NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

OSCILLATIONS
SYNOPSIS Ø The atoms of a solid vibrate about their mean
positions and convey temperature through the solid.
Periodic Motion: It is the motion that repeats Ex1: Projection of a particle performing uniform
in regular intervals of time. circular motion on any diameter.
Ex: 1) Motion of the planets around the sun Ex2: Oscillations of simple pendulum with small
2) Revolution of electrons around the nucleus amplitudes.
Ex3: Oscillations of loaded spring .
3) Rhythmic beat of a heart
Ex4: Vibrations of the prongs of a tuning fork.
4) Vibrations of a violin string producing musical Ex5: Oscillations of a liquid column in a U-tube
notes. etc.
Harmonic Motion: If the displacement of a Simple Harmonic Motion and
particle in periodic motion is expressed by harmonic Uniform Circular Motion:
functions like “sine” or “cosine”, such a motion is
Reference Circle: Projection of a particle
often called as Harmonic Motion. performing uniform circular motion on any diameter,
Oscillatory or Vibratory motion: It is serves as a mathematical model for SHM. Hence
the motion that repeats ‘‘to and fro’’ along the same the circle is known as “Reference circle”.
path, about the equilibrium (mean) position.
Y
Note: Every oscillatory motion is periodic, but all
periodic motions need not be oscillatory. Simple N P
harmonic motion is a special case of both periodic y A ω
and oscillatory motions. X′ O M X
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): x
A body is said to be in SHM, if it moves to and fro
along a straight line, about its mean position such
that, at any point its acceleration is directly Y′
proportional to its displacement from mean position Quantities characterise a SHM are :
in magnitude but opposite in direction and is directed
Displacement : It is the position(distance) of
always towards the mean position.
the particle executing SHM, measured along its
Conditions for a body to be in SHM: path from the mean position at any given instant. A
Ø The motion should be periodic and to and fro about particle executing uniform circular motion
a fixed point. ( ω =constant) on a circle of radius ‘A’, at any
Ø Acceleration and displacement should be always instant ‘t’, its projection ‘N’ on vertical axis has a
displacement y = A sin ( ωt ) and on horizontal axis
in opposite directions.
Ø The acceleration should always be directed towards
the fixed point. has a displacement x = A cos ( ωt )
Ø If ‘a’ is the acceleration of the body at any given Amplitude(A):
displacement ‘y’ from the mean position, then for Ø It is maximum displacement from mean position
the body in SHM, Ø If ‘s’ is span of SHM, amplitude A will be s/2. If the
a ∝ −y coordinates of extreme position of SHO are
SHM is one of basic concepts in (x 1, y 1, z 1 ) and (x 2, y 2, z 2 ) then mean position
physics: coordinates are
Ø Mechanical wave propagates due to the simple  x1 + x2 y1 + y2 z 1 + z 2 
 , ,  , and amplitude is
harmonic oscillations of the particles of the medium.  2 2 2 
Ø Vibrations of strings and air columns in musical
( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 ) + ( z 2 − z1 )
2 2 2
instruments are a result of superposition of simple A=
harmonic motions. 2
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 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

Time period (T): Phase Constant (or) Initial Phase (or)

Ø It is the time taken by the particle to complete one Epoch:
oscillation.
Ø The constant 'φ ' in the phase ω t ± φ , is called ini-
Ø If 'y' is the displacement of the particle
executing SHM at any time ‘t’, it will achieve the tial phase.
same position again for the first time if time is Ø This enables us to find the position from where time
is considered in SHM at t = 0.
  2π  2π
advanced by  ω  . i.e. t' = t +  ω  so that Ø If particle starts as shown, phase 'φ ' is
   
ωt
  2π   y
y ' = A sin ( ωt '± φ ) = A sin ω  t + ±φ φ
  ω   O

= A sin (ω t ± φ )
Note:1) If motion starts from mean position at t = 0 and
Ø In other words, the displacement repeats after a immediately moves towards +ve extreme position
2π 2π
time interval of
ω
so that T =
ω
then its displacement at any time ‘t’ is y = A sin ( ωt )
Frequency ( f ): 2) If motion starts from rest at the positive extreme
Ø The number of oscillations made by the vibrating position at t = 0. Then its displacement at any time
body in one second is known as frequency. ‘t’ is given by y = A cos ω t
1 3) Minimum time taken by SHO to get a displace-
Ø Reciprocal of time period is frequency. f =
T  2π 
Ø ment ‘y’ from mean position is y = A sin  t
The SI unit of frequency is hertz or (cycle / sec).  T 
Ø If T is time period of oscillation, ‘ f ’ is frequency
T −1  y 
of SHM. then t= sin  
2π  A
y 1 a
T = 2π ==> f = Minimum Time Taken to Move From
a 2π y
A T −1  A  T π T
where ‘ a’ is acceleration of SHM at a displacement y = 0 to y = is t = sin  = × =
‘ y’ from its mean position. 2 2π  2 A  2π 6 12
A T  A  Τ π T
y = 0 to y =
Phase : is t = 2π sin  = × =
−1

Ø The phase of an oscillating system at any instant is 2  2 A  2π 4 8

 
3 A t = T sin −1  3 A  = T × π = T
its state as regards its position and direction of
motion at that instant. y = 0 to y = is 2π  2 A  2π 3 6
2  
T −1   A T π T
ωt y = 0 to y = A is t = 2π sin  A  = 2π × 2 = 4
y  
φ y=
A T T T
to y = A is t = − =
O 2 4 12 6
A T T T
y= to y = A is t = − =
2 4 8 8
3A T T Τ
Displacement of SHO :- y= to y = A is t = − =
A 4 6 12
At any time t,displacement y = A sin ( ωt ± φ ) The T Τ T
y = − A to y = + A is t = + =
4 4 2
argument ( ωt ± φ ) of the above function is called
the phase of motion.

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
Note: If displacement of a particle moving along straight
y - t graph :- If y = A sin ( ωt ) then
y line is given by y = A sin2 ω t then it represents
SHM.
π or W.E-2:Which of the following functions of time
t = T/2 represent (a) simple harmonic (b) periodic but
t not simple harmonic and (c) non periodic
2π or
t=T motion? Give period for each case of periodic
motion ( ω is any positive constant)
2) 3cos ( π / 4 − 2ωt )
If y = A sin (ωt + φ ) then
1) Sin 3ωt
y 3) cos ωt + cos3ωt + cos5ωt
4) e −ω 2 t2 5) 1 + ωt + ω 2t 2
Sol : 1) Sin 3ωt is a periodic function but not simple
t harmonic because a ∝ − y condition is not satis-
2π
fied. Its time period is T =
Phase Difference : ω
Ø The difference in the phase angles of two particles 2) 3cos ( π / 4 − 2ωt ) = 3cos ( 2ωt − π / 4) it is
in SHM is known as phase difference between them.
2π π
Ø If the particles have a phase difference of π simple harmonic with a time period T = =
between them, they are said to be in opposite phase. 2ω ω
Ø If the particles have a phase difference of ‘0’ or 3) Cos ω t + cos3ω t + cos5ω t is a periodic func-
2 π between them, they are said to be in phase i.e tion but not simple harmonic. The time periods of
they are in same state of vibration. 2π 2π 2π
each periodic function are , and . Since
Ø The change in phase of SHO in a time interval ω 3ω 5ω
∆t is equals to ω∆t 2π
is the multiple of the other two periods. The
Ø The phase difference between two SHOs of ω
different frequency and different initial phase in the 2π
given function is periodic with time period
time ‘t’ is equal to (ω2 − ω1 ) t + (φ2 − φ1 ) ω
4) e − ω 2 2
t is not periodic as t increases e − ω 2 2
t de-
W.E-1:Which of the following functions of time
represents (a) simple harmonic motion and (b) creases and tends to zero as t → ∞
periodic motion? Give the period for each case. 5) 1 + ωt + ω 2t 2 is not periodic, as function in-
i) Sin ω t − cos ωt ii) Sin 2 ω t creases with time without repetition.
W.E-3:The displacement of a particle executing
 1 1 
Sol : i) Sin ω t − cos ωt = 2  2 Sin ω t − Cos ωt  periodic motion is given by
 2  t 
π π y = 4cos 2   sin (1000 t ) . Find independent
 2
= 2  Sin ωt cos − cos ω t sin 
 4 4 constituent SHO.
= 2sin ( ωt − π / 4 ) 2 t 
Sol : y = 4cos   sin (1000t )
This function represent a simple harmonic motion 2

having a period T =
2π
and a phase angle y = 2[1 + cos t ]sin1000 t Q2cos2 θ = (1+ cos2θ ) 
ω y = 2sin1000t + 2sin1000t cos t
( −π / 4 ) (
or 7π / 4 ) . y = 2sin1000 t + sin1001 t + sin999 t
1 − cos ( 2ωt ) 1 1  as 2sin A C o s B = Sin ( A + B ) + Sin ( A − B ) 
ii) Sin 2 ω t = = − cos ( 2 ω t )
2 2 2 ∴ The given expression is the resultant of three
The function is periodic having a period T = π / ω . independent simple harmonic oscillations
It is not SHM
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 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II
W.E-4:Two particles execute SHM of same W.E-7:A particle moves simple harmonically in a
amplitude and frequency on parallel lines. straight line starting from rest. In first ‘t’ sec
They cross each another when moving in it travels a distance ‘a’, and in next ‘t’ sec it
opposite directions each time their travels ‘2a’ in same direction. then its time
displacement is half their amplitude. Find period is? (JEE MAIN- 2014)
phase difference between them. Sol : In this problem
Sol :If we assume that the particles are initially at the
mean position, their equation for displacement. 2a 2
a = a, b = 2 a ⇒ A = = 2a
A 3a − 2a
x = Asin ωt But x = y = A cos ω t as it starts from rest
2
A 1  2π 
∴ = Asin ωt (or) sin ωt = A-a = 2 a cos  ×t 
2 2  T  ⇒ T = 6t
Phase = ωt = 30 ,150
0 0
Velocity of SHO : y = A sin ( ωt + φ )
( 0
)
Q sin (180 0 − θ ) = sin θ ;sin (1 8 00 − 30 0 ) = sin30 0
Velocity v =
dy
= Aω cos ( ωt + φ )
One of the particles has phase of 30 and the other dt
has phase of 1500 y2
2π v = A ω 1 − sin 2
( ω t + φ ) = A ω 1 −
A2
Phase difference between them = 1200 = radian
3
W.E-5:A particle executing SHM from extreme po- y2
sition towards centre is observed to be at dis- v = v max 1 − ; v = ω A2 − y 2 ,
A2
tances x1 , x2 and x3 from the centre at the end 2π A
of three successive seconds. The period of at Mean position v is maximum, vmax = Aω = at
SHM is. T
extreme position v is minimum, vmin = 0
Sol : x1 = Acos ω ; x2 = A cos2ω ; x3 = A cos3ω
v - t graph :If y = A sin ω t then v = Aω cos ωt
x1 + x3 = A[cos ω + cos3ω ] velocity
 A+ B   A− B
from, cos A+ cos B = 2cos 2 cos 2 
    v
Aω
x1 + x3 = A[ 2cos ω cos2ω ]
x1 + x3 x + x 
= cos ω ⇒ ω = cos −1  1 3  T/2 Time
2 x2  2 x2  0
T/4 3T/4
2π
T =
 x + x3 
cos − 1  1 
 2 x2  2 2 2
W.E-6:A particle executes SHM in a straight line. v - y graph : v = v max 1 − y ⇒ v + y = 1
In the first second starting from rest it travels A2 vmax2 A2
distance a and in the next second it travels so v - y graph is ellipse
distance b in the same direction.The ampli- v
tude of SHM is:
Sol : y = A cos ω t as it starts from rest Aω
A − a = A c o s ω in first second
A − ( a + b ) = A cos2ω in two seconds
A − ( a + b ) = A  2cos 2 ω − 1 y
-A +A
  A − a 2 
A − (a + b ) = A 2   − 1
  A  
2a2 - Aω
on solving A = 3 a − b

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
W.E-8 :The displacement of an object attached to W.E-12:Figure given below shows the displacement
a spring and executing simple harmonic versus time graph for two particles A and B
motion is given by x = 2 × 10 −2 cos ( π t ) m. The executing simple harmonic motions. Find the
ratio of their maximum velocities.
time at which the maximum speed first occurs
is: (AIEEE 2007) Y
Sol: Given displacement x = 2 ×10 cos ( π t ) Velocity,,
−2 10
A B
y(cm) 5
dx
v = = −2×10−2π sin( πt )
24
0
dt 2 6 10 14 18 22 t(s)
-5
For the first time when v = vmax ,sin π t = 1 or
10
π π
sin π t = sin ⇒π t = or t = 0.5s Sol : For A, time period TA = 16s, amplitude AA = 10cm
2 2
For B, time period TB= 24s, amplitude AB= 5cm
W.E-9:A particle is vibrating in SHM. If its veloci- Ratio of maximum velocities
ties are v1 and v2 when the displacements from Aw
= A A = A B = 10 ´ 24 = 3
VA AT
the mean position are y1 and y2 respectively,
then find its amplitude and time period . VB ABw B ABTA 5´16 1
dv
Sol: v1 = ω A 2 − y12 ; v 2 = ω A2 − y22 to find Acceleration of SHO : - a =
dt
amplitude
2 2 2
If y = A sin ( ωt + φ ) , then v = Aω cos ( ωt + φ )
A − y1 2 2 2 2
v1 v1 y2 − v 2 y1
2
= ⇒ A= a = − Aω 2 sin ( ωt + φ ) ⇒ a = −ω 2 y
v A2 − y 2 v2 − v 2
2 2 1 2
to find time period a max = Aω 2 (at extreme positions)
y22 − y12 a min = 0 (at mean position)
V12 − v 22 = ω 2 ( y2 2 − y1 2 ) ⇒ T = 2π Note :- Second order differential equation representing
v12 − v 22
d2y
W.E-10:A particle is executing SHM. It passes SHM is +ω2y = 0
dt 2
through mean position at the instant t = 0. At
what instants the speed of it is 50% of its maxi- 1) a - t graph : If y = A sin ω t , a = − Aω 2 sin ωt
mum speed ?
vmax  2π  a
Sol: v = vmax cos ( ωt ) ⇒ = v max cos  t Aω2
T
2  T 
T  1 4
t= cos − 1  ±  0 t
2π  2 T 3T T
W.E-11:Figure shows the graph of velocity versus 2 4
-Aω2
displacement of a particle executing simple
harmonic motion. Find the period of Acceleration - Time curve
oscillation of the particle. 2) a - y graph : a = −ω 2 y It is a straight line
v (ms-1) through origin
0.6 a
Aω2
-10 O 10 x(cm)
A
y
-0.6 -A
Sol : xmax = A=10 cm and vmax = ωA = 0.6ms−1
= 6r a d s−1 ; T = 2π = 2π = π s
v max 0.6 -Aω2
∴ω= =
x max 0.1 ω 6 3

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 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II
Ø Slope of a - y graph gives square of angular 2π
frequency ( ω 2 ) Sol: Given T = , v = bω 3 at x=b
ω
3) a - v graph :- a 2 = ω 4 y 2 From
Substituting in v = ω A2 − x 2 ,
2  y  2 2 2
y v
v 2 = vmax 1 − 2  ⇒ 2 = 1 − 2 we get bω 3 = ω A2 − b 2
 A  A vmax
 v2  Squaring, 3b 2ω 2 = ω 2 ( A 2 − b 2 )
a 2 = ω 4 A2 1 − 2 
 vmax  3b 2 = A2 − b2 , 4b 2 = A 2 ⇒ A = ± 2b
2  v2  a2 v2 The time taken (t) to travel from the mean
a 2 = a max  1 − 2 
⇒ 2
+ 2
=1 position to a distance b can be found form
 v max  a max v max
So a - v graph is ellipse x = ASin ωt We have, x = b ; A = 2b
a
1 π π
∴ b = 2b sin ω t , sin ω t = ; ωt = ⇒ t =
amax
2 6 6ω
∴ Further time taken to reach extreme position
v
vmax
T π 2π π π
= − = − =
4 6ω 4ω 6ω 3ω
Note: In SHM phase difference between It will momentarily come to rest when it
reaches the positive extreme position.
π
a) displacement and velocity is radian Further distance travelled = A − b = 2b − b = b
2
b) displacement and acceleration is π radian W.E-15 : Two particles are executing simple
3π π harmonic motion with same amplitude A
c) velocity and acceleration is or radian and frequency ω along the x-axis. Their
2 2
W.E-13: The particle is moving such that its dis- mean positions are separated by
placement along x-axis as a function of time distance x0 ( x0 > A) . If maximum
is given by x ( x − 6 ) = 1 −10cos ωt . Find am-
plitude, time period and mean position. separation between them is x0 + A . The
Sol : x ( x − 6 ) = 1 − 10cos ω t By adding 9 on both sides phase difference between their motion is
[JEE-MAIN 2011]
x 2 − 6 x + 9 = 10 − 10cos ω t

Sol : x1 = A sin ωt , x2 = A sin ( ωt + θ ) + x0
 ωt  
( x − 3) = 1 0[1 − cos ωt ] = 5 sin 2   
2

  2  x2 − x1 = x0 + A ( sin ( ωt + θ ) − sin ( ωt ) )
ωt 
( x − 3 ) = 5 s i n  
 2  θ   θ
x2 − x1 = x 0 + 2 Asin   cos  ωt + 
So motion of particle is SHM with A = 5 units , 2  2
4π The distance between the two SHMs is also
T= units & mean position is at x = 3 units.
ω oscillating simple harmonically with an
W.E-14 : A particle performs linear SHM of pe-
θ 
2π amplitude of x0 + 2 A sin   .
riod about a center ‘O’ and is observed to  2
ω
have a velocity bω 3 when at a distance b maximum distance between two SHM is x0 + A
from ‘O’. If the particle is moving towards
θ 
the positive extremity at that instant, show that from the above x0 + 2 A sin   = x0 + A
it will travel a further distance b in a time 2
π
before coming momentarily to rest. θ  1 π
3ω sin   = , θ =
2 2 3

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W.E-16: A particle executes SHM represented by W.E-19: If x, v and a denote the displacement,
 π
the equation, y=0.02sin  3 . 1 4 t + 
m. velocity and acceleration of a particle
2
Find (i) amplitude (ii) time period executing simple harmonic motion of time
(iii) frequency (iv) epoch (v) maximum period T, then, which of the following does
velocity and (vi) maximum acceleration. not change with time. (AIEEE 2009)
æ pö
Sol : Compare the equation y=0.02sin çççè 3.14t + 2 ÷÷÷ø
aT
1) a 2T 2 + 4p 2 v 2 2)
x
with the general form of the equation,
y = A sin (wt + f )
aT
3) aT + 2pv 4)
i) Amplitude A = 0.02m v
ii) Time period is given by Sol: By verification
2p 2p aT ω 2 xT 4π 2 4π 2
T= or T= = 2s = = 2 ×T = = constant.
w 3.14 x x T T
1 1
iii) Frequency f = = Hz = 0.5Hz aT
T 2 i.e., quantity does not change w.r.t. time.
x
p 3.14
iv) Epoch f = = = 1.57 rad Restoring force :-
2 2
v) Maximum velocity The resultant force which always acts towards the
vmax = Aw = 0.02 ´3.14 = 0.0628 ms –1 mean position, opposite in direction to the displace-
vi) Maximum acceleration ment and directly proportional to displacement is
called restoring force.
amax= Aw 2 = 0.02 ´ (3.14 ) = 0.197 ms –2
2

W.E-17: A body executes SHM, such that its Force law :- F α − x ⇒ F = −K x here ‘K’
velocity at the mean position is 1 ms-1 and is called force constant
acceleration at extreme position is 1.57ms-2.
As F = −mω2 x K
Calculate the amplitude and the time period ⇒ K = mω 2 ⇒ ω =
of oscillation. m
amax Aw2 1.57
Sol : = = Þ w = 1.57rad T = 2π
m
vmax Aw 1 K
2p 2 (3.14 ) Ø
\ Time period T = = = 4 s. A body of mass ‘m’ is placed on a balance which
1.57 1.57 is present on horizontal platform executing SHM
1
but Aw = 1 i.e., A(1.57) = 1 or A =
in vertical plane with amplitude A and period T.
1.57
\ Amplitude A = 0.637 m. extreme position
W.E-18: A point mass oscillates along the x-axis
a
π y
according to the law x = x0 cos(ω t − ) . If the mean position
4
acceleration of the particle is written as
a = A cos (ω t + δ ) then the value is? extreme position
(AIEEE-07) a) When the displacement of platform is ‘y’ above the
dx  π  mean position then the reading of balance is
Sol. Velocity v = d t = − x 0 ω s i n  ω t − 4 
 
dv  π  R1 = m  g − ω 2 y  Q mg − R1 = ma , So R1 is
Acceleration a = d t = − x 0ω 2 c o s  ω t − 4 
 3π 
  2
(
m inim um wheny = A ( R1 ) min = m g − ω A )
a = x 0ω 2 c o s  ω t +
4 
.......(1) b) When the displacement of platform is ‘y’ below

Given that a = A cos ( ωt + δ ) .........(2) mean position then reading of balance is
R2 = m  g + ω 2 y  and ( R2 ) max = m [ g + ω A ]
2
3π
from (1) & (2), A = x 0ω 2 , δ =
4
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 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II
c) Condition for the body to lose contact with plat- Sol: The slope of the graph
form is F −0.5
= = = −0.1Ncm−1 = −10Nm−1 ; But F = − mω 2 x
( R1 ) min = 0 ⇒ mg −ω A = 0 ⇒ g = ω
2 2
A x 5
F
g g or = −mω 2 so − mω 2 = −10 or m ω 2 = 10 or
when ‘A’ is given ⇒ ω = ⇒ ω = x
2

A A 10 10 10 ω 5
For body not to loose contact ω2 = ,∴ω2 = −1
⇒ω= = 5, ∴f = = s−1
m 4×10 2 2π 2π
g A W.E-21:When a particle is performing SHM of time
ωmax = ; Tmin = 2π When ' ω ' is given period T1 the force acting on it is F1 for a
A g certain displacement. When the same particle
g g is performing SHM of time period T 2 the force
A < 2 , Amax = 2 acting is F2 for the same displacement. What
ω ω will be the time period of the particle when a
Ø A body is present on a rough horizontal platform combined force of F 1 and F 2 produce the same
displacement in SHM in different cases ?
which is executing SHM with an amplitude A and Sol: The force acting on a particle performing SHM is
period T. If the coefficient of friction between  2π 
2

F = −mω x =
2 − m  T  x.
platform and body is ' µ ' then the condition for no  
2
sliding of body on the platform is  2π 
When force is F1 , T = T1 ∴ F1 = − m  T  x
 1 
extreme mean extreme  2π 
2

position position position When force is F2 , T = T2 ∴ F2 = − m  T  x

 2 
mamax ≤ µmg ⇒ amax ≤ µ g i.e ω 2 A ≤ µ g Case i : When force is F1 + F2 , T = T
When ω is given then 2π 
2

∴ F1 + F2 = − m   x.
µg µg µg µ gT 2  T 
A ≤ 2 ⇒ Amax = 2 = 2 2 =
ω ω 4π f 4π 2 Substituting the values of F1 and F2 from the
When ‘A’ is given then above, we get,
2 2
 2π   2π 
2
µg µg  2π 
ω≤ ⇒ ωmax = −m  x −m   x = −m   x
 T1   T2   T 
A A
1 1 1 T1T 2
1 µg A ⇒ 2 = + ⇒ T =
f max = ; Tmin = 2π T T12 T 22 T1 2 + T 22
2π A µg Case ii : In the above case if forces are acting
W.E-20 : Figure shows the variation of force acting simultaneously in opposite direction, F1 − F2 = F
then time period of particle is given by
on a particle of mass 400 g executing simple 2 2
 2π   2π 
2
 2π 
harmonic motion. Find the frequency of −m  x +m   x = −m   x
 T1   T2   T 
oscillation of the particle.
1 1 1 ⇒ T = T1T2
F (N) = −
T22 − T12
2.0 2 2 2
T T1 T2
1.5 Case iii : In the above case, if forces are acting
1.0 perpendicular to each other and acting simulta-
0.5 neously on the particle, then
2 2
1  1  1 
-20 -15 -10 -5 5 10 15 20 x(cm)
F= F +F 2 2
⇒ =  2 +  2 
-0.5 2
 T1   T2 
1 2
T
-1.0 1
-1.5 1 1 1
= 4+ 4  T 4T 4  4
-2.0 4 ∴ T =  41 2 4 
T T1 T2  T1 + T 2 
8
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 3A T T 3U

Potential Energy( PE or U ) : The work done Ø At x = (or ) t = , ; U = max
2 3 6 4
to displace simple harmonic oscillator is stored in PE PE PE
the form of Potential energy.
Ø If a body is displaced through ‘x’ from mean
position then
x x
Umin
U = ∫ dW = ∫ Kxdx
0 0
x x=x0 x=-x0
1 2 1 1 (a) (b) (c)
= Kx = mω2 x 2 = mω2 A2 sin 2 ωt Ø In figure (a) oscillations will take place about mean
2 2 2
Where m - mass of the particle ω - angular velocity position x = 0 and minimum value of PE at mean
x - displacement from mean position at any instant ‘t’. position is zero.
Ø The reference PE of the SHO can be taken as zero Ø In figure (b) mean position is at x = +x 0 and
at the mean position. (Umin= 0) PE of the SHO is minimum value of PE in this position is not zero.
maximum at the extreme position. Ø In figure (c) mean position is at x = - x 0 and minimum
 value of PE in this position is zero.
1 2 2
 U max = mω A  Kinetic Energy ( KE ) :
 2 
Ø 1 1
If minimum of U is not zero then KE = m v 2 = mω 2 (A 2 − x 2 )
1 2 2
U max = U min + mω 2 A2
1
2 = mω 2 A2 cos 2 ω t
Ø Potential energy versus time equation can be 2
written as Since v = ω A2 − x 2 , v = A ω c o s ω t
1 Ø KE of the SHO is zero at the extreme position.
U= mω2 A2 sin 2 (ω t )
2 KEmin = 0
1 Ø KE of the SHO is maximum at the mean position.
U= mA2ω 2 1 − cos2( ωt + φ )  1
4 KEmax = mω 2 A2
Ø This function is periodic with angular frequency 2 ω . 2
Thus U in SHM is also periodic with double the KEmax + KEmin 1
Ø KEavg = = mω 2 A2
frequency to that of displacement, velocity and 2 4
acceleration. But these oscillations of U are not Ø KE versus time equation can also be written as
1
d 2 (U ) KE = mA2ω 2 1 + cos2 (ω t + φ )
simple harmonic in nature, as 2 is not 4
dt Ø This function is also periodic with angular frequency
proportional to - U 2 ω . Thus KE in SHM is also periodic with double
the frequency than that of displacement, velocity
1 1
But U − mA ω = − mA ω cos2( ωt + φ ) =U0
2 2 2 2
Ø and acceleration. But these oscillations of KE are
4 4
d 2 ( KE )
here U0 is simply a cosine function of time. So U0 not simple harmonic in nature, as 2 is not
will oscillate simple harmonically with angular dt
proportional to - KE
frequency 2 ω .
1 1
Ø Time period of variation of Potential energy of Ø But KE − mA ω = mA ω cos2(ω t + φ ) = K0
2 2 2 2

oscillator = T/2 4 4
where K 0 is simply a cosine function of time. So K0
A T 3T Umax will oscillate simple harmonically with angular
Ø At x = (or ) t = , ; U = frequency 2 ω .
2 8 8 2
Ø Time period of variation of Kinetic energy of
oscillator = T/2

9
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

A T 3T KEmax W.E-23: A particle of mass 1 kg is executing SHM

Ø At x = (or ) t = , ; KE = with an amplitude of 1m and time period π s.
2 8 8 2
Calculate kinetic energy of the particle at the
3A T T KEmax moment when the displacement is 0.8m .
Ø At x = (or ) t = , ; KE =
2 3 6 4 2π 2π
Total energy (TE ): The total mechanical energy Sol : ω = T = π = 2s
of SHO is given by TE = PE + KE
We have, v = ω A2 − x 2
TE= mω x + m ω ( A − x )
1 2 2 1 2 2 2
v = 2 (1 ) − ( 0.8 ) = 2 × 0.6 = 1.2 m / s
2 2
2 2
1 1 1
TE = mω A is constant and is independent of Kinetic energy = m v 2 = × 1 × (1.2 ) = 0.72 J
2 2 2

2 2 2
displacement ‘x’ W.E-24:A particle of mass 10 g executes a linear
Ø If U0 is the PE of SHO at its mean position, then SHM of amplitude 5 cm with a period of 2s.
1
total energy TE = mω 2 A2 + U 0 1
2 Find the PE and KE, s after crossing the
Energy Displacement Curve : 6
E
mean position.
TE
Sol : Given m =10g =10−2 kg , T =2s,
K.E
Y
2π 2π
ω= = = π rad / s
P.E T 2
1
x=-A x=0 x=A A=5cm = 5 × 10−2 m ; KE = 2 mA2ω 2 cos2 ω t
Ø At mean position KE is maximum and PE is
minimum (Minimum value of PE may or may not π
s , KE = ×10−2 × ( 5×10−2 ) ( π2 ) cos2
1 1 2
be zero) At t =
6 2 6
Ø At extreme position KE is minimum (always zero)
and PE is maximum 2
25 ×10 −6  3
x =
A = × π 2 ×   = 9.25 ×10−5 J
Ø KE = PE at a displacement from mean
2 2  2 
position.
1
Ø KE = 3 (PE) at a displacement x =
A
from mean PE = mA2ω 2 sin 2 ω t
2 2
position.
π
= × 10−2 × ( 5 ×10 −2 ) π 2 sin2
1 2
Ø If ‘f ’ is the frequency of oscillation of SHM , then
its PE & KE varies with a frequency 2f. 2 6
W.E-22:A linear harmonic oscillator of force con-
25 × 10 −6
2
1
stant 2 ×106 Nm −1 and amplitude 0.01 m has a = × π 2
×  2  = 3.085×10−5 J
total mechanical energy of 160J. Then find
2  
maximum and minimum values of PE and KE. W.E-25 : A particle of mass 0.1kg executes SHM
1
Sol :K.Emax= KA 2 =
1
× 2 × 10 6 × ( 0.01) = 100 J
2 under a force F = −10 x ( N ) . Speed of particle
2 2 at mean position is 6 m/s. Find its amplitude
Since total energy is 160J. Maximum P.E is 160 J.
From this it is understood that at the mean position of oscillation.
potential energy of the simple harmonic oscillator is Sol: From conservation of mechanical energy.
minimum which need not be zero. 1 1 m 0.1 6
PEmin = TE − KEmax = 160 −100 = 60 J KA 2 = mv 2 or A = v =6 = = 0.6m
2 2 K 10 10
KEmin = 0

10
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
W.E-26: When a particle is performing linear SHM W.E-29: The displacement of two identical particles
its KE is two times its PE at a position A and executing SHM are represented by equations
π
x1 = 4sin  10t +  & x2 = 5cos ( ωt ) For what
its PE is two times its KE at another position 
B. Find ratio of KEA to KEB  6
Sol: TEA = KEA + PE A value of w , energy of both the particles is
same. ( EAM- 2010)
But KEA = 2PEA ,
1
Sol: E = mA w ; E1 = E2 ⇒ A1w1 = A2w2
2 2
1
TEA =KEA +
3
KEA = KEA . 2
2 2 4 ´10 = 5´w ; w = 8 unit
Similarly, TEB = KEB + PEB. W.E-30:A particle of mass ‘m’ is executing oscilla-
But PEB = 2KEB tions about the origin on the x -axis. Its PE
varies with position as U ( x ) = K x , here
3
TEB = KEB + 2 KEB = 3 KEB.
By the principle of conservation of energy K is constant. The amplitude of oscillation is
3 ‘a’, then how does its time period T vary with
TEA = TEB, KEA = 3 KEB amplitude.
2 1
KEA 2 Sol : U ( x ) = K x
3
, but U = mA 2ω 2 sin 2 ωt
= 2
KEB 1 1
ma 2ω 2 ∝ Ka 3 ⇒ ω ∝ a and T ∝ a
W.E-27: The potential energy of a harmonic
oscillator of mass 2 kg at its mean position is W.E-31: An object of mass 4 kg is moving along x-
axis and its potential energy as a function of
5J. If its total energy is 9J and its amplitude is
0.01m, find its time period x varies as U ( x ) = 4 (1 − c o s 2 x ) J then time
period for small oscillation is :
1 2
Sol : KEmax = TE − PEmin Þ KA = (9 –5 ) =4J, Sol : F = − dU = − d [ 4 − 4cos2x ]
2
dx dx
K =
8
= 8 ´ 10 4 N/m = +4 ( 2 )( − sin2x ) = −8sin2x
( 0.01)
2
here ‘x’ is small ∴sin2 x = 2 x
So F = −16x ⇒ mω2 = 16 ⇒ 4ω2 = 16
m 2 p
T = 2p = 2p = s ⇒ ω = 2 ⇒ T = 2π / ω = π seconds
K 8´10 4
100 W.E-32:The displacement of SHO is ,
W.E 28 : An object of mass 0.2 kg executes simple y = 6sin ( π t + π / 3 ) find 1) Instants at which
harmonic oscillations along the x- axis with PE is minimum (or)KE is maximum. 2) In-
25 stants at which PE is maximum (or) KE is
a frequency Hz . At position x = 0.04m, minimum.
p Sol : PE is minimum (or) KE is maximum when SHO
the object has kinetic energy 0.5J and is at mean position. i.e., y = 0
potential energy is zero at mean position. Find y = 0 = 6sin (π t + π / 3)
its amplitude of vibration.  1
⇒ π  t +  = nπ here n = 1,2,3 ........
1 1 −4  3
Sol : U = mω x = × 0.2 ×50 ×16 ×10 = 0.4 J
2 2 2

2 2 1
t =n−
3
Total energy of oscillation is (0.5+0.4) = 0.9 J PE is maximum (or) KE is minimum at y = ± A

1 When y = ± 6 i.e sin ( π t + π / 3 ) = ±1

\ 0.9 = KA 2 (or) A = 1.8
=
1.8
 π π
mw 2  π t + 3  = ( 2n + 1) 2 here n = 0, 1,2,3 .....
2 K
 
1 1.8 1 1.8 3 1 2n + 1
A = w 0.2 = æ 25 ö 0.2 = 50 = 0.06 m t+ =
1 1
(s) , t = n + − (s)
2p çç ÷÷÷ 3 2 2 3
èç p ø
11
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

W.E-33:A particle of mass m executes SHM with

amplitude ‘a’ and frequency ‘ ν ’. The average
kinetic energy during motion from the position
of equilibrium to the end is: (AIEEE 2007) K
1) 2π 2 ma 2v 2 2) π 2ma 2v 2
1
3) ma 2 v2 4) 4π 2 ma 2v 2 M
4
K .Emax + K .Emin
Sol : K .Eavg =
2
1 1
= K .Emax = mω 2a 2
2 4
1
= m ( 2πν ) a 2 = π 2 ma 2ν 2
2

4
Some Systems Executing Simple K
Harmonic Motion
Ø Oscillations Due to a Spring :
In the case of a spring mass system, the restoring
force ‘F’ acting on the mass when displaced from
its mean position by ‘x’ is F = -Kx, where K is M
spring constant (or) force constant (or) stiffness
constant.
Ø Spring constant is large for a stiff spring and small
for a soft spring. Ø On moon time period of spring mass system is same
Ø The time period T when body of mass M is pulled as time period on earth.
and released in a spring body system is Ø A block of mass M is attached to a spring of mass
m and force constant K. The time period of
M
T = 2π in all the following cases oscillation of the spring block system is
K
T is independent of g in spring mass system. M + m 
 3 
T = 2π 
K
Ø For a spring the force constant is inversely
1
K M proportional to its length. i.e, K ∝
l
⇒ Kl = constant ⇒ K1l1 = K 2l2
K
Ø When a spring of force constant K is cut into two
M parts of lengths l1 and l2 having force constants K1
and K2 then K ( l1 + l2 ) = K1l1 = K 2 l2 ;
K ( l1 + l2 ) K ( l1 + l2 )
K1 = ; K2 =
l1 l2
Ø When a spring is cut into n equal parts then force
constant of each part is nK.
12
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
-1
Ø When two springs of force constants K1 and K2 W.E-35: A spring of force constant 1200 Nm is
respectively are connected in series then effective mounted on a horizontal table as shown in
force constant K is related as Fig. A mass of 3kg is attached to the free end
K1 K2 of the spring, pulled side ways to a distance
2cm and released. Determine
m (a) the frequency of oscillation of the mass.
(b) the maximum acceleration of the mass.
(c) the maximum speed of the mass.
1 1 1
Series combination K = K + K
S 1 2 K
Ø When two springs of force constants K1 and
m
K2 respectively are connected in parallel then
effective force constant K is related as Sol :
K1
K = 1200N m −1 ; m = 3 kg A = 2 cm = 0.02 m
m (a) Frequency,
K2 1 K 1 1200
K1 K2 f = = = 3.2 Hz
2π m 6.28 3

m (b) Acceleration a = ω 2 y = K y Acceleration will

m
be maximum when y is maximum i.e. y = A
Parallel combination of springs KP =K 1 + K 2
Ø A spring of force constant K1 attached to a mass ∴ Max.acceleration,
‘m’ oscillates with a time period of T1 and another KA 1200 × 0.02
amax = = = 8ms −2
spring of force constant K2 attached to same mass m 3
(c)Maximum speed of the mass will be when it is
‘m’ oscillates with time period of T2
passing through the mean position, given by
Ø for series combination of springs with same
K 1200
mass m, its period of oscillation is TS = T12 + T22 Vmax = A ω = A = 0.02× = 0.4ms −1
m 3
Ø for parallel combination of springs with same
W.E-36: A light vertical spring is stretched by 0.2
TT
mass m its period of oscillation is , TP = T 2 + T 2
1 2 cm when a weight of 10 g is attached to its
1 2
free end. The weight is further pulled down
W.E-34 : A block of mass ‘m’ is attached to the light by 1cm and released. Compute the frequency
spring of force constant K and released when and maximum velocity of load.
it is in its natural length. Find amplitude of Sol : i) Force constant of the spring
subsequent oscillations. Restoring Force mg
K= =
1 2
Sol :From conservation of energy mgx = Kx Increase in length Increase in length
2
The maximum displacement of the spring in 10− 2 x9.8
= −3
= 49 Nm−1
2mg 2x10
subsequent motion will be
K 1 K 1 49 35
From F = Kx, mg=Kx The equilibrium position of Frequency f = = −2
= Hz
2π m 2π 10 π
mg
the system will occur at the extension of ii) amplitude of motion(A) = distance through which
K the weight is further pulled down = 1cm
2mg mg mg
∴ amplitude = – = Vmax = Aω = 10−2 m x70rads−1 = 0.7ms −1
K K K
13
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

W.E-37: A mass m = 8kg is attached to a spring W.E-40: A body of mass 1kg is suspended from a
passing over a pulley whose other end is fixed weightless spring having force constant 600N/
to ground and held in position so that the m . Another body of mass 0.5 kg moving
spring remains unstretched. The spring vertically upwards hits the suspended body
constant is 200 N/m. The mass m is then with a velocity of 3 m/s and gets embedded in
released and begins to undergo small it.Find amplitude of oscillation.
oscillations. Find maximum velocity of mass Sol : By conservation of linear momentum in the collision
Sol :Mean position will be at Kx =mg mv = ( m+ M) V
mv 0.5 × 3
mg 8´10 2 ⇒V= = =1m/s
or x = = = = 0.4m This is also the m + M (1 + 0.5)
K 200 5 Now just after collision the system will have
amplitude of oscillation A= 0.4m
1
KE = (m+M) V2 at equilibrium position .
= (0.4)
K 200
Vmax = Aw = A = 2m / s 2
m 8 So after collision by conservation of mechanical
W.E-38:Frequency of a particle executing SHM is energy K Emax = PEmax
10Hz .The particle is suspended from a vertical 1 1
spring. At the highest point of its oscillation ( m + M )V 2 = KA2
2 2
the spring is unstretched. Find the maximum
speed of the particle:(g=10m/s2 )  m+ M  1.5 1
⇒ A=V   =1 = m = 5cm
Sol : Mean position of the particle is
mg
distance below  K  600 20
K
W.E-41: Two particles A and B of masses ‘m’ and
unstretched position of spring. Therefore, amplitude ‘2m’ are suspended from massless springs of
of oscillation is
force constants K1 and K2 . During their
mg K
A= w= = 2p f = 20p oscillation if maximum speeds are equal then
K m ratio of their amplitudes is ( EAM 2013)
m 1 g
\ = 2 , A= 2 K
K w w Sol : Vmax = Aω = A =constant
m
Therefore, the maximum speed of particle will be
g g 1 A1 m1K2 K2
Vmax = Aw = ´w = = m/ s = =
w 2
w 2p A2 m2 K 1 2 K1
W.E-39: A 15gm ball is shot from a spring gun W.E-42: A block is kept on a rough horizontal
whose spring has a force constant 600 N/m . plank. The coefficient of friction between
The spring is compressed by 5cm. The greatest block and plank is 1/2 . Plank is undergoing
possible horizontal range of the ball for this SHM of angular frequency 10 rad/s.Find the
compression is (g = 10 m/s2) maximum amplitude of plank in which the
2
u block does not slip over plank ( g = 10 m/s2 ).
R
Sol : max =
g –– (1) Sol: Maximum acceleration in SHM is amax = w2 A
But K.E acquired by ball = P.E of spring gun this will be provided to the block by friction . Hence,
1 1 Kx 2 amax = m g or w 2 A = mg
mu 2 = Kx 2 ⇒ u2 = –– (2)
2 2
æ 1 ö÷
m
çç ÷ (10)
çè 2÷ø
From equations (1) and (2)
mg
or A = = = 0.05m = 5 cm
Kx 2 600 × ( 5 × 10 )
−2 2
w2 (10)
2

Rmax = = = 10 m
mg 15 × 10− 3 ×10
14
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
W.E-43: A mass M attached to a horizontal spring
executes SHM with an amplitude A1 . When Sol: Reduced mass of the system
mass M passes through its mean position a
 mM 
smaller mass m is placed over it and both of 1) µ =  m + M 
them move together with amplitude A 2 . Ratio  
 A1 
of  A  is: (AIEEE 2011) µ mM
 2 ∴ T1 = 2π = 2π
K ( m +M )K
M (m + M ) mm m
Sol : T1 = 2π , T2 = 2π 2) µ = = and Ke = K + K = 2K
k k m+m 2
Using, law of conservation of linear momentum
MV1 = ( m +M )V 2 µ m
∴ T2 = 2π = 2π
M ( A1ω1 ) = ( m + M )( A2ω2 ) Ke 4K
W.E-45: A block of mass m is connected to three
A1 ( m + M ) ω2 ( m + M ) T1 springs as shown in Fig. The block is displaced
= = ×
A2 M ω1 M T2 down slightly and left free, it starts oscillat-
ing. Find time period of oscillations.
A1 m+ M
= . Sol : Let block is displaced down slightly (y) from its
A2 M mean position. The extension of the side springs
Coupled Oscillator : y ' = y cos θ each. Thus restoring force on the
A system of two bodies connected by a spring so
block
that both are free to oscillate simple harmonically
along the length of the spring constitutes a coupled Frest = − ( 2k1 y ' cos θ + k 2 y )
oscillator.
= −  −2k1 ( y cos θ ) cos θ + k 2 y 
m1 m2
l0 = ( 2k1 cos 2 θ + k2 ) ( − y )
kx -kx
m1 m2
x
x1 k1 θθ k1
x2 θθ
m
θθ y
For coupled oscillator y′
k2 y′
ω=
K 2π µ µ = m1 m2
and T = = 2π ,
µ ω K m1 + m2 (a) ′ ycos θ
(b) y=
Thus two - body oscillator is equivalent to a single
body oscillator with a reduced mass µ . and a =
(2 k cos θ + k ) ( − y )
1
2
2

W.E-44: Find the period of the oscillations of the m

devices shown in figure if m is displaced Comparing with standard equation of SHM, we
slightly. get
k
2k1 cos 2 θ + k 2
ω=
Am mB m
m m
and T = 2π
M

k
(2 k1 cos 2 θ + k 2 )
(a)
(b)
15
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

Show In Pure Rolling : Ø The radial acceleration is provided by the net radial
Ø A body of radius ‘r’ and mass ‘m’ rolls on a curved force T − mg cos θ . It acts along the length of the
path of radius ‘R’ as shown in the figure. When it is string.
displaced slightly and left free to itself it oscillates. Ø The tangential acceleration is provided by
While oscillating it rolls without slipping. In this case mg sin θ . It acts along the tangent to arc.
time period of oscillation. Ø The tension in the string at any position is given by
m v2
R T = m g cos θ +
l
Ø It executes angular SHM with angular displacement
at any time ‘t’ given by θ = θ max sin(ωt ± φ )

l
Time period of a simple pendulum T = 2 π
r
Ø for
g

T = 2π
( R − r )(1 + β ) small amplitudes
Ø If the angular amplitude of the pendulum is not small
g
then
k2 l  1 2  θm  1 32 4  θm  
where β = 2 , is rolling factor. Where k is T = 2π 1+ 2 sin   + 2 2 sin   + ......
r 
g 2  2 2 4 2 
radius of gyration about centre of mass.
Note: In the above case if curved surface is friction less Law of length
Ø T ∝ l (when g is constant)
( R −r)
then T = 2π Ø If a boy sitting in a swing stands up, as centre of
g mass raises up, distance to the centre of mass
Ø A body shown in the figure has mass ‘m’ and ra- decreases and hence period of swing decreases.
dius R can roll without sliding on a horizontal sur- Ø The bob of a pendulum is made hollow and filled
face. The period of its small oscillation with water, if water is drained out slowly centre of
mass shifts down, and then rises to its original
m (1 + β )
T = 2π position. Hence time period first increases and
K attains its original value when water is completely
drained out.
Ø If the pendulum of a clock is made of metal, it runs
slow during summer and fast during winter due to
thermal expansion or contraction.
Ø If the length of the pendulum is comparable to the
radius of earth then
Simple Pendulum : 1
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| T = 2π
1 1 
g + 
Rigid l R
Support θ L
L where R= radius of earth,
T
m l = length of the pendulum
Ø In case of pendulum of infinite length ( l = ∞ ) ,the
m mg cosθ
θ
sin

R
mg time period T = 2π g ; 84.6min ; 1.4hr
g
m

(a) (b)

16
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
Ø If the length of the pendulum is equal to radius of Ø When the elevator is at rest or moving up or down
R
with constant velocity then the time period is given
the earth, then its time period is T = 2π 2 g ; 1hr L 1 g
by T = 2π g and f = 2π L
Ø When two simple pendulums of lengths l s and lL
Ø In case of downward accelerated motion if a > g
are set into vibration in the same direction at the the pendulum turns upside and oscillates about the
same instant with same phase, again they will be in
same phase after the shorter pendulum has L
highest point with time period T = 2π a − g .
completed n oscillations. To find the value of n
Ø
n Ts = ( n −1) TL and T α l If a simple pendulum of length 'L' suspended in a
car travelling with a constant speed around a circle
of radius 'r', Then its time period is
n T n l
∴ = L or = L T = 2π
L
n − 1 Ts n −1 lS 2
2 v 
2
L= longer, S=shorter g +  

Law of gravity  r 
Ø If a simple pendulum of length 'L' suspended in a
1
Ø Tα car moving horizontally with an acceleration 'a' then
g (when ‘l’ is constant) its time period is
Ø When a pendulum clock is taken from the earth to L
moon, the time period increases (as g is less on T = 2π
g + (a )2
2
moon). Hence it makes less number
of oscillations and looses time or moves slow. The equilibrium position is inclined to the vertical
Ø When a pendulum clock is taken from equator to −1  a
the poles, the time period decreases. Hence it makes by an angle ' θ' . where θ = tan  g 
 
more oscillations,gains time & moves fast. Ø If a simple pendulum of length L is suspended from
Ø If point of suspension of pendulum is having an ac- the ceiling of a car which is sliding without friction
celeration ‘a’w.r.t. ground, at an angle α with hori- on an inclined plane of inclination ' θ' . Then the time
zontal then time period of pendulum
L
l period of oscillation is given by T = 2π g cosθ
is T = 2π
( a cos α ) + ( g + a sin α )
2 2
Ø The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum of
constant length is independent of the size, shape,
mass and material of the bob provided it is not made
of a very light substance like cork.
Ø l - T2 graph of a simple pendulum is straight line
passing through origin.
Ø l -T graph of a simple pendulum is parabola.
y
l - T graph

'α ' is +ve if it is above horizontal l - T2 graph

'α ' is -ve if it is below horizontal
Ø When the elevator is going up with an acceleration x
‘a’, or coming down with retardation ‘a’ ,then its l
Ø The co-ordinates of point of intersection of l - T
L and l - T2 graphs are (25cm, 1second) on earth.
time period is given by T = 2π g + a and frequency Ø A simple pendulum fitted with a metallic bob of
density ‘ds ’ has a time period T. When it is made
1 g+a to oscillate in a liquid of density ‘dl ’, then its time
f =
2π L period increases.
Ø When the elevator is moving down with an
l l
acceleration ‘a’, or going up with retardation ‘a’ T = 2π = 2π
( a < g ) , then its time period is given by  d   1 
g 1− l  g 1 − 
g−a
T = 2π
L
g − a
and frequency f =
1
 ds   drel 
2π L

17
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

Seconds Pendulum : W.E-47: In the diagram shown find the time pe-
The simple pendulum whose time period is equal riod of pendulum for small oscillations
to2 seconds is called seconds pendulum.
g
Ø Length of seconds pendulum is l = θ
π2
Ø For given time period l α g Sol :-
Ø A seconds pendulum is taken from a place where α
acceleration due to gravity is g1 to a place where
acceleration due to gravity is g 2 . To keep correct mg sin θ sin α mg sin θ
time The length should be decreased by θ
g1 − g2 For smaller values of α , sinα ≈ α
( if g1 > g 2 ) The length should be
π2 y
F ; − ( mg sinθ ) α ⇒ma = −( mg sinθ )
g 2 − g1 l
increased by ( if g 2 > g1 )  g sinθ 
π2 a = −  y = −ω y
2

Ø Due to small change in the value of g, the error in  l 

the time shown by a pendulum clock during t g sinθ l
ω= ⇒ T = 2π g sin θ
1 ∆g l
seconds = − ×t W.E-48: The trolley car having simple pendulum
2 g
decelerated by friction. In consequence, the
Ø Due to small change in the length of pendulum of
pendulum clock, error in the time shown by it during pendulum has time period T . If T o is time
period of the simple pendulum in the absence
1 ∆ l
t seconds = × t of any acceleration of the trolley car, the value
2 l T
Ø When a hole is drilled along the diameter of the of T is ---
o
earth and if a body is dropped in it, it moves to and
l l
fro about the centre of the earth and is in SHM Sol : T = 2 π T = 2π
2 ; a = µg ,
with a time period of a +g
2
g µ2 +1

R 3π T = To
1
⇒
T
=
1
T = 2π ; 84.6min (or ) T = 1
µ +1 To
(µ + 1) 4
2
g GD 2

D = Meandensityoftheearth. W.E-49:A simple pendulum has time period 'T 1' .

The point of suspension is now moved
G = Gravitational constant.
upwards according to the relation y = kt 2, (k =
W.E-46: Two pendulums of lengths 1.69 m and 1.44 1m/sec2) where y is the vertical displacement .
m start swinging together. After how many The time period now becomes ' T2' , then find
vibrations will they again start swinging
together? T12
the ratio of 2 T2
n lL
Sol:- n − 1 = l Sol: y = kt2 = 1/2 at2 ⇒ 1 a = k = 1
S 2
⇒a = 2m/sec2 ( acceleration )
n 1.69 1.3 13
= = = ⇒ n = 13
n −1 1.44 1.2 12 l l
T1 = 2π and T2 = 2π
So they swing together after the shorter pendulum g g+a
completes 13 oscillations or longer pendulum T12 g + a 10 + 2 6
completes 12 oscillations. = = =
T22 g 10 5
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
W.E-50:A simple pendulum 4 m long swing with time period of oscillation of compound pendulum is
an amplitude of 0.2 m. What is its acceleration I
at the ends of its path? T = 2π
Mgd
Sol: T = mg cosθ \ Fnet = mg sinq and acceleration
‘I’is moment of inertia about axis of rotation
( 0.2 ) = 0.5
a = gsin θ = ( 10) m/s2 ‘M’is mass of physical pendulum
4 ‘d’ is perpendicular distance from axis of rotation
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| to centre of gravity of pendulum. From Parallel
Axis Theorem
θ T
I = I G + Md 2 ⇒ I = MK 2 + Md 2
θ θ
where K is radius of gyration of the body.
s in mg cos θ
mg
mg MK 2 + Md 2
Angular SHM - Torsional Pendulum ⇒ T = 2π
Mgd
On rotating a body from its position of equilibrium,
a restoring torque proportional to the angle of
rotation comes into play, the body executes angular  K2 
 +
d 
d
( or rotational ) SHM
⇒ T = 2π 
l
= 2π effective
wire g g

disc  K2 
where,  d + 
 d  is also called the effective length
θ
of the compound pendulum.
Time period of oscillation of torsional pendulum is W.E-51: A uniform rod of mass ‘m’ and length ‘ l ’
I is hinged at one end ‘A’. It can rotate freely
T = 2π where C is called torsional constant. about a horizontal axis passing through ‘A’.
C
‘I’ is the moment of inertia of the body If it is given a slight angular displacement and
Ø A typical torsional pendulum is a disc suspended left to itself then it oscillate. Find the time
by a wire attached to the centre of mass of the disc. period of small oscillations.
When the disc is rotated, the wire gets twisted and A
a restoring torque is produced in it. The disc,
therefore, executes angular oscillations on being
released.
Physical Pendulum (or) Compound
Pendulum:

P 2
Sol : here I = ml , d=l ( distance from COM
θ 3 2
d to point of suspension )

I ml 2
T = 2π = 2π 2l
mgd l = 2π
d sin θ 3mg 3g
N G 2
θ 2l
Note: Equivalent length of simple pendulum leq =
Mg 3

19
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

W.E-52: A uniform ring of radius ‘R’ is suspended

from a horizontal nail ‘A’ as shown. Find time

displacement
period of its small oscillations.
A
time

I Ø In these oscillations the frequency of the oscillations

Sol : here I = 2mR 2 , d = R , T = 2π
mgd decreases i.e. ?' = ?02 - γ 2

2mR2 2π
Time period of the oscillator T = ω 2 − γ 2 , this
2R
T = 2π = 2π Ø
mgR g 0

Damped simple harmonic oscillations, is greater than the time period of the harmonic
Forced oscillations and resonance 2π
Free oscillation: oscillator T0 = ω
Ø The oscillations of a body with fundamental 0

frequency under the influence of restoring force are Ø The body undergoing damped oscillation is known
defined as free oscillations. as damped harmonic oscillator.
Ø The amplitude, frequency and energy of oscillations Ø Due to decrease in amplitude, the energy of the
remain constant. oscillator also goes on decreasing exponentially,
Ø The frequency of oscillations of the body depends
upon its nature and structure, hence it is known as 1 2 −bt / m
the natural frequency of the body. EK = EK0 e −2γ t = Kxme
Ø The oscillator which keeps on oscillating with 2
constant amplitude for infinite time is known as free Relaxation time for velocity (τ v ) : The time
oscillator.
Ø The quality factor and the relaxation time of these interval, during which the velocity of harmonic
oscillations are infinity. oscillator reduces to 1/e of its initial velocity, is
Damped oscillations:
Ø The oscillations of a body whose amplitude goes defined as relaxation time of velocity ( t v ) .
on decreasing with time are defined as damped V = V0e−γ t
oscillations.
Ø If ‘v’ be the velocity of the oscillator then damping 2m V
when t = τ v = thenV = 0
force Fd = −bv where ‘b’ is damping constant. b e
Ø
Relaxation time for amplitude (τ A ) :
The resulting force acting on damped harmonic
oscillator is F = Frestoring + Fdamping = −Kx − bv
2m x
d 2 x b dx K when t = τ A = then A = m
ma = − Kx − bv ⇒ + + x=0 b e
dt 2 m dt m
Ø Differential equation of damped harmonic oscillator Relaxation time for energy (τ E ) :
d2 x dx b K
is 2 + 2γ +ω02 x = 0 where 2γ = , ω0 =
2
m EK
dt dt m m when t = τ E = then EK = 0
Ø Solution to above differential equation is b e
x = A cos ( ω ' t + φ ) = xme −γ t cos (ω ' t + φ ) τ
τ A = τ v = 2τ E (or) τ E = A i.e. the relaxation time
Ø In these oscillations the amplitude of oscillations 2
decreases exponentially due to damping force like for energy is half of that for amplitude.
frictional force, viscous force, hysteresis etc. Ø Quality Factor
b
A = xme −γ t where γ = . Q = 2π ×
averageenergystored
2m = ω0τ
energylossinonecycle
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
Forced oscillations : Ø The term sharpness of resonance means the rate of
Ø The oscillations in which a body oscillates under fall in amplitude with change in frequency of external
the influence of an external periodic force (driver) periodic force on either side of resonant frequency.
are known as forced oscillations. Ø Smaller is the damping, sharper is the resonance or
Ø The amplitude of oscillator decreases due to larger is the damping flatter is the resonance.
damping forces but on account of the energy gained
from the external source (driver) it remains constant.
Ø The resultant force acting on the oscillator No damping
F = Fdamping + Frestoring + Fexternal

Amplitude
Low damping
⇒ F = −bv − Kx + Fm cos ωd t (sharp resonance)
where ωd is frequency of driven(external) periodic
force
Ø Differential equation of the oscillator
High damping
d 2x dx (flat resonance)
2
+ 2γ + ω02 x = Fm cos ω d t
dt dt frequence of external source
b K
where 2γ = and ω0 =
2

m m Amplitude resonance:
Ø Solution to above differential equation
Fm m
x = A sin ( ωd t + φ ) with amplitude A=
The amplitude
(ω − ωd2 ) + 4γ 2ωd of
2 2 2
o
Fm m
A=
forced oscillator becomes maximum when
 bω 
2

(ω 2
o −ω d)
2 2
+ d 
 m  (ω 2
o − ωd2 ) + 4γ 2ωd 2 is minimum.
2

Thus dω  (ωo − ωd ) + 4γ ωd  = 0
Fm m d  2 2 2 2
A=
2

or
(ω − ωd2 ) + 4γ 2ωd
2 2 2 d
o
⇒ 2 (ωo2 − ωd2 ) (−2ω d ) + 4γ 2 ( 2ωd ) = 0
b −1  bωd / m 
where = 2γ and phase φ = tan  2 2 
m  ωo − ωd  ⇒ ωo2 − ωd2 = 2γ 2 ⇒ ωd = ωo2 − 2γ 2
Ø In these oscillations, the amplitude and energy Velocity (or energy) at resonance:
remains constant with respect to time. But the
dx
⇒ V = Aωd cos (ωd t + φ )
V=
magnitude of amplitude depends upon the velocity
frequency of external force. dt
Resonance: maximum velocity Vo = Aωd
Ø When the frequency of external periodic force
(driver) is equal to the natural frequency of the Fmωd
⇒ Vo =
m ( ωo2 −ωd2 ) + 4ωd2γ 2
oscillator (driven), then the amplitude increases to 2
maximum value. This phenomenon is known as
resonance.
Ø Fm
In resonance, maximum energy will transfer from Vo =
2
the driver to the driven. Hence the amplitude of  ω2 − ωd2 
 + 4γ
2
motion becomes maximum. m  o
 ωd 
Ø In resonance the frequency of the driver ( ωd ) is
this becomes maximum when denominator is
known as the resonant frequency. minimum. i.e.,
Ø The time period of oscillator, in resonance is 2
2π 2π  ωo2 − ω d2 
 = 0 ⇒ ω o − ω d = 0 ⇒ ωo = ωd
m

2 2
T= = = 2π
ωd ω0 K
.  ωd 

21
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

W.E-53: The amplitude of a damped oscillator 1

−bt1 / 2
1 1 
decreases to 0.9 times its original value in 5s. = KA2 e m
=  KA2 
In another 10s it will decreases to α times its 2 2 2 
original magnitude, where α is −bt1/2
1 m m
[JEE (main)2013] e m
= ⇒ t1/2 = ln ( 2 ) × = 0.693 ×
2 b b
Sol: A = A0 e − bt /2 m after 5sec 0.9 = e −5b /2 m 0.2
t1/2 = 0.693 × = 3.46 s
After 10 more sec (i.e., t = 15 sec) its amplitude 0.04
becomes α A0 . W.E-56: If a simple pendulum has significant
Hence, α A0 = A0e− b(15)/ 2 m = A0e −15b/ 2 m 1
amplitude (up to a factor of of original) only
e
( )
or α = e−15b/ 2m = e−5b /2 m = ( 0.9 ) = 0.729.
3 3
in the period between t = 0 sec to t = τ sec,
then τ may be called the average life of
W.E-54: A mass of 2kg oscillates on a spring with
force constant 50 N/m. By what factor does pendulum. when the spherical bob of the
the frequency of oscillation decrease when a pendulum suffers a retardation (due to viscous
damping force with constant b = 12 is intro- drag) proportional to its velocity, with ‘b’ as
duced ? the constant of proportionality, the average life
2 time of the pendulum is (assuming damping
50 2  b 
Sol :ωo = = 5Hz , ω = ωo −  = 5 − 3 = 4Hz so 2 2
is small) in seconds: (AIEEE 2012)
2  2m 
‘ ω ’ reduces by 1Hz or 20% Sol:
W.E-55: In damped oscillatory motion a block of
mass 20kg is suspended to a spring of force
constant 90N/m in a medium and damping con-
stant is 40g/s. Find (a) time period of oscilla- θ l
tion (b) time taken for amplitude of oscilla- mbv
tion to drop to half of its initial value (c) time
taken for its mechanical energy to drop to half
of its initial value.
Sol:- Mass m = 200g = 0.2 kg, Force constant K = 90 N/m v θ
damping constant b = 40g/s = 0.04 kg/s mg sin θ mg cos θ
mg
Km = 90 × 0.2 = 18 kg / s , b << Km . Retarding force = mbv When angular displacement
a) time period of the pendulum is θ , net restoring torque
m 0.2 = −mgl sinθ + mbvl If I is the moment of inertial of
T = 2π = 2π = 0.3 s
K 90 the pendulum about the point of suspension, then
− bt / 2 m I α = −mgl sin θ + mbvl Where α = ang. acc.
b) amplitude A = A0 e Let amplitude is
Now, as I = ml 2 , ml 2α = −mgl sinθ + mbvl
dropped to half of its initial value after the time T1/2 .
− bT1/2 − b T1 / 2 d 2θ g bv
A0 1 ∴α= = − sin θ +
A0e 2m
= ; e 2m
= dt l l
2 2 For small damping, the solution of the above
Take natural logarithm on both sides differential equation will be:
−b (T1/2 ) 1 ln ( 2 ) θ = θ 0e −bt /2
sin ( ωt + φ )
= ln   ⇒ T1/2 =
2m 2 b / 2m −bt /2
∴ Angular amplitude = θ0e
= 2.302 × 0.3010 × 2m / b
According to question, in time τ (average life time)
2m 2 × 0.2
T1/2 = 0.693 × = 0.693 × = 6.93 s angular amplitude reduces to (1/e) the value of the
b 0.04 original value
c) Let the energy is dropped to half of its initial θ0 bt 2
value after a time t1/2 . ∴ = θ 0e − bt /2 ; = 1 or t =
e 2 b
1 1
Initial energy E0 = KA ;At time t1/2 , energy = E0
2

2 2
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

Composition of Two SHM’s of Equal W.E-57: Two simple harmonic motions

Frequency in Mutually y1 = A sin ( ωt ) and y2 = A cos ( ωt ) are
Perpendicular Directions: superimposed on a particle of mass m. Find
Let the two SHM’s be the total mechanical energy of the particle.
x Sol : Phase difference between the two SHMs is 900 Therefore
(i) x = a sin wt Þ = sin wt
a , resultant amplitude is

(ii) y = b sin (wt + f ) Þ = sin (wt + f)

y
A 2A
b
y
sin wt cos f + cos wt sin f =
b

x x2 y
cos f + 1 - 2 sin f =
a a b
A
x2 æy x ö
1- 2 sin f = çç - cos f ÷÷
ç
èb a ø÷ 1
mw2 AR2
a
AR = 2 A , TE =
Squaring on both sides 2
æ x 2 ö÷ 2
çç1- ÷ sin f = y + x cos 2 f - 2xy cos f ( )
2 2
1 2
m w2 2 A = mw 2 A2
çè a 2 ø÷÷
=
b 2 a2 ab 2
W.E-58: The speed v of a particle moving along x-
æ x 2 y 2 2 xy ö
\ çç 2 + 2 - cos f÷÷÷ = sin 2 f axis is given by v 2 = 8bx − x2 − 12b2 , where ‘b’
çè a b ab ø÷ is a constant. Find amplitude, maximum ve-
This is the equation representing resultant SHM. locity and time period of oscillation.
The path traversed by the particle, depends on the Sol : Given equation is v 2 = 8bx − x2 − 12b2 differenti-
values of a, b & φ dv
ating w.r.t time ‘t’ 2v = 8bv − 2 xv
dt
Condition Resultant SHM Shape a = 4b − x
so motion of particle is SHM with its mean position
a = b, at x = 4b , at extreme position v = 0
φ = 0°, Straight line y = ± x
180° ∴ x2 − 8bx + 12b2 = 0 ⇒ ( x − 6b )( x − 2b ) = 0
x1 = 2b, x2 = 6b are ‘x’ coordinate of extreme
position.
φ = 190° Circle x 2 + y2 = a2
So amplitude is A = 4b − 2b = 2b units
In this problem v is maximum at x = 4b
a ≠ b, Straight line
φ = 0° b ∴vmax
2
= 8b ( 4b) −16b 2 −12b 2 = 4b 2
or 180° y=± x
a v max = 2 b units
2 2
a ≠b Ellipse x 2 + y2 = 1 but vmax = Aω ⇒ 2b = 2bω ⇒ ω = 1
φ = 90° a b
Time period of oscillation T = 2π sec.

23
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

W.E-59: A small block is connected to a mass less y

rod, which in turn is attached to a spring of extension of spring will be . The extra
2
force constant k as shown in Fig. The block is
displaced down slightly, and left free. Find time Ky
force developed in the spring is . If T
period of small oscillations. 2
a
be the tension in the string, then
b
Ky Ky
k m 2T = or T=
2 4
The restoring force on the block
aθ − Ky
Frest = −T =
θ
and
4
k
Frest K
F = k(aθ )
m a= = (− y )
m 4m
As force is proportional to the displacement from
Sol: Let angular displacement of the block is θ , then mean position, so it represents SHM. Comparing
extension of the spring will be ‘aθ ’. If F is the with standard equation of SHM, a = −ω 2 y , we
force in spring, then restoring
K 2π 4m
torque, τ rest = −Fa = − K ( aθ ) × a get ω = and time period T = = 2π
4m ω K
τ rest Ka 2
[QF = Kx = Kaθ ] and α = I
=
I
( −θ )
NOTE: The expression T = 2π
4m
can be written
k
Now comparing with α = −ω 2θ , we get
m k
ω=
Ka2
and T = 2π
I as T = 2π k , where keff = . The given device
I Ka2 eff 4
is equivalent to a block of mass m connected to a
mb2 b m
Here I = mb 2 ∴ T = 2π = 2π spring of force constant keff .
Ka2 a K
W.E-60: In figure the spring has a force constant W.E-61: In the figure the spring has a force con-
k. The pulley is light and smooth, the spring stant k. the pulley is light and smooth.The
and string are light. The suspended block has spring and string are light.The suspended
a mass m kg. If the block is slightly displaced block has a mass m kg. If the block is displaced
vertically down from its equilibrium position down slightly and released, find the time pe-
and released, find the period of its vertical os- riod of oscillations.
cillations.
ky/2

k k
k
T T
T
T
T
m
T T
T

m m
Sol: Let the block is displaced down a small displace-
ment ‘y’. The corresponding
24
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
Sol :Let block is displaced down by ‘y’. The corre
K1 K2
sponding extension of the spring will be 2y, as string ' ×'
is inextensible. The extra force developed in the KK 4 4
K= ' =1 2
=
K1 K 2
K1 + K2
+ 2 4 ( K1 + K2 )
'
spring is 2ky. If T is the tension in the string, then T K1 K
= 2Ky The restoring force on the block 4 4
Frest = 2T = −2 ( 2Ky ) = −4Ky and the accelera-
The time period of equivalent system is
Frest 4 K
tion of the block a = = ( − y ) As force m m 4 m ( k1 + k2 )
m m T = 2π = 2π = 2π
k k1k2 k1 k2
acting on block is proportional to the displace-
ment from mean position, so it will represent SHM. 4 ( k1 + k2 )
Comparing this with standard equation of SHM, W.E-63:In the device shown in Fig, the block m is
a = −ω 2 y , displaced down slightly and released. It starts
oscillating. Pulleys are smooth and massless,
4K 2π m
we get ω= and T = = 2π string and springs are also massless. Find time
m ω 4K period of oscillations.
m
NOTE:The expression T = 2π can be
4K
k1 k1
m
written as, T = 2π k = 4k .
keff , where eff
m k2
Thus the given device is equivalent to a block of k′2=
4
mass m connected to a spring of force constant keff .
W.E-62: A block of mass m is attached to one end k2 m
of a light inextensible string passing over a
smooth light pulley A and under another Sol: The given device is equivalent to a device shown in
smooth light pulley B as shown in Fig. The
figure. In this equivalent device, the spring k 2 is
other end of a string is fixed to a ceiling. A
and B are held by springs of force constant k1 replaced by a spring of force constant k 2, which is

and k 2 . Find time period of small oscillations k2

equal to . The equivalent force constant
of system. 4

k
k1 k1 × 2
k′1 k1k2' 4 = k1k 2
A k= =
k1 + k2 k + k 2 4k1 + k2
'

1
k′2 4
m
The time peirod of the oscillations of the block is
B m
given by
k2
 m 
 
m = 2π  k1k2  = 2π m ( 4 k1 + k2 )
Sol: The given system is equivalent to a system shown
K1 K T = 2π
in fig Here K1 =
'
and K 2 = 2 The equivalent
'
k  4k1 + k2  k1k 2
4 4  
 
force constant

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 OSCILLATIONS JEE MAINS - C.W - VOL - III
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- II

W.E-64:In the system shown in Fig, a disc pivoted P

at its centre has a spring attached at a distance
‘a’ from centre and a mass ‘m’ that can rotate R
the disc. For small angular displacement d
calculate the frequency of oscillation 2R
π

CO
M
Unstretched equilibrium
θ0 position
a θ 4 R2 R
at any time Sol : here d = R 2 + = π 2 + 4 I = 2mR 2
π 2
π

1 mgd 1 mgR π 2 + 4
f = =
2π I 2π π 2mR2

m 1 g π2+4
=
2π 2π R
Sol:-In the equilibrium position stretch of spring is W.E-66:Consider a semicircular shell of mass ‘m’
x0 = aθ 0 . Torque of spring force and weight balance and radius ‘r’ which rolls without slipping as
shown in Fig. Use the fact that maximum
each other, kinetic energy at mean position is equal to
i.e., Ka 2θ 0 = mgr ............ (i) maximum potential energy at extreme position
and find out the frequency of oscillation.
In a slightly displaced position equations of motion
O
are mg − T = ma = mrα ..... (ii)
r a
and Tr − Ka (θ 0 + θ ) = I α ...... (iii)
2
CG

Substituting the value of T from Eqn. (ii) into Eqn.

(iii), we get Sol:According to problem, shell is in pure rolling,
contact point A can be considered to be the
m ( g − rα ) r − Ka2 (θ 0 + θ ) = I α instantaneous centre of rotation.
1
α = −
ka 2
θ
( KE ) max = I Aω 2
( I + mr 2 )
or 2
where I A = ICG + m ( r − a )
2

Comparing above Eqn. with necessary condition

= I 0 − ma 2 + m ( r − a )
2
of SHM, i.e.,

Ka2 = 2mr ( r − a )
α = −ω θ 2 ; ω=
I + mr 2 ( PE ) max = mga (1 − cos θ ) Since
and f =
1 Ka 2 ( KE) max  = ( PE)max 
2π I + mr 2 meanposition extremeposition

mr ( r − a) ω2 = mga (1− cosθ )

W.E-65: A semicircular rigid wire of radius of
curvature ‘R’ is smoothly pivoted at ‘P’. Find ga (1 − cos θ )
the frequency of small oscillations of the wire and ω = r (r − a)
under gravity

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
7. Two linear simple harmonic motions of equal
C.U.Q
amplitude and frequency are imposed on a
particle along x and y axis respectively. The
DISPLACEMENT
π
1. Which of the following expressions represent initial phase difference between them is .
simple harmonic motion? 2
The resultant path followed by particle is
1) x = a sin ( ωt + φ) 2) x = a cos ( ωt + δ)
1) a circle 2) a straight line
3) x = a sin ωt + b cos ωt 4) all of the above 3) an ellipse 4) a parabola
2. A particle moves in the x − y plane according 8. A particle is subjected to two simple harmonic
to the equation motions in the same direction having equal
r
( )
r = i$ + j$ ( A sin ωt + B cos ωt ) . Motion of the
amplitudes and equal frequency. If the resulting
amplitude is equal to the amplitude of individual
particle is motions, the phase difference between them
1) periodic 2) SHM is
3) along a straight line 4) all of the above π 2π π π
3. At two particular closest instants of time t 1 and 1) 2) 3) 4)
3 3 6 2
t2 , the displacements of a particle performing 9. Which of the following is not simple harmonic
SHM are equal. At these instants functions?
1) instantaneous speeds are equal.
1) y = a sin2ωt + b cos2ω t
2) instantaneous accelerations are equal.
3) phases of the motion are unequal. 2) y = a sin2ωt + b cos ω t
4) all of the above.
3) y = ( a 2 + b2 ) 2 sin ωt cos ωt
1
4. The displacement (x) of a particle as a function
of time (t) is given by x = a sin ( bt + c ) , where 4) y = 1 − 2sin 2 ω t
a, b and c are constants of motion. Choose the 10. A particle is moving on a circle with uniform
correct statement from the following. speed. Its motion is
2π 1) periodic and simple harmonic
1) motion repeats itself in a time interval of 2) periodic but not simple harmonic
b
3) non periodic 4) None of the above
2) energy of the particle remains constant.
3) velocity of the particle is zero at x = ±a . 11. The function ( sin 2 ωt ) represents a
4) all of the above 1) periodic but not simple harmonic motion
5. The composition of two simple harmonic
π
motions of equal periods at right angle to each 2) simple harmonic motion with a period
others and with a phase difference of π results ω
in displacement of particle along a 2π
3) simple harmonic motion with a period
1) circle 2) parabola ω
3) straight line 4) ellipse
6. The motion of a particle varies with time 4π
4) simple harmonic motion with a period
according to the relation ω
y = a sin ωt + b cos ω t , then 12. The displacement equation of a spring block
1) the motion is oscillatory but not SHM system is given by y = A sin ωt in air. It is
2) the motion is SHM with amplitude a + b completely immersed in water. If A1 and ω1 be
3) the motion is SHM with amplitude a 2 + b2 new amplitude and angular freuency then
1) ω = ω1 2) A < A1 3) both 4) none
4) the motion is SHM with amplitude a 2 + b 2

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13. In given statements correct alternative is 21. The motion of a particle in SHM is of
1) SHM is necessarily periodic 1) uniform speed 2) uniform acceleration
2) SHM is necessarily oscillatory 3) uniform velocity 4) non uniform speed
3) oscillatory motion may be periodic. 22. The displacement (from initial position) of a
4) all of the above particle executing SHM with amplitude A in
14. Which of following is characteristic of SHM? half the time period is always
1) Projection of uniform circular motion on any 1) zero 2) A 3) anything from 0 to A
diameter 4) anything from 0 to 2A
2) Periodic in nature 23. A particle moves on y-axis according to the
3) Displacement time graph is a sine curve. equation y = A + B sin ωt . Amplitude of
4) Acceleration is zero at the mean position motion is
15. In SHM there is always a constant ratio
between displacement of the body and its 1) A 2) B 3) A2 + B2 4) A − B
1) velocity 2) acceleration 24. A system executing SHM must possesses
3) mass of the particle 4) all of the above 1) inertia only 2) restoring force only
16. A particle moves along y-axis according to 3) both restoring force and inertia
equation y = 3 + 4cos ωt . The motion of the 4) only external force.
particle is VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
1) circular 2) periodic but not SHM 25. The angular velocities of three bodies in SHM
3) SHM 4) oscillatory but not SHM are ω1, ω2 , ω3 with their respective amplitudes
17. A particle moves on the x-axis according to as A1 , A2 , A3 . If all three bodies have same
the equation x = x0 sin 2 ω t. The motion is
mass and maximum velocity then
simple harmonic
1) with amplitude x o/2 2) with amplitude 2x o 1) A1ω1 = A2 ω2 = A3ω3 2) A1ω12 = A2ω22 = A3ω32
π 2π 3) A12ω1 = A22ω2 = A32ω3 4) A12ω12 = A 22ω22 = A 23ω32
3) with time period 4) with time period
ω ω 26. For a particle in SHM the amplitude and
18. If a particle is executing SHM, with an amplitude maximum velocity are A and V respectively.
A, the distance moved and the displacement of Then its maximum acceleration is
the body during its time period is
V2 V2 V
1) 2A, 0 2) 4A, 0 3) 4A,4A 4) 0, 4A 1) 2) V2 A 3) 4)
19. The equation of motion of particle is given by 2A A A
dp 27. The amplitude of a particle performing SHM
+ m ω2 y = 0 where P is momentum and y is is 'a'. The displacement at which its velocity
dt
its position. Then the particle will be half the maximum velocity is
1) moves along a circle 1) a/2 2) a/3 3) 3 a / 2 4) 2a / 3
2) moves along a parabola
3) executes simple harmonic motion 28. A SHO has amplitude A and time period T.
4) falls freely under gravity The maximum velocity will be
20. Position of a particle varies as
2A
y = cos2 ωt − sin 2 ωt . It is 1) 4AT 2) 3) 2π A / T 4) 2π A / T
T
1) harmonic but not SHM
29. A particle performs SHM along a straight line
π
2) SHM with period  ω  with the period T and amplitude A. The mean
 
velocity of the particle averaged over the time
 2π 
3) SHM with period  ω  interval during which it travels a distance A/2
 
starting from the left extreme position is
 π
4) periodic with period   but not SHM. A A 2A 3A
ω 1) 2) 3) 4)
2T T T T
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
30. A particle perform SHM with period T and v
amplitude A. The mean velocity of the particle
averaged over quarter oscillation , Starting
from right extreme position is 4
2A 4A 3A
1) 0 2) 3) − 4) 3
T T T
t
31. A particle is executing SHM. Then the graph of 2
acceleration as a function of displacement is
1) a sine curve 2) a circle 1
3) a straight line 4) parabola 1) i, ii 2) ii, iii 3) i, iv 4) iii, iv
32. If the maximum acceleration of a SHM is α
36. Acceleration - time graph of a particle
and the maximum velocity is β then amplitude executing SHM is as shown in fig. Then
of vibration is given by i) displacement of particle at 1 is –ve
ii) velocity of particle at 2 is + ve
β2 α2
1) β α2
2) α β
2
3) 4) iii) potential energy of particle at 3 is maximum
α β iv) speed of particle at 4 is decreasing.
33. The phase difference between velocity and a
acceleration , acceleration and displacement
of SHO are respectively
π π π π 1
1) π , 2) , π 3) , 4) π , π 4
2 2 2 2
t
34. A particle in SHM is located at different 2
positions as shown below. The phase difference
between the position marked by A and
y=0 3
A 1) only i, ii are correct 2) only i,iii,iv are correct
3) only ii,iii,iv are correct 4) all are correct
B 37. v – t graph of a particle in SHM is as shown in
figure. Choose the wrong option.
C
D

E
π
1) B is radian 2) C is π radian
2
3) D is > 2π radian 4) E is 2π radian
35. Velocity - time graph of a particle executing 1) at A particle is at mean position and moving
SHM is as shown in fig. Select the correct towards positive direction
alternatives. 2) at B acceleration of particle is zero
i) at position 1, displacement of particle may be + 3) at C acceleration of particle is maximum and in
positive direction 4) none of the above
ve or –ve ENERGY OF A PARTICLE
ii) at position 2, displacement of particle is –ve EXECUTING SHM
iii) at position 3, acceleration of particle is + ve 38. The frequency of a particle executing simple
iv) at position 4, acceleration of particle is + ve harmonic motion is ‘ f ’ hertz. The frequency
of variation of its kinetic energy is
1) 2f Hz 2) f Hz 3) f /2 Hz 4) Zero
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

39. A body executing SHM has a total energy E. 47. For a particle executing SHM the displacement
When its kinetic energy is 3E/4, the x given by x = A cos ω t . Identify the graph
displacement of the particle is ( A is amplitude) which represents the variation of potential
3A 3A energy (PE) as a function of time t and
1) A 2) A/2 3) 4) displacement x
2 4
40. For a particle in SHM the K.E. at any instant
is given by K= Ko Cos 2 ω t . The total energy
of SHM is
1) Ko 2) 2Ko 3) Ko /2 4) 4Ko
41. A particle executes SHM with a time period
T. The time period with which its potential
energy changes is
1) 2T 2) T 3) T/2 4) 3T/2
42. In SHM at the equilibrium position
i) displacement is minimum
ii) acceleration is zero
iii) velocity is maximum
iv) potential energy is maximum 1) I.III 2) II.IV 3) II,III 4) I,IV
1) all are true 2) ii, iii, iv are true 48. A particle is placed at the origin and a force
3) ii, iii true 4) i, ii, iv true F = Kx is acting on it (where k is +ve constant).
43. If amplitude of a particle executing SHM is If U (0) = 0, the graph of U(x) verses x will be
doubled, which of the following quantities are (where U is potential energy function)
doubled
i) Time period ii) Maximum velocity
iii) Maximum acceleration iv) Total energy
1) ii & iii 2) i, ii & iii 3) i & iii 4) i, ii,iii & iv 1) 2)
44. A body executes simple harmonic motion. The
potential energy (PE), kinetic energy (KE) and
total energy (TE) are measured as a function
of displacement x. Which of the following
statements is true?
1) TE is zero at x = 0
2) PE is maximum at x = 0 3) 4)
3) KE is maximum at x = 0
4) KE is maximum when x is maximum
45. The total energy of a particle executing simple 49. If the potential energy of an oscillator is
harmonic motion is (x- displacement) U = a + bx + cx 2 + dx3 , the term (quantity)
1) ∝ x 2) ∝ x 2
which indicates the SHM of the oscillator is
3) Independent of x 4) ∝ x1 / 2 1) a 2) bx 3) cx 2 4) dx 3
46. The potential energy of a particle (U x ) OSCILLATIONS DUE TO A SPRING
executing SHM is given by 50. The time period of a loaded spring on earth is
K 6s. On the surface of moon, the time period of
1) U x = ( x − x0 ) 2) U x = K1 x + K2 x 2 + K 3x 3
2

2 the same loaded spring will be

3) U = Ae −bx 4) U = constant 1) 6s 2) 6 6s 3) 1s 4) 6s
x x

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

51. T1 , T2 are time periods of oscillation of a block planet having the same mass, but twice the
radius that of the earth
when individually suspended to springs of force
1) P will run slower than S
constants K1 , K 2 respectively. If same block 2) P will run faster than S
is suspended to series combination of same 3) They will both run at the same rate as on Earth
two springs, then its time period of oscillation. 4) Both do not function.
56. Two blocks connected by a spring rests on a
T1T2
1) T1 + T2 2) T + T smooth horizontal plane as shown in figure.
1 2 A constant force F starts acting on the block
T1T2 m2 , then
3) 4) T 21 + T22
T 21 + T22
52. T1 , T2 are time periods of oscillation of a block
1) length of spring increases continuously if
when individually suspended to springs of force
m1 > m2
constants K1 , K 2 respectively. If same block
2) blocks start performing SHM about centre of
is suspended to parallel combination of same mass of the system with increasing amplitude
two springs. Its time period is 3) blocks start performing SHM about centre of
T1 + T2 mass of the system which moves rectilinearly with
1) T1 + T2 2) constant acceleration
2
4) acceleration of m2 is maximum at initial moment
T1T2 T1T2
3) T + T 4) of time only
T 21 + T22
1 2
SIMPLE PENDULUM
53. A and B are two thin rubber bands, each of 57. In a simple pendulum if iron sphere is replaced
force constant k. Assuming that they obey by a wooden sphere of same mass its time
Hooke’s law, the time period of horizontal period of oscillation will
SHM of the mass m is given by 1) increases 2) decreases
3) remains same 4) It does not oscillate
58. A simple pendulum has a hollow sphere
containing mercury suspended by means of a
2m m wire. If a little mercury is drained off, the period
1) 2π 2) π
K K of the pendulum will
1) increase 2) decrease
m m 3) remains unchanged 4) become erratic
3) 2π 4) 2π
2K K 59. If a pendulum clock is shifted from earth to
54. A mass M is suspended from a light spring. An the surface of moon. Then it
additional mass m added to it displaces the spring 1) loses time 2) gains time
further by distance x then its time period is 3) keeps correct time 4) does not function
60. A girl is in standing position in an oscillating
mg ( M + m) x
swing. If the girl sits in the swing, the
1) T = 2π x ( M + m ) 2) T = 2π
mg frequency of oscillation
1) increases 2) decreases
( M + m) x Mx 3) does not change 4) becomes zero
3) T = 2π 4) T = 2π mg
Mg 61. The frequency of oscillation of a simple
55. A clock S is based on oscillations of a spring pendulum suspended in a satellite that revolve
and clock P is based on pendulum motion, both around the earth is
clocks run at the same rate on Earth. On a 1) 1 Hz 2) 2 Hz 3) Zero 4) Infinity
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
62. A hollow sphere of simple pendulum is first there is a small hole in the bottom through which
filled with mercury and then with water. The water slowly flows out, then its period of
time periods are in the ratio if their densities oscillation
are in the ratio 13.6 : 1 1) goes on increasing until the sphere is empty
1) 1:1 2) 1:2 3) 1:13.6 4) 13.6:1 2) goes on decreasing till the sphere is empty
63. The work done by the tension in the string of a 3) remains unchanged throughout
simple pendulum in one complete oscillation 4) first increases and then attains original value
is equal to as sphere becomes empty
1) zero 2) total energy of the pendulum 71. If a simple pendulum is arranged in an artificial
3) P.E. of the pendulum 4) K.E. of the pendulum satellite its
64. The period of a simple pendulum suspended i) time period becomes infinity
from the ceiling of a car is T when the car is at ii) frequency becomes infinity
rest. If the car moves with a constant iii) both time period and frequency becomes
acceleration the period of the pendulum infinity
1) Remains same 2) decreases iv) it does not oscillate
3) increases 4) first increases then decreases 1) i and iv are correct 2) i and ii are correct
65. A pendulum clock is taken to the bottom of a 3) ii, iii are correct 4) iii, iv are correct
deep mine. Will it gain or lose time? How 72. A girl swings on a cradle in sitting position. If
should its length be altered to correct the time? she stands, the time period of cradle
1) looses time, length to be increased 1) decreases 2) increases
2) looses time, length to be decreased 3) remains constant
3) gains time, length to be increased 4) first increases then it remains constant
4) gains time, length to be decreased 73. If different types of pendulums are taken to
66. If T1 , T2 and T3 are the time periods of a given the moon, the time period will change for
simple pendulum on the surface of the earth, 1) simple pendulum 2) spring pendulum
at a depth 'h' in a mine and at an altitude 'h' 3) torsional pendulum 4) all the above
above the earth's surface respectively, then 74. In a simple pendulum the period of oscillation (T)
1) T1 = T2 = T3 2) T2 < T1 > T3 is related to the length of the pendulum (L) as
3) T2 > T1 < T3 4) T1 > T2 > T3 1) L/T = Constant 2) L2 /T2 = Constant
2
67. A simple pendulum is vibrating in an evacuated 3) L/T = Constant 4) LT = Constant
chamber. It will DAMPED AND FORCED
1) come to rest eventually OSCILLATIONS
2) oscillate forever with the same amplitude and 75. Which of the following figure represents
frequency damped harmonic motion
3) oscillate with same frequency but amplitude will
decrease with time
4) oscillate with same amplitude but frequency i)
will decrease with time.
68. The percentage change in the time period of
a seconds pendulum when its amplitude is
reduced by 30% is (assume θ is very small )
1) 45% 2) 0% 3) 27% 4) 70% ii)
69. A simple pendulum of length L has been set
up inside a railway wagon sliding down a
frictionless inclined plane of inclination θ with
the horizontal. Its period of oscillation as
recorded by an observer inside wagon is iii)
L L
1) 2π g cosθ
2) 2π g
L LCos θ
3) 2π 4) 2π iv)
g Sin θ g
70. A hollow metal sphere is filled with water and
is hung by a long thread is made to oscillate. If 1)i and ii 2)iii and iv 3)i, ii, iii and iv 4)i and iv

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

76. A body having natural frequency vo is 2. A particle moves according to the equation
executing forced oscillations under driving  πt 
x = a cos   . The distance covered by it in
force of frequency v . The system will vibrate  2
1)With the frequency of driving force v the time interval between t = 0 to t = 3 s is
2) With natural frequency vo 1) 2a 2) 3a 3) 4a 4) a
3. The frequency of a particle performing SHM
 vo + v  is 12 Hz. Its amplitude is 4 cm. Its initial
3) With mean frequency  
 2  displacement is 2 cm towards positive extreme
4) none of the above position. Its equation for displacement is
77. A body executing forced oscillations under  π
driving force is in sharp resonance. If damping 1) x = 0.04cos  24 πt +  m
 6
increases then sharpness of resonance
1) decreases 2) remains same 2) x = 0.04sin ( 24πt ) m
3) increases 4) first increases then decreases
 π
COMPOUND PENDULUM 3) x = 0.04sin  24 πt +  m
 6
78. For a bar pendulum the distance between two
points of minimum time period is 4) x = 0.04cos ( 24πt ) m
1) equal to the radius of gyration 4. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion
2) twice the radius of gyration between extreme positions given by (-1,-2,-3)cm
and (1,2,1)cm. Its amplitude of oscillation is
3) twice the length of an equivalent simple pendulum
1) 6cm 2)4cm 3)2cm 4)3cm
4) twice the length of a compound pendulum
5. Amplitude of oscillation of a particle that
C.U.Q - KEY executes SHM is 2 cm. Its displacement from
01) 4 02) 4 03) 4 04) 4 05) 3 06) 4 its mean position in a time equal to1/6th of its
07) 1 08) 2 09) 2 10) 2 11) 1 12) 3 time period is
13) 4 14) 2 15) 2 16) 3 17) 3 18) 2 1 1
19) 3 20) 2 21) 4 22) 4 23) 2 24) 3 1) 2 cm 2) 3 cm 3) cm 4) cm
2 3
25) 1 26) 3 27) 3 28) 4 29) 4 30) 3
6. The displacement of a particle executing SHM
31) 3 32) 3 33) 2 34) 1 35) 2 36) 4
at any time t (seconds) is
37) 2 38) 1 39) 2 40) 1 41) 3 42) 3
43) 1 44) 3 45) 3 46) 1 47) 1 48) 1 x = 0.01sin100π(t + 0.05) then its time period will be
49 ) 3 50) 4 51) 4 52) 4 53) 4 54) 2 1) 0.2 s 2) 0.1 s 3) 0.06 s 4) 0.02 s
55) 1 56) 3 57) 1 58) 1 59) 1 60) 2 7. The period of oscillation of a particle in SHM
61) 3 62) 1 63) 1 64) 2 65) 2 66) 3 is 4s and its amplitude of vibration is4 cm. The
67) 2 68) 2 69) 1 70) 4 71) 1 72) 1
73) 1 74) 3 75) 4 76) 1 77) 1 78) 2 1
distance of the particle s after passing the
3
LEVEL - I (C.W) mean position is
1) 1.33 cm 2) 2 cm3) 3 cm 4) 2.33 cm
DISPLACEMENT
VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
1. The displacement of a particle in SHM is
8. A body executing SHM has a maximum
x = 3sin ( 20πt ) + 4cos ( 20πt ) cm. Its amplitude
velocity of 1 ms −1 and a maximum acceleration
of oscillation is
of 4 ms −2 . Its amplitude in metres is
1) 3 cm 2) 4 cm 3) 5 cm 4) 25 cm
1) 1 2) 0.75 3) 0.5 4) 0.25

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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
9. The time period of oscillation of a particle that Energy of a particle Executing SHM
executes SHM is 1.2s. The time starting from 18. A small body of mass 10 gram is making harmonic
extreme position, its velocity will be half of its oscillations along a straight line with a time period
velocity at mean position is of π /4 and the maximum displacement is 10cm.
1) 0.1 s 2) 0.2 s 3) 0.4 s 4) 0.6 s The energy of oscillator is
10. A particle executes SHM with amplitude 0.5
1) 0.32 x10-2 J 2) 0.16 x10-2 J
cm and frequency 100s −1 . The maximum speed 3) 0.48 x10-2 J 4) 0.56 x10-2 J
of the particle is ( in m/s) 19. At what displacement is the KE of a particle
1) π 2)0.5 3) 5π ×10−5 4) 100π performing SHM of amplitude 10cm is three
11. For a body in SHM the velocity is given by times its PE ?
the relation V = 144 −16x ms . The maximum
2 -1 1) 2.5 cm 2) 5 cm 3) 7.5 cm 4) 10 cm
acceleration is 20. The average kinetic energy of a simple
1) 12 m/s2 2) 16m/s2 3) 36m/s2 4) 48m/s2 harmonic oscillator is 2 joule and its total
12. The amplitude and time period of a particle of energy is 5 joule. Its minimum potential energy
mass 0.1 kg executing simple harmonic motion is
are 1m and 6.28 s, respectively. Then its 1) 1J 2) 1.5 J 3) 2J 4) 3J
angular frequency and acceleration at a 21. Two springs of force constants 1000 N/m and
displacement of 0.5 m are respectively 2000 N/m are stretched by same force. The
1) 1 rad/s, 0.5 m/s2 2) 2 rad/s, 1 m/s2 ratio of their respective potential energies is
3) 0.5 rad/s, 0.5 m/s2 4) 1 rad/s , 1 m/s2 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 2 3) 4 : 1 4) 1 : 4
13. The maximum velocity of a particle executing OSCILLATIONS DUE TO SPRINGS
simple harmonic motion with an amplitude
7 mm, is 4.4 m/s. The period of oscillation is 22. A spring has length l and force constant k it is
1) 100 sec 2) 0.01 sec 3) 10 sec 4) 0.1 sec cut into two springs of length l 1 and l 2 such that
14. A particle executing SHM has amplitude of 1m l 1 =nl2 (n = an integer). Mass ‘m’ suspended
and time period π sec. Velocity of particle when from l 1 oscillates with time period...
displacement is 0.8m is
m nm
1) 1.2 m/s 2) 0.6 m/s 3) 2.4 m/s 4) 0.3 m/s 1) T = 2π ( n + 1) K 2) T = 2π ( n + 1) K
15. The equation of motion of a particle in SHM
is a + 4 x = 0 . Here ‘a’ is linear
m ( n + 1) m
acceleration of the particle at displacement 3) T = 2π 4) T = 2π
‘x’ in metre. Its time period is K K
π 23. A spring when loaded has a potential energy
1) π s 2) 2π s 3) s 4) 2 s ‘E’. Then ‘m’ turns out of ‘n’ turns are removed
2
16. The velocity of a particle in SHM at the instant from the spring. If the same load is suspended,
when it is 0.6 cm away from the mean position then the energy stored in the spring is
is 4 cm/s. If the amplitude of vibration is 1 cm n mE
then its velocity at the instant when it is 0.8 cm 1) ( n − m ) E 2)
away from the mean position is (in cm/s) n
1) 2.25 2) 2.5 3) 3.0 4) 3.5
17. A simple harmonic oscillator is of mass
( n − m) E ( n − m) E
3) 4)
0.100 kg. It is oscillating with a frequency of m n
5 24. In a spring block system if length of the spring
H z . If its amplitude of vibration is 5 cm, then
π is reduced by 1 %, then time period
force acting on the particle at its extreme 1) increase by 2% 2) increase by 0.5%
position is 3) decrease by 2% 4) decrease by 0.5%
1) 2 N 2) 1.5 N 3) 1 N 4) 0.5 N

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25. A body is executing SHM. If the force acting DAMPED AND FORCED
on the body is 6N when the displacement is OSCILLATIONS
2cm, then the force acting on the body at a 33. The amplitude of damped oscillator becomes
displacement of 3 cm is 1/3 in 2 s. Its amplitude after 6 s is 1/n times
the original. The value of n is
1) 6N 2) 9N 3) 4N 4) 6N
1) 23 2) 32 3) 31/3 4) 33
SIMPLE PENDULUM 34. A particle of mass 2g is initially displaced
26. The time period of oscillation of a simple through 2cm and then released. The frictional
pendulum is 2 s. If its length is decreased force constant due to air on it is 12 ×10 −3 N / m .
to half of initial length, then its new period is The restoring force constant is 50 × 10−3 N / m .
1) 1 s 2) 0.707 s 3) 0.414 s 4) 0.5 s If it is in oscillatory motion, its time period is
27. The acceleration due to gravity on a planet is 1) π sec 2) π / 2 sec 3) 2π sec 4) 4π sec
3/2 times that on the earth. If length of a LEVEL - I ( C.W ) - KEY
seconds pendulum on earth is 1m, length of 01) 3 02) 2 03) 3 04) 4 05) 2 06) 4
seconds pendulum on surface of planet is 07) 2 08) 4 09) 1 10) 1 11) 4 12) 1
1) 0.7m 2) 1m 3) 1.7m 4) 1.5 m 13) 2 14) 1 15) 1 16) 3 17) 4 18) 1
28. A freely falling body takes 2 seconds to reach 19) 2 20) 1 21) 1 22) 2 23) 4 24) 4
the ground on a planet when it is dropped from 25) 2 26) 1 27) 4 28) 1 29) 1 30) 3
a height of 8m. If the period of a simple 31) 1 32) 4 33) 4 34) 2
pendulum is 2 seconds on that planet then its LEVEL - I (C.W )-HINTS
length is π
1) 40 cm 2) 50 cm 3) 75 cm 4) 25 cm 1) A = A12 + A22 ; 2) ω = , T = 4sec
29. A seconds pendulum is shifted from a place 2
where g = 9.8 m/s 2 to another place where 3) x = A sin ( ωt + φ)
g = 9.78 m/s 2 . To keep period of oscillation
s 1
constant its length should be 4) A = = ( x 2 − x1 )2 + ( y2 − y1 )2 + ( z2 − z1 )2
2 2
2 2
1) decreased by 2 cm 2) increased by 2 cm 2π
π π 5) x = A sinωt ; 6) x = A sin ( ωt + φ) , ω =
T
2 2
3) increased by cm 4) decreased by cm 2
π π  2π  Vmax
7) y = A sin  T t  ; 8) A =
30. A pendulum of length L swings from rest to   amax
rest n times in one second. The value of
V 3A  2π 
acceleration due to gravity is 9) V = max ⇒ x = ± , x = A cos  t
2 2  T 
π n L
2 2
1) 4π 2 n 2 L 2) 2π 2 n2 L 3) π 2n 2 L 4)
2 10) Vmax = Aω = 2π fA
31. A simple pendulum has a time period T1 when
11) amax = ω 2 A ; V = ω A2 − x 2
on the earth’s surface and T2 when taken to
height R above the earth’s surface, where R 12) ω = 2 π ; a = ω2 x ; 13) V = ω A ; T = 2π
T2
T max
ω
is the radius of the earth. The value of T is 2π 2π
14) ω = ; V = ω A2 − x 2 ; 15) a = −ω x, T =
2

ω
1
T
1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
16) V = ω A2 − x 2 ; 17) F = ma ; a = ω 2 x
32. The pendulum of the grandfather’s clock takes
1s to oscillate from one end to another a 1
18) E = mω A ; 19)
2 2
K.E. = 3.P.E
distance of 10 cm. Considering it a simple 2
pendulum, find its maximum velocity 1 1
P.E. = mω x ; K.E. = mω (A − x )
2 2 2 2 2
1) 4 cm/s 2) 8 cm/s 3) 12 cm/s 4) 15.7cm/s 2 2
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1 2 1) x = 0.02sin10 πt 2) x = 0 . 0 2 s i n 5πt
20) TE = KEmax + PEmin ; 21) P.E. = Kx
2 3) x = 0.02cos10 πt 4) x = 0.02cos5πt
 l1 + l2  m 4. A 20 g particle is executing SHM between the
22) K1 =  l  K ; T = 2π K limits (5, 0, 0)cm and (15, 0, 0)cm. The total
 1  1
distance covered during one oscillation is
2
1 F 1 1) 10 cm 2) 15 cm 3) 20 cm 4) 25 cm
23) PE = Kx 2 = , Kα
2 2K l 5. A particle executes SHM with an amplitude of
∆T −1 ∆k 1 0.2 m. Its displacement when its phase is 900 is
24) = ; k ∝ ; 25) F ∝ − y ; 26) T α l
T 2 k l 1) 0.1 m 2) 0.2 m 3) 0.4 m 4) 0.1/ 2m
l l 1 6. A particle oscillates as per the equation
= constant ; 28) T = 2π ; h = at 2
x = ( 7cos0 ⋅ 5πt ) m , the time taken by the
27)
g a 2
∆g 1 g n particle to move from the mean position to a
29) ∆l = ; 30) f = = point 3.5 m away is
π2 2π L 2
1) 1/3s 2) 1/2s 3) 1 s 4) 2/3s
7. The period of oscillation of a particle in SHM
l g
31) T = 2π ; gh = 2
is 4 sec and its amplitude of vibration is
g  h 4 cm. The distance of the particle 0.5 s after
 1 + 
 R passing the mean position is
32) Vmax = Aω ; 33) A = A0e −γ t 1) 1.33 cm 2) 2 cm 3) 2 2 cm 4) 2 3 cm
b k VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION
34) γ = ; ω o =
2m m 8. A body executing SHM has a maximum
2π velocity of 1ms -1 and a maximum acceleration
T= of 4ms -1. Its time period of oscillation is
and time period ω02 − γ 2
1) 3.14 s 2) 1.57 s 3) 6.28 s 4) 0.25 s
9. The time period of oscillation of a particle that
LEVEL - I (H.W) executes SHM is 1.2s. The time starting from
mean position at which its velocity will be half
DISPLACEMENT
of its velocity at mean position is
1. A particle is subjected to two SHMs 1) 0.1 s 2) 0.2 s 3) 0.4 s 4) 0.6 s
 π  10. An object is attached to the bottom of a light
x1 = A1 sin ωt and x2 = A2 sin  ωt + 4  . The
  vertical spring and set vibrating. The maximum
resultant SHM will have an amplitude of speed of the object is 15 cm/s and the period is
628 milli seconds. The amplitude of the motion
A1 + A2
1) 2) A1 + A2
2 2 in centimetres is
2 1) 3.0 2) 2.0 3) 1.5 4) 1.0
3) A1 + A2 + 2 A1 A2 4) A1 A2
2 2 11. If the displacement x and velocity v of a
particle executing SHM are related as
2. A particle starts its SHM from mean position
at t = 0 . If its time period is T and amplitude A 4v 2 = 25 − x 2 . Then its maximum displacement
then the distance travelled by the particle in in metre (x, v are in SI) is
1) 1 2) 2 3) 5 4) 6
5T
the time from t = 0 to t = is 12. The acceleration of a particle in SHM is
4 0.8ms -2, when its displacement is 0.2 m. The
1) A 2) 3A 3) 4A 4) 5A frequency of its oscillation is
3. A particle performing SHM with a frequency
of 5 Hz and amplitude 2 cm is initially at 2 2 1 1
1) Hz 2) Hz 3) Hz 4) Hz
positive extreme position. The equation for its π π π 2π
displacement (in metre) is
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
13. The equation for the displacement of a particle 1) 12 x 10–3 J 2) 25 x 10–3 J
executing SHM is x = 5sin ( 2π t ) cm Then the 3) 0.48 x 10–3 J 4) 0.24 x 10–3 J
velocity at 3cm from the mean position is(in cm/s) OSCILLATIONS DUE TO A SPRING
1) 2 π 2) 3 π 3) 4 π 4) 8 π 22. A spring of force constant k is cut into two equal
14. The ratio of velocities of particle in SHM at parts, and mass ‘m’ is suspended from parallel
displacements A/3 and 2A/3 is combination of the springs. Then
1) 1 : 2 2)2 : 1 3) 8 : 5 4) 5 : 8 frequency of small oscillations is
5. The equation of motion of a particle in SHM 1 K 1 K
1) f = 2) f =
is a + 16π 2 x = 0 . Here ‘a’ is linear acceleration 2π m 2π 2m
of the particle at displacement ‘x’ (a, x are in
1 4K 1 2K
SI). Its time period is 3) f = 4) f =
1 1 2π m 2π m
1) s 2) s 3) 1s 4) 2s 23. A spring of natural length 80cm with a load has
4 2
a length of 100cm. If it is slightly pulled down
16. A particle executes SHM along a straight line
and released its period will be
4cm long. When the displacement is 1cm its
velocity and acceleration are numerically 1) 3s 2) 0.9s 3) 0.81s 4) 2s
equal. The time period of SHM is 24. In a spring block system if length of the spring
2π 2π 2π is increased by 4 %, then time period
` 1) 2π s 2) s 3) s 4) s 1) increase by 2% 2) increase by 0.5%
3 5 7
3) decrease by 2% 4) decrease by 0.5%
17. A body of mass 1/4 kg is in SHM and its
25. An oscillating mass spring system has
displacement is given by the relation
mechanical energy 1 joule, when it has an
x = 0.05 Sin  20t +π  m .If t is in seconds , the amplitude 0.1m and maximum speed of 1ms -1.
 2
maximum force acting on the particle is The force constant of the spring is (in Nm-1)
1) 5N 2) 2.5N 3) 10N 4) 0.25N 1) 100 2) 200 3) 300 4) 50
ENERGY OF A PARTICLE SIMPLE PENDULUM
EXECUTING SHM 26. The length of a pendulum changes from
18. The total energy of a particle executing simple 1 m to 1.21m. The percentage change in its
harmonic motion is 16 J. What will be total en- period is
ergy of particle if amplitude is halved and fre- 1) 20% 2) 21% 3) 10% 4) 11%
quency is doubled? 27. The mass and diameter of a planet are twice
1) 1J 2) 64J 3) 16J 4) 256J those of the earth. The period of oscillation of
19. The amplitude of oscillation of particle in SHM a pendulum on this planet will be, if it is a
is 3cm . The displacement from mean position seconds pendulum on the earth
at which its potential and kinetic energies are 1) 2.4 s 2) 2.8 s 3) 3.2 s 4) Infinity
in the ratio 1 : 2 is 28. A seconds pendulum is suspended from the
1 roof of a lift. If the lift is moving up with an
1) 1cm 2) 0.866 cm 3) cm 4) 2 cm acceleration 9.8 m/s 2 , its time period is
3
20. Find the average kinetic energy of a simple 1
1) 1 s 2) 2 s 3) s 4) 2 2 s
harmonic oscillator if its total energy is 10 2
joule and minimum potential energy is 2 joule. 29. A seconds pendulum is shifted from a place
1) 1J 2) 4J 3) 8J 4) 5J where g = 9.8 m/s 2 to another place where g =
21. The displacement of a particle of mass 3g 9.82 m/s 2 . To keep period of oscillation
constant its length should be
executing simple harmonic motion is given by
x=3sin(0.2t) in SI units. The kinetic energy of 2 2
1)decreased by 2 cm 2) increased by 2 cm
the particle at a point which is at a π π
displacement equal to 1/3 of its amplitude from 2 2
its mean position is ( 2007 EAM-M) 3) increased by cm 4) decreased by cm
π π
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 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
30. The bob of a simple pendulum of mass 100g is 12) a = ω2 y ; 13) V = ω A2 − x2 ;14) V = ω A2 − x 2
oscillating with a time period of 1.42s. If the
bob is replaced by another bob of mass 150 g 2π
15) a = −ω 2 x ; T = ; 16) V = ω A2 − x2 = ω2x
but of same radius, the new time period of ω
oscillation 1
17) F = ma ; a = ω 2 A ; 18) T .E = mω A
2 2
1) 1.14 s 2) 1.32 s 3) 1.42 s 4) 1.6 s
31. Three simple pendulums have lengths of 2
strings 49 cms, 48 cms and 47 cms with 1 1
19) P.E. = mω x ; K.E. = mω (A − x )
2 2 2 2 2
diameters of the bobs 2 cms, 4 cm and 6 cm 2 2
respectively. Then their periods are in the ratio
KEmax
1)1 : 1 : 1 2)1 : 2 : 3 3)3 : 2 : 1 4)51 : 52 : 53 20) TE = KEmax + PEmin ; KEavg =
32. The period of a simple pendulum is found to 2
be increased by 50% when the length of the
21) K.E. = mω ( A − x )
1 2 2 2
pendulum is increased by 0.6m. The initial
length is 2
1) 0.16 m 2) 0.32 m 3) 0.48 m 4) 0.60 m 1 x
DAMPED AND FORCED 22) k ∝ ; k p = k 1 + k 2 ; 23) T = 2π g
l
OSCILLATIONS ∆T −1 ∆k 1 1
33. The amplitude of a damped oscillator becomes 24) = ; k ∝ ; 25) KEmax = KA2 (k = mω 2 )
T 2 k l 2
1 th
of its initial value after 6 minutes. Its l GM
27 26) T α l ; 27) T = 2 π g ; g = 2
amplitude after 2 minutes is R
A l ∆g l
28) T = 2 π g + a ;29) ∆ l = 2 ; 30) T = 2 π g
A A A
1) 0 2) 0 3) 0 4) 0 π
3 9 54 81
34. The amplitude of vibration of a particle is given 31) T α l where l is length of the pendulum from point
( a0 ) of suspension to centre of the bob
by a M = aω2 − bω + c where a0 , a, b and c
( ) l =x +r
are positive. The condition for a single resonant T2 l+x
32) =
frequency is T1 l
1) b 2 = 4ac 2) b 2 > 4ac 3) b 2 = 5ac 4) b 2 = 7ac 33) For damped oscillator A = A e −bt
0
LEVEL - I ( H. W ) - KEY A0 1
01) 3 02) 4 03) 3 04) 3 05) 2 06) 1 Here = A0e−6b , A2 = A0 e − 2 b = A0  e − 6 b  3
27  
07) 3 08)2 09) 2 10) 3 11) 3 12) 3
13)4 14) 3 15) 2 16) 2 17) 1 18)3 34) aω − bω + c = 0
2

19) 1 20) 2 21) 3 22) 3 23) 2 24) 1

25) 2 26) 3 27) 2 28) 2 29) 2 30) 3 LEVEL -II (C.W)
31) 1 32) 3 33) 1 34) 1
LEVEL - I ( H. W )-HINTS DISPLACEMENT,VELOCITY AND
1) A= A12 + A 22 + 2 A1 A2 c o s φ
ACCELERATION
1. Displacement time equation of a particle
2) y = A sin ωt
 π π
T executing SHM is, x = 10sin  3 t + 6  cm .
in each time interval particle covers distance A  
4 The distance covered by particle in 3s is
3) x = A cos ωt ; 4) d = 4A in one oscillation 1) 5 cm 2) 20 cm 3) 10 cm 4) 15 cm
π T 2. The period of a particle in SHM is 8 s. At t = 0 ,
5) y = A at ω t = ; 6) t =
2 12 it is at the mean position. The ratio of the
T A a 2π distances travelled by it in the 1st and the 2nd
At t = 8 , y = 2 ; 8) ω = v =
max
7) T
max second is ( EAM 2012)
V T
9) V = max after t = from mean position 1 1
2 6 1) 2) 3) 2 4) 2 +1
2π 2 2
10) V = A ω ,ω = ; 11) V = ω A − y
2 2
T
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
3. The equation of motion of a particle started at 1/ 2
1/ 2 a a 
2) ( 3)
a
3)   4) ( 2) a
1/ 2
 π 1)
t=0, is given by y = 5sin  20t +  cm . The 2 2  2
 3
10. A particle moves such that its acceleration is
least time after which acceleration becomes
zero is given by a = − β ( x − 2 ) Here β is positive
π π π π constant and x is the position from origin . Time
1) sec 2) sec 3) sec 4) sec period of oscillation is
90 120 60 30
4. A particle executes SHM with a time period 1 1
of 16 s. At time t = 2s, the particle crosses the 1) 2π β 2) 2π 3) 2π β + 2 4) 2π
β β+2
mean position while at t = 4s, its velocity is
4ms–1 . The amplitude of motion in metre is 11. A body executes SHM has its velocity 10 cm/
s and 7 cm/s when its displacements from mean
1) 2π 2) 16 2π 3) 32 2 / π 4) 4 / π
position are 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. The
5. Two simple harmonic motions are represented
length of path is nearly
 π 1) 10cm 2) 9.5 cm 3) 4 cm 4) 11.36 cm
by the equations, y1 = 0.1sin  100π t +  and
 3 12. A large horizontal surface moves up and down
y2 = 0.1cos π t . The phase difference of ve- in SHM with an amplitude of 1cm. For a block
locity of particle 1 with respect to the velocity of 10kg placed on this surface to remain
of particle 2 is continuously in contact with it, the frequency
−π π −π π of SHM should not exceed (g=10m/s 2,
1) 2) 3) 4) π 2 = 10 )
3 6 6 3
6. A particle is moving in a circle of radius R=1 1) 0.5 Hz 2) 1.5 Hz 3) 5.0 Hz 4) 10.0 Hz
m with constant speed v=4 m/s . The ratio of 13. The time period of oscillation of a SHO is
the displacement to acceleration of the foot π π
of the perpendicular drawn from the particle s. Its acceleration at a phase angle rad
2 3
onto the diameter of the circle is from extreme position is 2ms −2 . What is its
1 2 1 2 velocity at a displacement equal to half of its
1) s 2) s 3) 2s2 4) 16s 2 amplitude from mean position ? (in ms -1)
16 2
7. A body dropped from a height h onto the floor 1) 0.707 2) 0.866 3) 2 4) 3
makes elastic collision with the floor. The 14. A particle under the action of a force has a
frequency of oscillation of its periodic motion is period of 3 s and under the action of another
1 2h force it has a period 4 sec in SHM. What will
1 g 1 g g
1) 2) 3) 4) 2π be its period under the combined action of both
2 2h 2 g 2π 2h 2h forces in the same direction?
8. A particle executes SHM on a straight line. 1) 7 s 2) 5s 3) 2.4 s 4) 0.4 s
At two positions, its velocities are u and v ENERGY OF A PARTICLE
while accelerations are α and β respectively EXECUTING SHM
15. A particle executes SHM with an amplitude
[ β > α > 0] . The distance between these two of 10 cm and frequency 2 Hz. At t = 0, the
positions is particle is at a point where potential energy
u +v
2 2
u −v
2 2
u −v
2 2
u +v
2 2
and kinetic energy are same.The equation for
1) 2) 3) 4)
α +β α +β β −α β −α its displacement is
9. A particle performing SHM having amplitude  π
1) x = 0.1sin  4πt +  m 2) x = 0.1( sin4πt ) m
( 3) times the velocity
1/2
 4
‘a’ possesses velocity  π  π
2 3) x = 0.1cos  4πt +  m 4) x = 0.1 sin4πt − 3  m
at the mean position. The displacement of the  3  
particle shall be

39
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III
16. For a particle executing SHM, the kinetic parts are now connected in parallel and a block
energy (K) is given by K = K0 cos 2 ωt . The of mass m is suspended at the end of the
combined spring. The period of oscillation of
equation for its displacement is block is
1 1
 K 2  2 K0  2 2m m 2m m
1)  02  sin ωt 2)  2 
sin ωt 1) 2π 2) 2π 3) 2π 4) 2π
 mω   mω  9K 9K 5K 5K
1 1 24. A spring of spring constant 200 N/m has a block
 2ω 2  2  2K  2 of mass 1 kg hanging at its one end and other
3)   sin ωt 4)  0  sinω t end of spring is attached to ceiling of an
 mK0   mω  elevator. The elevator is rising upwards with
17. A body is executing SHM. At a displacement an acceleration g/3. What should be the
x its PE is E1 and at a displacement y its PE is angular frequency and elongation during the
E2 . The PE at displacement (x+y) is time when the elevator is accelerating?
1) E = E1 − E2 2) E = E1 + E2
3) E = E1 + E2 4) E = E1 − E 2
18. A body is executing SHM under the action of
a force whose maximum magnitude is 50 N.
The magnitude of force acting on the particle
at the time when its energy is half kinetic and
half potential is 1) 14.14 rad/s , 0.07 m 2) 13 rad/s , 0.1 m
25 3) 14 rad/s , 0.05m 4) 10 rad/s , 0.07 m
1) 25 N 2) 25 2N 3) N 4) 12.5 N 25. A block of mass 1 kg is connected with a
2
19. A body of mass 0.5 kg is performing SHM with massless spring of force constant 100 N/m .At
t = 0, a constant force F = 10 N is applied on
a time period π 2 seconds. If its velocity at the block. The spring is in its natural length at
–1
mean position is 1ms , then restoring force t = 0. The speed of particle at x = 6 cm from
acting on the body at a phase angle 60 from0 mean position is
extreme position is
1) 0.5 N 2) 1 N 3) 2 N 4) 4 N
OSCILLATIONS DUE TO SPRING
20. A body of mass ‘m’ is suspended to an ideal spring
of force constant ‘k’. The expected change in 1) 4 cm/s 2) 10 cm/s 3) 80 cm/s 4) 50 cm/s
the position of the body due to an additional force 26. A mass M is suspended from a spring of neg-
‘F’ acting vertically downwards is ligible mass . The spring is pulled a little and
3F 2F 5F 4F then released so that the mass executes simple
1) 2) 3) 4) harmonic motion with time period T. If the
2K K 2K K Mass is increased by ‘m’ then the time period
21. A spring balance has a scale that reads 0 to 20
kg. The length of the scale is 10 cm. A body  5T 
m 
suspended from this balance, when displaced becomes  4  the ratio  M  is
 
π
and released, oscillates with period of s. 9 25 16 4
10 1) 2) 3) 4)
The mass of the body is 16 16 9 3
1) 2.45 kg 2) 4.9 kg 3) 9.8 kg 4) 19.6 kg 27. Two masses m 1 and m 2 are suspended from a
22. When a body of mass 1.0 kg is suspended from spring of spring constant ‘k’. When the masses
a certain light spring hanging vertically, its are in equilibrium, m1 is gently removed. The
length increases by 5 cm. By suspending 2.0 angular frequency and amplitude of oscillation
kg block to the spring and if the block is pulled of m2 will be respectively
through 10 cm and released, the maximum K m1 g K m2 g
velocity of it in m/s is (g = 10m/s 2 ) 1) m , K 2) m , K
2 1
1) 0.5 2) 1 3) 2 4) 4
23. A spring of force constant k is cut into two parts K m2 g K m1 g
whose lengths are in the ratio 1 : 2. The two 3) m , K 4) m , K
2 1

40
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
28. A block of mass M suspended from a spring one quarter of the string can follow the pen-
oscillates with time period T. If spring is cut in dulum bob when it swings to the left of the
to two equal parts and same mass M is equilibrium position. When pendulum is re-
suspended from one part , new period of
oscillation is ( EAM-2011) leased from rest as shown, the time it takes to
come back to its initial position is
T
1) 2) 2T 3) T 4) 2T
2
SIMPLE PENDULUM 3l/ 4
29. The metallic bob of a simple pendulum has the l
relative density ρ . The time period of this
pendulum is T. If the metallic bob is immersed
in water, then the new time period is
1) T/2 2) 3T/4 3) T/4 4) T
 ρ −1   ρ  ρ −1 ρ
1) T  2) T  ρ −1  3) T ρ 4) T ρ −1 DAMPED OSCILLATIONS
 ρ   
30. A simple pendulum with a brass bob has a 36. A particle of mass m is attached to a spring of
period T. The bob is now immersed in a non- spring constant ‘k’ and has a natural
viscous liquid and oscillated. If the density of frequency ωo . An external force F(t)
proportional to cos ωt ( ω ≠ ωo ) is applied to
the liquid is 1/8th of brass, the time period of
the same pendulum will be
the oscillator. The maximum displacement of
8 8 64 the oscillator will be proportional to
1) T 2) T 3) T 4) T
7 7 49 m 1
31. A pendulum clock is taken 1 km inside the 1) ω 2 + ω 2 2) m ( ω 2 − ω 2 )
earth from mean sea level. Then the pendulum o o
clock 1 m
1) loses 13.5 s per day 2) gains 13.5 s per day 3) m ( ω + ω ) 4) ( ω − ω 2 )
2 2 2
3) loses 7s per day 4) gains 7s per day o o
32. A simple pendulum of lengthl is connected to LEVEL - II (C.W)-KEY
the ceiling of a vehicle that is moving down 01) 2 02) 4 03) 4 04) 3 05) 3 06) 1
along a smooth inclined plane 4 in 5. Then its 07) 1 08) 2 09) 1 10) 2 11) 2 12) 3
period of oscillation is 13) 3 14) 3 15) 1 16) 2 17) 2 18) 2
5l 4l 5l 3l 19) 2 20) 2 21) 2 22) 2 23) 1 24) 1
1) 2π 4g 2) 2π 5 g 3) 2π 3 g 4) 2π 5 g 25) 3 26) 1 27) 1 28) 1 29) 4 30) 1
31) 3 32) 3 33) 3 34) 2 35) 2 36) 2
33. A pendulum suspended from the roof of an
elevator at rest has a time period T1 . When LEVEL-II ( C. W )-HINTS
the elevator moves up with an acceleration its 1) X = Asin ( ωt + φ) ;T = 2π
time period becomes T2 . When the elevator ω
moves down with same acceleration its time  2π   2π 
2) y1 = A sin  × t1  ; y2 = A sin  × (t1 + t2 ) 
period becomes T3 , then T  T 
1) T1 = (T3T2 ) 2) T = ( T 2 + T 2 ) Distance travelled in second ; y2 = y2 − y1 1
3 1 2
d2y
2T2T3 T 2
3) a = 2 = 0 at mean position, particle is initially
3) T1 = 4) T1 =
2
dt
T2 + T3 2 2
T3 moving towards positive extreme.
34. Time period of a simple pendulum inside a lift  2π 
4) y1 = A sin  × t  ; V = ω A2 − y12
that is accelerating up at 2ms -2 is T1 . If lift is T 
retarding down at 6ms -2 then time period of dy1
same pendulum is T1 . Then T1 /T2 is 5) v1 = = A1ω1 cos ( ω1t + φ1 )
dt
1 4 3 dy
1)
3
2)
3
3)
4
4) 3 v2 = 2 = A2ω2 sin ( ω2t +φ2 ) ∆ φ = φ1 − φ 2
dt
35. A pendulum has a period T for small oscilla
v x 1 1 1
tions. An obstacle P is fixed directly beneath 6) ω= ; = ; 7) f = T ; h = 2 gt 2 ; T = 2t
R a ω2
the point of suspension so that only the lower
41
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

8) V = ω A2 − x 2 ; a = ω 2x 25) A =
F
,ω =
K
; V = ω A2 − x2
3
1/2
3
1/2 K m
9) V = Aω ; ω A2 − x2 = Aω T 1 M + m
2 2 26) =
T M
10) a = − β X ; X = x − 2 ;T = 2π
X
a K mg
27) ω = ; A = 1 asm1 isremoved
V12 y 22 −V 22y 12 m2 K
11) A = ; length of the path = 2A
V12 −V 22
m
28) T = 2π
1 g K
12) Fmax = ;13) V = ω A2 − x2 ; a = ω 2 x
2π A l l  ρ liq 
29) T = 2 π ; T ' = 2π ; g eff = g  1 − 
ρ bob 
T1T2 π
g g 
T=
eff

14) 2 ;15) x = A sin ( ωt + φ ) , φ = T 1  d

T1 + T2
2
4 30) T 1 = 31) T α ; g 1 = g 1 − 
dl g  R
1
KEmax = K0 = mω 2a 2 ; y = a sin ωt 1−
16) ds
2
17) P.E. ∝ x2 l 1
32) T = 2π 33) Tα
A g c o sθ g
18) f max = mAω 2 = 50 N ; PE=KE at x =
2 T g + a2
34) T =
1

f = mω x 2
2 g + a1

4π 2 m π T T1 l T
19) K= ,Vmax = Aω ; F = Kx = KACos 35) t = + ; T 1 = 2π
4g
=
2
2
3 2 2
T
1 2 1 36) For forced oscillations x = xo sin ( ωt + φ ) and
20) mgx = Kx ;( mg + F ) x1 = K (x1 ) 2
2 2 F = Fo cos ( ωt ) where
A= x − x
1
Fo / m
xo =
m  bω 
2
21) T = 2π ; M g = K L ; g = 9.8 ms −2 (ω o2 − ω 2 )
2
+ 
K  m 
mg m K here damping is zero ( b=0 )
22) K= ; T = 2π ,ω = , Vmax = Aω
x K m LEVEL -II (H.W)
m
23) T = 2π DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND
K1 + K2
ACCELERATION
1. Four simple harmonic vibrations
 π 
x1 = 8sin (ω t ) , x 2 = 6 s i n  ω t +
2 
,

 3π 
x 3 = 4sin ( ω t + π ) and x 4 = 2sin  ω t +
24)  2 
are superimposed on each other. The resulting
amplitude is.... units.
The angular frequency under all circumstances is 1) 20 2) 8 2 3) 4 2 4) 4
2. A particle in SHM has a period of 4 s. It takes
K
ω =   .When elevator is moving up, the time t1 to start from mean position and reach
m half the amplitude in another case it takes a
equation of motion T = m ( g + a ) time t 2 to start from extreme position and
reach half the amplitude, then
F T
elongation in the spring x = = t1 t1 1 t1 t1
K K 1) t = 1 2) t = 2 3) t = 2 4) t = 3
2 2 2 2

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
3. A sewing machine needle is oscillating simple 11. A particle undergoes SHM along a straight line
harmonically in a vertical line of length 6 cm and its velocities while passing through points
with a frequency 30 per minute. The 3cm and 4cm from the mean position are 16cm/
displacement of the needle 1/6s after crossing s and 12cm/s respectively. Its time period is
the mean position is
π 3π
1) 3 3 cm 2) 3 cm 3) 3 cm 4) 1.5 cm 1) s 2) π s 3) s 4) 2 π s
2 2
4. A particle in SHM is described by the 12. A block of 0.5 kg is placed on a horizontal
displacement function x ( t ) = A cos ( ωt + φ) . If platform. The system is making vertical
the initial (t = 0) position of the particle is 1 oscillations about a fixed point with a
−1
cm, its initial velocity is π cms and its angular frequency of 0.5Hz. The maximum
displacement of oscillation, if the block does
frequency is π rad s−1 , then the amplitude of not lose contact with the horizontal platform is
its motion is nearly
1) π cm 2) 2 cm 3) 2 cm 4) 1cm 1) 0.5 m 2) 0.75 m 3) 1 m 4) 1.2 m
5. The equation of the displacement of two particles 13. The equation of a SHM is given by
making SHM are represented by y1 = a  2 π t 
y = 10sin  + α  where y is in cm and t in
sin (ω t + φ ) & y2 = a cos (ω t ) . Phase difference  3 
seconds. If the displacement is 5 cm at t = 0,
between velocities of two particles is
the total phase at t = 0.75 s
π π
1) + φ 2) − φ 3) φ 4) φ − π 2π 2π π
2 2 1) rad 2) rad 3) rad 4) rad
6. The displacement of a particle executing S.H.M 3 5 3 2
from its mean position is given by 14. Due to some force F1 a body oscillates with
x = 0.5sin (10πt + φ ) cos (10π t + φ ) . The ratio period 4/5s and due to other force F 2 it
oscillates with period 3/5 s. If both the forces
of the maximum velocity to the maximum acts simultaneously in same direction then
acceleration of the body is given by
new period is
1 1 1) 0.72 s 2) 0.64 s 3) 0.48 s 4) 0.36 s
1) 20π 2) 3) 4) 10π
20p 10p ENERGY OF A PARTICLE
7. The velocities of a body executing SHM at EXECUTING SHM
displacement ‘a’ and ‘b’ are ‘b’ and ‘a’ 15. The total mechanical energy of a harmonic
respectively. The amplitude of SHM is oscillator of amplitude 1m and force constant
1) a + b 2) a-b 3) a 2 + b 2 4) a 2 - b 2 200 N/m is 150J. Then
8. The equation for the displacement of a particle 1)The minimum P E is Zero 2)The maximum P E is 100 J
executing SHM is y = 5sin ( 2π t ) cm . Find 3)The minimum PE is50J 4)The maximum PE is 50J
(i) velocity at 3cm from the mean position 16. Starting from the origin, a body oscillates
(ii) acceleration at 0.5s after leaving the mean simple harmonically with a period of 2 s. After
position what time will its kinetic energy be 75% of the
1) 8π cms −1 , 0cms −2 2) 6π cms −1 , 20π 2cms −2 total energy?
1) 1/12 s 2) 1/6 s 3) 1/4s 4) 1/3s
3) 4π cms −1 , 0cms −2 4) 2π cms −1 , 20π 2cms −2
17. Ratio of kinetic energy to potential energy of
9. Displacement of a point mass executing SHO
an oscillator when it is at distance 1/Ntimes of
is given by x = a sin (ω t + π / 6 ) . After the amplitude from mean position is (EAM -14)
elapse of what fraction of the time period the
velocity of the point will be equal to half of its 1
maximum velocity ? 1) N 2 + 1 2) N 2 3)2 4) N 2 − 1
1) T/3 2) T/12 3) T/8 4) T/6 N
10. A force of 4 dynes is present on a particle of 18. A body performs SHM along the straight line
mass 4g on X-axis. If it is at rest at x=10 cm ABCDE with C as midpoint of AE. Its kinetic
initially, th equation for its motion is energies at B and D are each one fourth of its
 d2x   dx 
2
maximum value. If AE = 2A, then the distance
1)  dt 2  + x = 0 2)   + x = 0 between B and D is
   dt 
 d 2x   dx 
2
1) A 2) A 2 3) A 3 4) A 5
3)  dt 2  + 16x = 0 4)   + 16x = 0
   dt 
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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

19. The potential energy of a simple harmonic 24. A body of mass m is suspended from three springs
oscillator of mass 2 kg at its mean position is as shown in figure. If mass m is displaced slightly
5 J. If its total energy is 9 J and its amplitude then time period of oscillation is
is 0.01m, then time period will be
m 3m
π π π π K 1) 2π 2) 2π
1) s 2) s 3) s 4) s 3K 2K
100 50 20 10
2m 3K
3) 2π 4) 2π
K K
OSCILLATIONS DUE TO SPRING
3K m
20. Two masses M and m are suspended together
m
by a massless spring of force constant k. When 25. A load of mass ‘M’ is attached to the bottom
the masses are in equilibrium, M is removed of a spring of mass ‘M / 3’ and spring constant
without disturbing the system then the ‘K’. If the system is set into oscillation, the
amplitude of oscillation is time period of oscillation is
1)Mg / k 2)mg / k 3)(M + m)g / k 4)(M - m)g / k
21. A light spiral spring supports 200g weight at 2 π 10M M M M
1) 2) 4 π 3) 4 π 4) 2 π
its lower end oscillates with a period of 1s. The 3 K 3K K 3K
weight that must be removed from the lower 26. The time period of a mass loaded spring is ‘T’.
end to reduce the period to 0.5s is If 20% of its turns are cut and removed and
1) 100g 2) 50g 3) 150g 4) 200g same mass is attached to the remaining spring
22. A block of mass M is placed on a smooth table. then it oscillates with a period of
Its two sides are attached to the fixed walls by 5T 5T 4T 2T
means of collinear horizontal springs of spring 1) 2) 3) 4)
4 2 5 5
constants K1 and K2 respectively (K1 > K2 ) as 27. Three masses 700g, 500g and 400g are
shown in the figure. The block is made to suspended at the end of the spring and they
oscillate horizontally along the line of two are in equilibrium. When the 700g mass is
springs. The frequency of its oscillation is removed, the system oscillates with a period
K1 K2 of 3s. when the 500g mass is also removed, it
will oscillate with a period of
12
1)1 s 2) 2 s 3) 3 s 4) s
5
28. Four massless springs whose force constants
1  KK  1 M  are 2K, 2K, K and 2K respectively are
  2) 2π  K + K 
1 2
2π  ( K + K ) M 
1) attached to a mass M kept on a frictionless
 1 2   1 2
plane (as shown in figure). If the mass M is
1  K1 + K2  1  K1 − K2  displaced in the horizontal direction, then the
3)   4)   frequency of the system
2π  M  2π  M 

23. Infinite springs with force constants K

2K 2K
k,2k,4k,8k,.... respectively are connected in M
series to which mass ‘m’ is attached. The
2K
frequency of small oscillations is... |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 2K 1 K 1 K 1 4K
1) f = 2) f = 1) 2)
2π m 2π m 2π 4M 2π M
1 K 1 2048 K
3) f = 4) f = 1 K 1 7K
2π 2m 2π m 3) 4)
2π 7M 2π M

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

SIMPLE PENDULUM DAMPED OSCILLATIONS

29. A Seconds pendulum is suspended from roof 36. In forced oscillation of a particle, the amplitude
of a vehicle that is moving along a circular is maximum for a frequency ω1 while the
10 energy is maximum for a frequency ω 2 of the
track of radius m with speed 10m/s. Its
3 force. then
1) ω1 < ω2 2) ω1 > ω2
period of oscillation will be ( g =10m/s 2 )
3) ω1 < ω2 when damping is small and ω1 > ω2
1) 2s 2) 2s 3)1s 4) 0.5s
when damping is large
30. If the length of a seconds pendulum is increased
4) ω1 = ω2
by 2% then in a day the pendulum
LEVEL - II (H.W)-KEY
1) loses 764 s 2) loses 964 s
01) 3 02) 2 03) 4 04) 3 05) 4 06) 2
3) gains 764 s 4) loses 864 s
07) 3 08) 1 09) 2 10) 1 11) 1 12) 3
31. Two simple pendulums have time periods T and 13) 3 14) 3 15) 3 16) 2 17) 4 18) 3
5T/4. They start vibrating at the same instant 19) 1 20) 1 21) 3 22) 3 23) 3 24) 2
from the mean position in the same phase. The 25) 1 26) 4 27) 2 28) 2 29) 1 30) 4
phase difference between them when the 31) 4 32) 1 33) 4 34) 3 35) 4 36) 1
pendulum with higher time period completes LEVEL-II (H.W) HINTS
one oscillation is 1) Ares = ( A1 − A3 )2 + ( A2 − A4 ) 2
1) 30 0 2) 45 0 3) 60 0 4) 90 0
A A
32. Two simple pendulums of lengths 100m and 2) = A sin(ωt1) ; = A cos(ωt2 )
2 2
121m start swinging together. They will swing 3) A = 3 cm, T = 2 sec; y = A sin ωt
together again after 4) v = ω a2 − y2
1) the longer pendulum makes 10 oscillations
dy
2) the shorter pendulum makes 10 oscillations 5) v1 = 1 = aω cos(ωt + φ )
dt
3) the longer pendulum makes 11 oscillations
dy2 π
4) the shorter pendulum makes 20 oscillations v2 = = −aω sin(ωt ) ; ∆φ = φ −
dt 2
33. A seconds pendulum is attached to roof of a
6) x = A sin (ω t + φ ) cos (ω t + φ )
car that is moving with acceleration 10m/s 2 on
A
a straight road.Its frequency of oscillation is = sin ( 2ω t + 2φ )
2
1 1 7) v = ω A2 − Y 2
1) Hz 2) 1Hz 3) Hz 4) −3/4
2 Hz
2 2 8) v = ω A2 − x 2 , a = ω 2 x = ω 2 A sin ωt
34. A seconds pendulum is attached to roof of a car A v A
9) at t=0 x = , v = max at x = 3
that is sliding down along a smooth inclined plane 2 2 2
of inclination 600 . Its period of oscillation is ∆ t = t 2 − t1
1) 2s 2) 2s 3) 2 2s 4)1s d2x
10) F = - 4x , ma = - 4x , ⇒ 2
+ ω2x = 0
35. The time period of a pendulum whose length dt
is equal to radius of the earth is y −y
2 2
11) T = 2π 22 12
1) Infinity 2) Zero v1 − v2
3) 84.6 minutes 4) 42.3 2 minutes 12) mg = FSHM + N ; mg = mω 2 A +0 (Q N = 0 )

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NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

π  π LEVEL - III
13) a = ; phase difference =  ω t + 
6  6
1. Two particles are executing SHM in a straight
1
14) Fα 2 line with same amplitude A and time period T.
T At time t = 0, one particle is at displacement
1
15) KEmax = KA2 ; TE = KEmax + U min x1 = + A and the other at x2 = − A / 2 and they
2 are approaching towards each other. After what
3 A time they cross each other?
16) KE = TE ⇒ y = ; y = A sin ωt
4 2 T T 5T T
1) 2) 3) 4)
KE A − x
2 2
1 3 4 6 6
17) = 2 18) KE = KEmax 2. Two particles undergo SHM along the same
PE x 4
∆F Mg line with the same time period (T) and equal
19) TE = PE + KE 20) A = = amplitude (A). At a particular instant one is at
K K
x = − A and the other is at x = 0 . If they start
21) T ∞ m 22) The springs are parallel moving in the same direction then they will cross
1 1 1 1 1 each other at
1 Keff
23) k = k + 2k + 4k + 8k + ... ; f =
eff 2π m A B
m m spring x = -A x=0 x = +A
M block +
24) T = 2π k ; 25) T = 2π 3 (i) t =
4T
(ii) t =
3T
(iii) x =
A
(iv) x =
A
eff 3 8 2 2
K
m 1 m 1) only i,iii are correct 2) only i,iv are correct
26) T = 2π ,Kα 27) T = 2π
K l K 3) only ii,iii are correct 4) only ii,iv are correct
1 Keff 3. A particle is executing SHM on a straight line.
28) f = A and B are two points at which its velocity is
2π m zero. It passes through a certain point
l v2 P(AP<PB) at successive intervals of 0.5s and
T = 2π ;a =
29) 2 2 R 1.5s with a speed of 3m/s. The maximum speed
g +a of the particle is
30) loss or gain of time per second is 1) 3m/s 2) 3 2m / s 3) 3 3m / s 4) 6 m/s
4. A particle is executing SHM on a straight line.
T2 − T1 l2 − l1
= A and B are two points at which its velocity
T1 l1 is zero. The particle is crossing certain point
X (AX < XB ) at successive intervals of 1.2s
31) φ = ωt 32) nTs = (n − 1)Tl and 3.6s with a speed of 4 m/s. The ratio
AX
1 g 2 + a2 l is
33) f = 34) T = 2π XB

2π l g cosθ 2 2 −1 3 − 2 2 +1
1) 2) 3) 4)
1 2 +1 2 +1 3 + 2 2 −1
T = 2π 5. Vertical displacement of a plank with a body
1 1 
35) g +  of mass ‘m’ on it is varying according to law
l R
y = sin ωt + 3cos ωt . The minimum value of
F/m
36) xo =
amplitude is maximum when ω for which mass just breaks off the plank and
 bω 
2

(ω − ω2 ) +  the instant of time first it occurs are

2 2
o 
 m  π
g π 2 g
,
2
1) , 2)
ω1 = ω − 2γ 2
o
2
and energy is maximum when 2 6 g 2 3 g
g π 2 2π
ω 2 = ωo 3) ,
2 3 g
4) 2g ,
3g

46
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
6. A particle is performing simple harmonic mo- 10. The displacement x of a particle in motion is
tion having time period 3s is in phase with an- given in terms of time by
other particle which is also undergoing simple
x ( x − 4 ) = 1 − 5cos ωt
harmonic motion at t = 0 . The time period
of second particle is T (less than 3s). If they 1) the particle executes SHM
are again in the same phase for the third time 2) the particle executes oscillatory motion which is
after 45s, then the value of T is not SHM
1) 2.8s 2) 2.7s 3) 2.5s 4) 3.2s
3) the motion of the particle is neither oscillatory
7. If a particle slides back and forth between
two smooth planes as shown in figure then cor- nor simple harmonic
rect statement is 4) the particle is not acted upon by a force when it
is at x = 4
h 11. Three SHO’s of equal amplitude A and equal
θ θ
a) The motion is oscillatory b) The motion is SHM time period combine in the same direction. The
c) If h is the initial height, then its period difference in phase between successive SHO’s
4 2h is 60o ahead of the other. The amplitude of the
T=
sin θ g resultant oscillation is
d) If h is the height , then its period 1) A 2) 2A 3) 0 4) 4A
2 2h 12. The potential energy of a particle oscillating
T=
sin θ g on x-axis is given as U=20+(x-2)2 . The mean
1) a,b 2) b,c 3) c,d 4) a,c
position is at
8. A simple pendulum executing SHM in a straight
line has zero velocity at ‘A’ and ‘B’ whose 1) x = 2m 2) x = 1m 3) x = 3m 4) x = 4m
distances from ‘O’ in the same line OAB are ‘a’ 13. A particle of mass 4g is in a gravitational
potential V = ( 800x2 +150) erg / g. Its frequency
and ‘b’ . If the velocity half way between them is
‘v’ then its time period is
of oscillation is
π(b + a ) b −a
1) 2) π  
v  v  5 1
Hz 3) 50π Hz 4)
50
1) Hz 2) Hz
b+a  b−a  π 5π π
3)   4)  
 2v   2v  14. A particle free to move along the x-axis has
9. The x - t graph of a particle undergoing simple potential energy given by

U ( x ) = k 1 − exp ( − x 2 ) 
harmonic motion is shown in figure.
Acceleration of particle at t=4/3s is for − ∞ ≤ x ≤ +∞ ,
where k is a positive constant of appropriate
1 dimensions . Then
x 1) at points away from the origin, the particle is in
(cm) 0 t(sec) unstable equilibrium
4 8 12
2) for any finite non-zero value of x, there is a force
-1
directed away from the origin
3 2 −π 2 3) if its total mechanical energy is k/2 it has its
1) π cm / s 2 2) cm / s 2
32 32 minimum kinetic energy at the origin.
π2 3 2 4) for small displacements from x =0 , the motion is
3) cm / s 2 4) − π cm / s 2
32 32 SHM

47
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

15. The variation of potential energy (U) of a 18. The mass M shown in the figure oscillates in
simple harmonic oscillator is as shown. Then simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. The
force constant of the system is (PE is in joules, amplitude of the point P is
displacement ‘x’ is in mm)
k1 k2
U(J) P
0.04

0.01 K1A K2A K1A K2 A

x (mm) 1) K 2) K 3) K + K 4) K + K
20 mm 2 1 1 2 1 2

19. A block (B) is attached to two unstretched

1) 100 N/m 2) 150 N/m springs S1 and S2 with spring constants k and
200 4k respectively (fig i). The other ends are
3) N/m 4) 300 N/m
3 attached to identical supports M 1 and M 2 not
16. A mass of 0.98 kg suspended using a spring of attached to the walls. The springs and supports
constant K = 300 Nm −1 is hit by a bullet of 20g have negligible mass. There is no friction any
moving with a velocity 3 m/s vertically. The where. The block B is displaced towards wall
bullet gets embedded and oscillates with the 1 by a small distance x (fig, ii) and released.
mass. The amplitude of oscillation is (neglect The block returns and moves a maximum
gravity) distance y towards wall 2. Displacements x and
1) 0.15 cm 2) 0.12 cm 3) 1.2 cm 4) 0.35 cm y are measured with respect to the equilibrium
17. A small block is connected to one end of a position of the block B. The ratio y/x is
massless spring of unstretched length 4.9 m.
The other end of the spring(see the figure) is 2 M B M1 1
2 S2 S1
fixed. The system lies on a horizontal (i)
frictionless surface. The block is stretched by
0.2 m and released from rest at t = 0. It then x
executes simple harmonic motion with angular
2 M2 M1 1
π  S2 B S1
frequency ω =   radian/s. (ii)
3
z
1) 4 2) 2 3) 1/2 4) 1/4
v 20. A spring is loaded with two blocks m1 and m2
45° where m1 is rigidly fixed with the spring and
O x
10 cm P
m2 is just kept on the block m1 . The maximum
Simultaneously, at t = 0, a small pebble is
energy of oscillation is possible for the system
projected with speed ‘ v’ from point ‘P’ at an
having the block m2 in contact with m1 is
angle of 450 as shown in the figure. point P is
at a horizontal distance of 10m from O. If the m2 g 2 m2 g 2
1) 1 2) 2
pebble hits the block at t = 1sec, the value of 2K 2K
‘v’ is : (take g = 10m/s 2 )
( m1 + m2 )
2
g2 ( m1 + m 2 ) g
3) 4)
1) 50m / s 2) 51 m / s 3) 52 m / s 4) 53 m / s 2K 2K

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21. A load of mass m falls from a height h on to 24. There is a spring with natural length L0 . Two
the scale pan hung from a spring as shown in masses m1 and m2 are connected to both of its
the adjoining figure. If the spring constant is k ends as shown in figure. The whole system is
held at rest. At any time t = 0, m2 is released
and mass of the scale pan is zero and the mass
and system starts free fall. Initial stretched
m does not bounce relative to the pan, then
length of spring before fall is L. What is the
the amplitude of vibration is displacement of centre of mass as a function
mg mg  2hK  of time?
1) 2)  1+ 
K K  mg  m1
1 2
mg mg  2hK  1) gt 2 2) gt
3) + 1+  2
K K  mg 
m g
mg mg  2hK  m1 + m2
− 1 +  g 2
4) 4) m m × t
h t
K K  mg  m2 3)
K 1 2

22. A block P of mass m is placed on a friction less 25. A pendulum of mass m and length L is
horizontal surface. Another block Q of same connected to a spring as shown in figure.If the
mass is kept on P and connected to the wall bob is displaced slightly from its mean position
with the help of a spring of spring constant k and released, it performs simple harmonic
as shown in the figure. µ s is the coefficient of motion. The angular frequency of the
friction between P and Q. The blocks moves oscillation of bob is
together performing SHM of amplitude A . The
maximum value of the friction force between
h g Kh 2 + mgL
P and Q is 1) 2)
L mL2
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||

L
KA
K 1) KA 2)
Q µ 2 s
K 3g Kh 2
3) 4)
m L mL2
3)zero 4) µs mg
P Smooth
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 26. A small block is connected to a massless rod,
23. Two blocks lie on each other and connected to which inturns attached to a spring of force
a spring as shown in figure. What should be constant ( K = 2 N / m ) as shown in the fig. The
the mass of blocks A placed on block B of mass block is displaced down slightly and left free.
6 kg, so that the system’s period is 0.75 s ? Find it’s time period.
Assume no slipping, what should be the 2m 6m
minimum value of coefficient of static friction
µ s for which block A will not slip relative to
block B, if block B is displaced 50 mm from K = 2N/m
equilibrium position and released? 8 kg
k = 600 N/m A = m kg µs
B = 6 kg
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1) π sec 2) 2π sec 3) 6π sec 4) 12π sec
1) 2 kg , µs = 0.4 2) 4.2 kg , µs = 0.358
3) 2.56 kg , µ s ≥ 0.358 4) 2.56 kg , µ s ≤ 0.358

49
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 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

27. In the device shown in the figure, the block of 30. One end of a spring of force constant k is fixed
mass 20kg is displaced down slightly and to a vertical wall and the other to a body of
released, it starts oscillating. Pulleys are mass m resting on a smooth horizontal surface.
smooth and massless, strings and springs are There is another wall at a distancex0 from the
also massless. Find the time period of body. The spring is then compressed by 2x0
oscillation ( K1 = 4 N / m, K2 = 4 N / m) and released. The time taken to strike the
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
wall is
k1
1)2 π s 2) 4 π s x0

|||||||||||||||||||||||
A B
m=20kg

k=
2 4N/m 3) 10 π s 4) π s 2x0
C
|||||||||||||

28. A tray of mass 12kg is supported by two π m m 2π m π

m
1) 2) 3) 4)
identical springs as shown in the figure. When 6 K K 3 K 4
K
the tray is pressed down slightly and released, 31. A simple pendulum of length 4.9 m is immersed
it executes SHM with a time period of 1.5s. in a liquid of density ρ = 0.4 kg/m3 . Then the
When a block is placed on the tray, the period time period of pendulum is (density of bob=
of SHM changes to 3.0s. What is the mass of 0.8kg/m3 )
1) π s 2) 3 π s 3)2 π s 4) π /2s
the block?
32. A simple pendulum is hanging from a peg
m inserted in a vertical wall. Its bob is stretched
1) 18 kg 2) 36 kg
to horizontal position from wall and is left free
to move, the bob hits the wall. If coefficient of
3) 9kg 4) 27 kg 2
|||||||||||||||||||||||| restitution is . After how many collisions
5
29. A particle of mass ‘m’ is attached to three the amplitude of vibration will become less than
identical springs A,B and C each of force 600 .
constant ‘K’ as shown in figure. If the particle 1) 6 2) 3 3) 5 4) 4
of mass ‘m’ is pushed slightly against the 33. A particle of mass m is allowed to oscillate near
the minimum of a vertical parabolic path hav-
spring ‘A’ and released the period of ing the equation x 2 = 4ay . The angular fre-
oscillations is quency of small oscillation is given by
y
C B m
1) T = 2π
K m
90°
FC FB 2m
0m 2) T = 2π g x
135° 135°
K
m
FA 3) T = 2π
2K  g  g
1) gh 2) 2gh 3)  2 a  4) a
4) T = π
m    
A
K

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
34. Find the time period of oscillations of a body M 3M
(in seconds ) placed in a tunnel dug into earth 1) 2π 2) 2π
any where in the earth (approximately) K K
M 3M
x 3) 2π 4) 2π
2K 2K
39. A block of mass ‘m’ collides perfectly
Fg inelastically with another identical block
y Fg
θ connected to a spring of force constant ‘K’.
O θ The amplitude of resulting SHM will be
F

1) 1600π 2) 100π 3) 2π 4) 10π m m K 2K

1) 2)V 3)V 4)V
35. A simple pendulum of length L having bob of K 2K m m
mass M is vibrating with amplitude a. Then 40. A system shown in figure, consists of a
the maximum tension in the string is massless pulley, a spring of force constant k =
10N/m and a block of mass 0.4kg. If block is
  a 2 
1) Mg 2) Mg 1 +  L   just slightly displaced vertically down from its
    equilibrium position and released, then the
2 2 period of vertical oscillations is
 a  a 
3) Mg 1 +
 L 4) Mg 1 +
 2L 
   
36. The angular amplitude of a simple pendulum π π
1) s 2) s
is θ 0 . The maximum tension in the string is 2 5
1) mg (1 − θ0 ) 2) mg (1 + θ 0 )
(
3) mg 1 − θ 0
2
) (
4) mg 1 + θ 0
2
) 2π
37. The bob of a simple pendulum is displaced from 3) π s 4) s
5
its equilibrium position ‘O’ to a position ‘Q’
which is at a height ‘h’ above ‘O’ and the bob
is then released. Assuming the mass of the 41. The collision between both blocks shown in
bob to be ‘m’ and time period of oscillation to figure is completely inelastic. The total energy
be 2.0 s, the tension in the string when the bob of oscillation after collision is
passes through ‘O’ is
1) m ( g + 2π 2 h ) 2) m ( g + π 2 h )
 π2   π2 
3) m  g + 2 h  4) m  g + 3 h  1 2
m v
mv 2 mv 2 mv 2
    1)
2
2)
8
3)
4
4)
32
38. A disc of mass M is attached to a horizontal
massless spring of force constant K so that it 42. Two identical particles each of mass 0. 5 kg
can roll with out slipping along a horizontal are interconnected by a light spring of stiffness
surface. If the disc is pulled a little towards 100N/m, time period of small oscillation is ...
right and then released, its centre of mass k
executes SHM with a period of m
m

π π π π
1) s 2) s 3) s 4) s
5 2 10 2 5 10

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 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

OTHER SHO LEVEL - III-KEY

43. Time period of a simple pendulum of length 01) 4 02) 4 03) 2 04) 2 05) 1 06) 3
‘L’ is T1 and time period of a uniform rod of 07) 4 08) 2 09) 4 10) 1 11) 2 12) 1
13) 2 14) 4 15) 2 16) 4 17) 1 18) 4
the same length ‘L’ pivoted about one end and
19) 3 20) 3 21) 2 22) 2 23) 3 24) 2
oscillating in a vertical plane is T2 . Amplitude 25) 2 26) 4 27) 3 28) 2 29) 3 30) 3
of oscillations in both the cases is small. Then 31) 3 32) 2 33) 3 34) 1 35) 2 36) 4
T1 37) 1 38) 4 39) 2 40) 2 41) 3 42) 4
T2 is 43) 3 44) 1 45) 3 46) 1 47) 1 48) 4
LEVEL-III-HINTS
1) 4 2) 1 3) 3 4) 2
3 2 3
1)
44. A rod with rectangular cross section oscillates x = -A/2 x=0 x = +A
about a horizontal axis passing through one of T T
its ends and it behaves like a seconds Total time = 2t = +
4 12
pendulum, its length will be T T
1) 1.5 m 2) 1 m 3) 3 m 4) 2 m 2) Time after which they meet t = + ,
4 8
45. In an experiment with bar pendulum having T
four holes, the same time period is recorded t ' = , x = A cos ( ωt )
when it is suspended at distances 12 cm, 24 8
cm, 40 cm and 52cm respectively from one end. 3) T=2 sec , v = ω A 2 − x2 , v = 3 m/sec
The length of bar pendulum is A
at x = , vmax = Aω
1) 84 cm 2) 72 cm 3) 64 cm 4) 60 cm 2
46. A solid sphere of radius ‘r’ is kept on a concave A X 4 m/s B
mirror of radius of curvature R. The
4) 1.2sec
arrangement is kept on a horizontal table. If
the sphere is displaced from its equilibrium 3.6sec
1.2 T
position and left, then it executes SHM. The T = 4.8sec, t = = 0.6sec =
2 8
period of oscillation will be (sphere does’t slip)
A AX A − x
x = − ; XB = A + x
1) 2π [ ( R − r )1.4/ g ] 2) 2π [ ( R − r) / g ] 2
5) A res = 2 Units; g = A r e s ω 2
3) 2π [ ( Rr / g ) ] 4) 2π [ ( R / gr ) ]
 π 
47. If the distance between the centre of gravity y = 2sin  ω t + 
 3 
and point of suspension of a compound
T 3A
pendulum is l and the radius of gyration about t = tomovefrom to A
12 2
the axis passing through its centre of gravity
is k, its time period will be infinite if  2π 2π 
6) ∆φ =  − ∆ t
1) l = 0 2) l = ∞ 3) l = k 4) l = 2k  T2 T1 
48. A disc of radius R and mass M is pivoted at 2l h
7) t= ; l=
the rim and is set for small oscillations . If g sin θ sin θ
simple pendulum has to have the same period 4 2h
as that of the disc , the length of the simple T = 4t =
sin θ g
pendulum should be
b−a 
5R 2R 3R 3R 8) v mean = Aω , A =  
1) 2) 3) 4)  2 
4 3 4 2  2π 
9) x = sin  t  ; a = −ω 2 x
 8 
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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

d 2 ( x − 2) −ω2 A = ( g / ω 2 ) for loosing contact ω =

k
( x − 2)
2
10) 2
= m1 + m 2
dt 4
∴ The particle executes SHM 1 2 ( m1 + m2 ) g
2 2

U max = kA =
( )
2
2 2k
11) R = 3a + a 2 = 2 a
21) F = kx0 and conservation of energy
12) U is minimum at mean position so mean position is
at x = 2m k
22) f max = mAω 2 , ω2 =
dU 2m
13) U = mv ; F = −
dx m1 + m2 Aω 2
23) T = 2π and µ =
− mω 2x = −m(1600x) ×10 −4 k g
U
U∞=K m1a1 + m2a2
24) acm = ; a1 = a2 = g
m1 + m2
14) 1 1
∴S = a cm t 2 = gt 2
x 2 2
O 25) τ res = −I α For small angular displacement θ
U ( 0) = K 1− e −0  = 0
so at x=0 particle has y
dU mgl sin θ + kyh = −I α sin θ ; θ ,tan θ = ; θ
stable equilibrium F =− α − x so force is h
dx
directed towards origin from above equation for b m
small displacements from x = 0 particle makes SHM 26) T = 2π a K
1 27) The given system is equivalent to
15) ∆U = KA
2

2
16) Law conservation of linear momentum and v = aω
17) As the pebble hits the block at t = 1 sec., hence K1

2vsin45 0
=1 ∴ v = 50 m / s
g K1K2' m
K 12 = 2 Keff = ; T = 2π
K
18) Let extensions in the springs be x1 and x2 , then 4 ;
x1 + x2 = A and k1 x1 = k2 x2 Solving, above two K1 + K 2' Keff
k2 A
equations, we get x1 = k + k
m

19) One end of each spring is fixed to block B while 28) T ' = M + m
1 2

other end is fixed to freely movable plates M1 and T M

M2 . When the block is displaced by x towards left, m
compression in S1 is x while S2 is in its relaxed T = 2π
position and when block moves a distance y in 29) ( 2k1 cos2 θ + k2 )
opposite direction measured from equilibrium
position, compression in spring S2 is y and spring 2θ = 90 0 ; k1 = k2 = k
S1 is in its natural position. As y is maximum distance T T T 2π m
towards wall 2, the kinetic energy of block at this 30) t AC = t AB + t BC = + = =
location is zero. Applying energy conservation at 4 12 3 3 k
k x 2 4 ky 2 y 1 l  ρ
two locations, = or = 31) T = 2π where g eff = g  1 − 
2 2 x 2 g eff  σ
20) m 2 g − N = m 2 a = m 2ω 2 A
32) hn = h e 2n = h [1 − cos60 ]
2n
1  2  1
= ⇒   =2
2n
a e
2  5
m2g N
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 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

33) f = −mg sin θ for small ‘θ ’ sin θ = tan θ

k2
dy 2x x +l L L2
f = −mg tan θ here tan θ = = = 44) T = 2π l here l = & K 2 =
dx 4a 2 a g 2 12
mgx
f =− = − mω x2 45) Holes should be at equal distance from either end
2a to have same time period.
x  
34. 
T = 2π 
(R −r )( 1 + β )  = 2π 
I
46)   ; 47) T  
g mgl
   
Fg Fg
y
θ T = 2π
I
= 2π
3R
= 2π
l
O θ 48) mgd
; 2g g
for simple pendulum
F
LEVEL - IV
MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS
F 1. Match the following
Acceleration of the body, a = List – I List – II
m
− GM a) Planets revolving
= ( xsin θ ) around the sun e) SHM
R3
GM b) Vibrations of a tuning
Substituting 2 = g and x sin θ =y, we get fork f) linear motion
R
c) Motion of projectile g) periodic motion
g d) Motion of a freely
a=− y = −ω 2 y
R falling body h) translatory motion
mv2max 1) a–g, b–e, c–h, d–f 2) a–h, b–f, c–g, d–e
35) Tmax = mg + 3) a–e, b–g, c–f, d–h 4) a–f, b–h, c–e, d–g
l 2. Match the following
mv max2 2 mgl
36) Tmax = mg + = mg + (1 − cos θ 0 ) List – I List - II
l l a) acceleration e) Asinω t
mv2 2 mgh b) time period f)A 2 ω cos ω t
37) Tmeanposn = mg + = mg +
c) displacement g) Aω cos ω t
l l
  d) velocity h) -Aω 2 sinω t
38) T = 2 π  m  1 + β  
  K  
 2π
A
i) g
1 1
39) m v = ( m + m ) v c ; ( 2m ) v2c = kA2 1) a–h, b–f, c–e, d–i 2) a–h, b–i, c–e, d–g
2 2
3) a–f, b–h, c–g, d–e 4) a–h, b–f, c–e, d–g
m
40) T = 2π K ; K eff = 4 K 3. For a particle executing SHM along a straight
eff line (displacement is measured from mean
41) At the time of maximum compression, all bodies position).
move with the velocity of centre of mass. The Column-I
maximum transfer of kinetic energy between C and
A takes place, when collision between A and C is a) velocity-time graph will be
perfectly elastic. b) acceleration-velocity graph may be
( m)( m) = m µ
c) acceleration-displacement graph will be
42) µ = ; T = 2π d) acceleration-time graph will be
m+ m 2 k Column-II
I p) straight line
43) T 1 = 2 π l
g
; T2 = 2π
Mgd q) circle
Ml 2 l r) ellipse
I = ,d =
3 2 s) sinusoidal curve
1) a-s, b-q,r, c-p, d-s 2) a-p, b-s,r, c-s, d-p
3) a-q, b-s,r, c-p, d-s 4) a-r, b-q,r, c-q, d-s
54
NARAYANA MEDICAL ACADEMY
NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS
4. Assuming the earth as an spherical body, for 10. Assertion : The length-time period graph for simple
seconds pendulum pendulum is a parabola.
Column-I Column-II Reason : The length and time period at a given
a) at pole p) T > 2s place are connected by the relation l = KT 2
b) on a satellite q) T < 2s
c) at mountain r) T = 2s (Where K is constant).
d) at centre of earth s) T = 0 11. Assertion : The work done by the tension in the
t) T > ∞ string of a simple pendulum in one complete
1) a-q, b-t, c-p, d-t 2) a-q, b-s, c-t, d-t oscillation is zero.
3) a-t, b-p, c-s, d-t 4) a-t, b-s, c-q, d-t Reason : No work is done by the tension in the
ASSERTION &REASON string since tension is always at right angles to the
In each of the following questions, a statement is motion of bob.
given and a corresponding statement or reason is 12. Assertion : In simple harmonic motion total
given just below it. In the statements, marks the mechanical energy can be negative also
correct answer as Reason : Potential energy is always negative and
1) both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason if it is greater than kinetic energy total mechanical
is correct explanation of Assertion. energy will be negative.
2) both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason 13. Assertion : The graph of potential energy and
is not the correct explanation of Assertion. kinetic energy of a particle in SHM with respect to
3) Assertion is true but Reason is false. position is a parabola.
4) both Assertion and Reason are false. Reason : Potential energy and kinetic energy do
5. Assertion : If amplitude is not small the motion of not vary linearly with position.
a simple pendulum will be oscillatory but not simple 14. Assertion : Velocity of a particle executing SHM
harmonic. is maximum at mean position.
Reason : Velocity of particle executing SHM is
Reason : Time period of simple pendulum is
independent of amplitude as long as its motion is ω A 2 − y2 .
simple harmonic. 15. A) : In damped vibrations, Amplitude of oscillation
6. Assertion : The displacement time for a particle in decreases.
SHM is sine curve, when the motion begins from R) : Damped vibrations indicate loss of energy due
to air resistance
mean position.
16. A) : SHM is an example of varying velocity and
Reason : The displacement of a particle in SHM varying acceleration.
when the motion begins from mean position is given R) : For a particle performing SHM in non-viscous
by y = A sin ωt . medium its total energy is constant
7. Assertion : The phase difference between 17. Assertion (A): All oscillatory motions are neces-
displacement and velocity in SHM is 900 . sarily periodic motion but all periodic motion are
Reason : The displacement is represented by not oscillatory.
Reason (R): Simple pendulum is an example of
y = A sin ωt and V = Aω cos ωt . oscillatory motion.
8. Assertion : A loaded spring oscillating with 18. Assertion (A): Water in a U-tube executes SHM,
frequency f continues to maintain the same the time period for mercury filled up to the same
frequency in an earth’s satellite height in the U-tube be greater than that in case of
Reason : Frequency of loaded spring is water.
Reason (R): The amplitude of an oscillating pen-
independent of acceleration due to gravity
dulum goes on increasing.
9. Assertion : The bob of pendulum is immersed in a 19. Assertion (A): Acceleration is proportional to the
non viscous liquid (denser than water) completely. displacement. This condition is not sufficient for
Time period of pendulum increases motion in simple harmonic
Reason : Effective acceleration due to gravity Reason (R): In simple harmonic motion direction
increases of displacement is also considered.

55
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 OSCILLATIONS NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III

20. Assertion (A): Sine and cosine functions are peri- 28. Assertion (A): In S.H.M., the motion is 'to and
odic functions fro' and periodic.
Reason (R): Sinusoidal functions repeats it values Reason(R): Velocity of the particle
after a definite interval of time.
( v ) = ω K 2 − x2 (where x is the displacement
21. Assertion (A): When a simple pendulum is made
to oscillated on the surface of moon, its time period and K is amplitude)
increases. 29. Assertion (A): The amplitude of an oscillating pen-
Reason (R): Moon is much smaller as compared dulum decreases gradually with time
to earth. Reason (R): The frequency of the pendulum de-
creases with time.
22. Assertion (A): Resonance is special case of forced
vibration in which the natural frequency of vibra- STATEMENTS TYPE QUESTIONS
tion of the body is the same as the impressed fre- 30. Read statements A and B and choose the
quency of external periodic force and the ampli- correct answer from the given choices
tude of forced vibration is maximum. 1) Both A and B are correct
23. Assertion (A): The graph of total energy of a par- 2) Both A and B are wrong
ticle in SHM w.r.t, position is a straight line with 3) A is correct but B is wrong
zero slope.
4) A is wrong but B is correct
Reason (R): Total energy of particle in SHM re-
(A) : Projection of a uniform circular motion on the
mains constant throughout its motion.
diameter of the circle is simple harmonic.
24. Assertion (A): In simple harmonic motion, the
(B): The energy of a body executing SHM is directly
velocity is maximum when acceleration is minimum
proportional to square of its amplitude.
Reason (R): Displacement and velocity of S.H.M
31. Statement A : The average value of displacement,
differ in phase by π / 2 velocity and acceleration for one time period in SHM
25. Assertion (A): In a S.H.M kinetic and potential is zero.
energies become equal when the displacement is Statement B : The acceleration of particle is
1/ 2 times the amplitude. maximum at extreme position.
Reason (R): In SHM, kinetic energy is zero when LEVEL - IV - KEY
potential energy is maximum. MATCHING TYPE
26. Assertion (A): The spring constant of a spring is 01) 1 02) 2 03) 1 04) 1
k. When it is divided into n equal parts, then spring
ASSERTION & REASON
constant of one piece is k/n.
05) 2 06) 1 07) 1 08)1 09) 3 10) 1
Reason (R): The spring constant is independent 11) 1 12) 1 13) 2 14)1 15) 1 16) 2
of material used for the spring. 17) 2 18).4 19) 1 20)1 21) 2 22) 3
27. Assertion (A): Soldiers are asked to break steps 23) 1 24) 2 25) 2 26)4 27) 1 28) 2
while crossing the bridge. 29) 3
Reason (R): The frequency of marching may be
STATEMENTS TYPE QUESTIONS
equal to the natural frequency of bridge and may
lead to resonance which can break the bridge. 30) 1 31) 3

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NEET-PHYSICS-VOL- III OSCILLATIONS

LEVEL - IV-HINTS 22. (c) Amplitude of oscillation for a forced, damped

3. For particle executing S.H.M F0 / m
A=
a = −ω 2 x
oscillator is (ω 2
− ω 02 ) + ( bω / m )
2 , where b is

∴ x = A sin ( ω t + α ) ......... (1) constant related to the strength of the resistive force,
ω0 = k / m is natural frequency of undamped
∴ v = Aω cos ( ω t + α ) ....... (2)
oscillator (b=0). When the frequency of driving
∴ a = − Aω sin ( ω t + α ) .......
2
(3)
force (ω ) ≈ ω0 , then amplitude A is very larger. For
Now,
ω < ω 0 or ω > ω 0 , the amplitude decreases.
(a) v : t graph ⇒ sinusoidal, from (2)
23. (a) The total energy of SHM = Kinetic energy of
(b) v + a
2 2
particle +Potential energy of particle. The variation
= A 2ω 2 cos2 ( ω t + α ) + A 2 ω 2 sin 2 (ω t + α ) of total energy of the particle in SHM with time is
shown in a graph.
= A 2ω 2  cos 2 ( ω t + α ) + ω 2 sin 2 ( ω t + α ) 
dx
24. (b) x = a sin ωt and v = = a ω cos ω t . It is
v = a = A ⇒ Ellipse (circle)
2 2 2 dt
clear that phase difference between 'x' and 'v' is
(a) a : x graph ⇒ Straight line, from (1)
(b) a : t graph ⇒ sinusoidal, from (3) π / 2,

25. (b) In SHM. K.E. = 2 m ω 2 (a 2 − y 2 )

2 1
5. α ≠ − ω θ in such cases and

(
13. U ( x ) α x 2 , K . E ( x )α A 2 − x 2 ) P.E. =
1
2
mω 2 y 2 . For
16. v = vmax cos ( ωt ) ; a = − amax sin ( ωt ) K.E.=P.E. ⇒ 2 y 2 = a 2 ⇒ y = a / 2 . Since total
18. (d) The period of the liquid executing SHM in a U- energy remains constant through out the motion,
tube does not depend upon the density of the liq- which is E=K.E. +P.E. So, P.E. is maximum then
uid. Therefore, time period will be the same, when K.E. is zero and viceversa.
mercury is filled up to the same height as the water
1
26. (d) Spring constant ∝ Length of spring
in the U-tube.
Now, as the pendulum oscillates, it drags air along
with it. Therefore, its kinetic energy is dissipated in
overcoming viscous drag due to air and hence, its ⇒ k1 = nk Also, spring constant depends on the
amplitude goes on decreasing. material and the properties of the spring.
19. (a) In SHM, the acceleration is always in a direc- 27. (a) If the soldiers while crossing a suspended bridge
tion opposite to that of the displacement i.e., pro- march in steps, the frequency of marching steps of
portional to (-y) oscillations of the suspended bridge. In that situa-
20. (a) A periodic function is one whose value repeats tion resonance will take place, then the amplitude
of oscillation of the suspended bridge will increase
after a definite interval of time. sinθ and cosθ
enormously, which may cause the collapsing of the
are periodic functions because they repeat itself bridge. To avoid such situations the soldiers are
after 2π interval of time. advised to break steps on suspended bridge.
29. (c) The amplitude of an oscillating pendulum de-
l
21 (b) T = 2 π . On moon, g is much smaller com- creases with time because of friction due to air.
g
Frequency of pendulum is independent
pared to g on earth. Therefore, T increases. It is  1 g 
also true that moon is smaller than the earth, but  f =  of amplitude.
 2π l 
this statement is not explaining the assertion.

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