabean mosaic virus (SMV)
5.wilt of guava – Fusarium oxysporum prasad
6.Panama disease of banana - Fusarium oxysporum
7.Bacterial blight of promoganet - Xanthomonas axonopodis
8.Early blight tomato – Altemaria solani
9.phomosis blight of brinjal – Phomopsis vexans
10.Coffe rust – hemileie vastatrix bert