1) How would you attenuate noise in HVAC?

Poorly designed HVAC

systems are prone to noise and vibration. Adherence to
the following recommendations should help reduce noise and vibration:
1. Fans and Air Handling Units
a. High Efficiency.—Select the equipment for operation at the
highest efficiency consistent with the application
b. Low Velocity.—Maintain the lowest possible discharge velocity
c. Isolate.—Install flexible connectors between the equipment and
ductwork. Provide vibration isolators for equipment with motors
exceeding 1 Hp. Locate between the equipment and the floor or
ceiling as appropriate. The isolators should be appropriate for
the intended application.
d. Clearance.—Provide adequate clearances between unducted
equipment and walls
e. Transitions.—When possible, fan/AHU discharge transition
should not exceed a total angle of 15 degrees.
f. Discharge Duct.—Provide a minimum of three duct diameters
between the fan/AHU inlet and outlet connections and any duct
fittings or duct mounted equipment
g. Speed.—Select propeller fans, axial fans and vaneaxial fans for the
lowest possible speed.
Ductwork
a. Velocity.— Maintain duct velocities as noted in section F.5 below

b. Elbows.— For maximum noise reduction, use long radius elbows

a. with full radius turning vanes
b. c. Turning Vanes.—The maximum recommended length for single
c. turning vanes is 36-inches
d. 3. Air Terminal Devices (ATDs)
e. a. Noise Criteria (NC).—Select ATDs for NC 45.
f. b. Elbows.—Avoid elbows at ATDs. Provide three duct diameters
g. of straight duct upstream of the ATDs.
h. c. Balancing Dampers.—When balancing dampers are necessary,
i. install them a minimum of three duct diameters upstream of the
j. ATDs.
k. 4. Sound Attenuation.—Good design practice should eliminate the need
l. for use of sound attenuation equipment. The following
m. recommendations are offered to aid in correcting existing problems
 n. where system designs failed to adequately account for noise generated
o. by HVAC equipment.

b. Sound Traps.—Sound traps provide the best acoustical

a. performance however, they can have significant pressure drops

c. Acoustical Louvers.—Acoustical louvers can be used when

noise may exit into sensitive areas d. Plenum Liners.—Where space is available, plenum liners
2- to
6-inch thick provide very good sound attenuation over the
complete sound spectrum.
e. Flow Paths.—Labyrinth airflow paths with acoustical liners can
be created to attenuate sound that would escape through louvers
a. into surrounding sensitive areas.

2)What are the standard requirement of ventilation for

industrial application
To maintain an adequate oxygen supply in work area

To control the hazardous concentration of toxic material in the air

To remove any undesirable odors from a given area

To control temperature and humidity

To remove any undesirable contaminants at their source, where it is generated before it enters the air in
the occupied zone.

To optimize the energy cost in an industrial environment

3)List all the conditions of comfort

‐ Fresh air (as opposed to stale)
→ Good level of oxygen → Sufficient air exchange with outside
‐ Not too hot and not too cold
→ Control of temperature
‐ Not too dry and not too humid
→ Control of rela􀆟ve humidity
‐ Good amount of light and no glare
→ Enough light, preferably diffuse
‐ Human dimension to the context
→ Appropriate geometric dimensions, pleasing shapes and colors

Comfort is that condition of mind which

expresses satisfaction with one’s environment.
 The human body has ways to adjust (increase or decrease) its heat loss,
for example by bringing more or less blood to vessels right under the skin or
by changing the total amount of blood in the body, with more blood
produced under warmer conditions to expel heat more effectively.
Sweating and the resulting evaporation
is another physiological mechanism to
expel heat, but it is not one that we
would call comfortable.
Thus, we can feel thermally comfortable within a range of temperatures,
but that this range is limited.
Experience reveals that the comfort range for most people extends
from 68oF (20oC) to 78oF (25oC).

The factors that

affect human comfort pleasantly or adversely include:

1. Temperature of the surrounding air

2. Radiant temperatures of the surrounding surfaces
3. Humidity of the air
4. Air motion
5. Odors
6. Dust
7. Aesthetics
8. Acoustics
9. Lighting

4 How can we improve indoor air quality

There are three basic strategies to improve indoor air quality:

1. Source Control
2. Improved Ventilation
3. Air cleaners

Source Control
Usually the most effective way to improve indoor air quality is to eliminate
individual sources of pollution or to reduce their emissions.
Some sources, like those that contain asbestos, can be sealed or enclosed; others, like
gas stoves, can be adjusted to decrease the amount of emissions. In many cases,
source control is also a more cost-efficient approach to protecting indoor air quality
than increasing ventilation because increasing ventilation can increase energy costs.
Ventilation Improvements
For most indoor air quality problems in the home, source control is the most effective solution.
 Another approach to lowering the concentrations of indoor air pollutants in your
home is to increase the amount of outdoor air coming indoors.
Most home heating and cooling systems, including forced air heating systems, do not
mechanically bring fresh air into the house. Opening windows and doors, operating
window or attic fans, when the weather permits, or running a window air conditioner
with the vent control open increases the outdoor ventilation rate. Local bathroom or
kitchen fans that exhaust outdoors remove contaminants directly from the room
where the fan is located and also increase the outdoor air ventilation rate.
It is particularly important to take as many of these steps as possible while you are
involved in short-term activities that can generate high levels of pollutants — for
example, painting, paint stripping, heating with kerosene heaters, cooking, or
engaging in maintenance and hobby activities such as welding, soldering, or sanding.
You might also choose to do some of these activities outdoors, if you can and if
weather permits.
Advanced designs of new homes are starting to feature mechanical systems that bring
outdoor air into the home. Some of these designs include energy-efficient heat
recovery ventilators (also known as air-to-air heat exchangers).

 For more information about whole house ventilation system options, see the U.S.
Dept. of Energy's Energy Saver: Whole-House Ventilation.

Ventilation and shading can help control indoor temperatures. Ventilation also helps
remove or dilute indoor airborne pollutants coming from indoor sources. This reduces
the level of contaminants and improves indoor air quality (IAQ). Carefully evaluate
using ventilation to reduce indoor air pollutants where there may be outdoor sources
of pollutants, such as smoke or refuse, nearby.
The introduction of outdoor air is one important factor in promoting good air quality.
Air may enter a home in several different ways, including:

 through natural ventilation, such as through windows and doors

 through mechanical means, such as through outdoor air intakes associated with the
heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system
 through infiltration, a process by which outdoor air flows into the house through
openings, joints and cracks in walls, floors and ceilings, and around windows and
doors.

Infiltration occurs in all homes to some extent.

Natural ventilation describes air movement through open windows and doors. If used
properly natural ventilation can at times help moderate the indoor air temperature,
 which may become too hot in homes without air-conditioning systems or when power
outages or brownouts limit or make the use of air conditioning impossible.
Natural ventilation can also improve indoor air quality by reducing pollutants that are
indoors. Examples of natural ventilation are:

 opening windows and doors

 window shading such as closing the blinds

Most residential forced air-heating systems and air-conditioning systems do not bring
outdoor air into the house mechanically, and infiltration and natural ventilation are
relied upon to bring outdoor air into the home. Advanced designs for new homes are
starting to add a mechanical feature that brings outdoor air into the home through the
HVAC system. Some of these designs include energy efficient heat recovery ventilators
to mitigate the cost of cooling and heating this air during the summer and winter.
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Air Cleaners
There are many types and sizes of air cleaners on the market, ranging from relatively
inexpensive table-top models to sophisticated and expensive whole-house systems.
Some air cleaners are highly effective at particle removal, while others, including most
table-top models, are much less so. Air cleaners are generally not designed to remove
gaseous pollutants.

 Learn more about air cleaners

The effectiveness of an air cleaner depends on how well it collects pollutants

from indoor air (expressed as a percentage efficiency rate) and how much air it
draws through the cleaning or filtering element (expressed in cubic feet per
minute).
A very efficient collector with a low air-circulation rate will not be effective, nor will a
cleaner with a high air-circulation rate but a less efficient collector. The long-term
performance of any air cleaner depends on maintaining it according to the
manufacturer's directions.
Another important factor in determining the effectiveness of an air cleaner is the
strength of the pollutant source. Table-top air cleaners, in particular, may not remove
satisfactory amounts of pollutants from strong nearby sources. People with a
sensitivity to particular sources may find that air cleaners are helpful only in
conjunction with concerted efforts to remove the source.
Over the past few years, there has been some publicity suggesting that houseplants
have been shown to reduce levels of some chemicals in laboratory experiments. There
is currently no evidence, however, that a reasonable number of houseplants remove
significant quantities of pollutants in homes and offices. Indoor houseplants should
not be over-watered because overly damp soil may promote the growth of
microorganisms which can affect allergic individuals.
At present, EPA does not recommend using air cleaners to reduce levels of radon and
its decay products. The effectiveness of these devices is uncertain because they only
partially remove the radon decay products and do not diminish the amount of radon
entering the home. EPA plans to do additional research on whether air cleaners are, or
could become, a reliable means of reducing the health risk from radon.

Traditional system of thermal comfort in middle east

Traditional buildings in the gulf’s cities and villages are designed to
maximise shading, reduce thermal gain of the sun radiation, regulate
building temperature and enhance air circulation. These effects are
achieved through a clever combination of building materials, placement and
design. Natural materials such as limestone and mud – in some cases mixed
with local desert plants – provide a construction material with the capacity
to regulate building temperatures. The material itself is capable of
absorbing moisture in humid conditions, which can later evaporate during
hot and sunny days to provide a slight cooling effect. And the sandy texture
and colour of the buildings reduces both the absorption and emission of
radiating heat. Traditional buildings are placed adjacent to one another,
with narrow roads and alleyways in between. This means that the ratio of
the area exposed to the sun relative to the building’s total volume is
minimised, which in turn limits heat increases during the day time.

Many traditional structures feature an internal courtyard, often containing

trees and a water well. The courtyard is typically surrounded by rooms or
walls on all sides, maximising the area in shadow throughout the day and
creating a space for socialising in the evenings. When the sun bears down at
midday, the courtyard works as a chimney for the hot air to rise and be
replaced by cooler air from the surroundings rooms – this promotes air
circulation and creates a cooling effect.

A typical room has two external windows: one very small window, located
high up the wall, which is kept open to allow air to circulate and let in
natural light. The second is larger, and closed by wooden shutters, with
grooves to allow the flow of air inside the room while maintaining privacy.
Rooms also have windows towards the internal courtyard for improved
 cooling. Finally, a mushrabiya – a projecting window with carved wooden
latticework, typically located on the upper stories of a building – allowed for
better air circulation and a view.

A wind tower. Felibrilu/Flickr, CC BY-NC

Some buildings also have a wind tower, which creates natural ventilation by
circulating cool air. The narrow streets allowed them to be covered in most
cases by light material from date palm trees to avoid direct sun light. This
allowed for better air circulation between streets and courtyards of
buildings, via the rooms.

Water fountains , basins, salsabils (fountains in which water tumbled over a ridged surface into a pool
and thru evaporation cooled and humidified the air) as well as planted and potted trees create a cool
ambience In the courtyard in sharp contrast to the aridity and heat of the street outside. Semi open
spaces such as eyvan( recessed porticos with open arches facing the court), verandas and galleries were
oriented to take advantage of climatic realities. Wind traps equipped with cooling jars and linked to a
vertical duct brought fresh and humidified air into the dwelling and helped in general to create better air
circulation in the house. By sitting at floor level the occupants enjoyed the coolest indoor environment.
The trellised mashrabiyyahs eliminated glareand provided a pleasant level of illumination to the interior
finally the urban houses were grouped loosely together ,thus a minimum surface was exposed to the
merciless Sun

What are the different types of filters used in HVAC?

Why is it important to clean your air filter regularly?

It is extremely important that you keep filters clean since all the air that heats or cools your home will eventually pass
through the air filter in the HVAC system.
 Dirty, clogged air filters are a primary source of HVAC system malfunctions. In extreme cases, dirty filters can also harm
heating and cooling equipment.
 Dirty air filters can reduce the airflow inside the HVAC system
 Dirty air filters can’t eliminate particulates and contaminants well
 Dirty air filters can cause contaminants to accumulate in your HVAC system’s ductwork.
 Dirty air filters can cause HVAC equipment to work harder which can drive up your monthly energy bills.
 Air filters should be checked every month and changed when they get dirty. A visual examination should show you whether
the filters are dirty or clogged. You can simply try this doing at home by holding the filter up to a light source, if you can’t
see the light through the filter, it should be replaced.

An Air Filter helps keep strong particles, residue, soil and different things in the air out of
your ac equipment to assure that the system works properly .
Type & Function of Air Filters
In commercial HVAC Systems several types of air filters are common:

Fiberglass Filter- This is the most common type of the filter. Layered fiberglass Fibers are placed over each other to
form the filter media and are strengthened with a metal grating that supports the fiberglass to prevent it from failure.
Polyester and Pleated Filters- These filters are like fiberglass filters but have a higher resistance to the flow of the air
and has a superior dust-stopping capability.
High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance (HEPA) Filters- In this, the air passes through it at a very fine scale. The U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) and its contractors use HEPA filters that meet DOE standard STD-3020-97.
Washable air filters- These products are not as common and depend on the build-up of dirt along the cloth to improve the
effectiveness of the filter.

Main Types of Filters

The first three types are the most common filter types you will see on the market
today for use in residences and commercial buildings. Each has different benefits
and strengths.

1. Fiberglass. Fiberglass filters are the most commonly used filter type in homes
and workplaces today. Designed to be disposable, fiberglass particles overlay a
supportive metal frame. The fiberglass particles trap the toxins and particulates
as they pass through with the air.
2. Polyester (Pleated). Pleated polyester filters are also disposable and are
designed to be a slightly more robust and effective alternative to regular
fiberglass filters.
3. HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance). HEPA filters have enjoyed a
steadily rising popularity because of their proven ability to trap particulates,
 allergens and toxins down to a very fine level. HEPA filters are recommended in
any home that includes pets or smokers. HEPA filters that meet U.S. Department
4. of Energy standard STD-3020-97 are guaranteed to filter out 99.7 percent of ALL
particulates that are at least 0.3 microns in size (for comparison's sake, a human
red blood cell is 5 microns in diameter and bacteria is anywhere from .2 to 3
microns in size.).
5. Washable. As they sound, washable filters are designed to be washed and
reused. These are not so common today except in industrial facilities where the
dust and particulates tend to be larger and coarser. The odd and interesting
advantage to washable filters is that dust buildup along the outer edges actually
improves the filter's overall filtering ability.

Types of blowers in HVAC

HVAC fans and blowers are used to move air through heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC)
systems. They are an integral part of the air handling systems that bring or draw fresh air into buildings.
HVAC fans and blowers can be mounted to an exterior wall (ventilation unit) or above the ceiling (plenum

fan), or used as part of a ducted system (duct fan). The fan spins or the blower
turns by means of an electric motor, thus creating unidirectional air flow. Often, the air is pre-heated or
cooled. Types of HVAC fans and blowers include:
 Vents or ventilation fans
 Plenum fans
 Duct fans
 Duct blowers
 Roof fans
 Exhaust fans
 Inline fans
 Tube axial fans
 Vane axial fans
 Centrifugal blowers
  Performance Specifications
 HVAC fans and blowers differ in terms of performance and drive options. Parameters include air
flow rate, static pressure, and media temperature.
 Air flow rate is the rate at which air moves within or between HVAC zones.
 Static pressure is the pressure at which an equal amount of air is supplied to and exhausted
from a space.
 Media temperature is expressed as a range.
 The diameter of the fan, or the diameter or maximum dimension of the blower outlet is also an
important specification to consider when selecting HVAC fans and blowers.
 There are two drive options: direct drive and belt drive.

Styles
There are two styles and three classes for HVAC fans and blowers. The two styles are forced draft and
induced draft.

 Forced draft refers to the movement of air under pressure. Forced draft fans and
blowers are so named because they "force" air to move.
 Induced draft refers to the movement of air by means of an induced partial vacuum.
Induced draft fans and blowers "draw" air.

 Design Configurations
 Design configuration is an important parameter to consider when specifying HVAC fans and
blowers. There are three main choices: axial, bi-lobal or tri-lobal, and centrifugal.
 Axial fans include propeller vans, vane axial fans, and tube axial fans. With these designs, the
fan blade circulates parallel to the air flow.
 Bi-lobal and tri-lobal fans consist of multiple co-rotating, serpentine shafts that mesh to move air
and gases in a controlled manner. The shafts mesh so tightly that backflow is prevented.
Typically, bi-lobal fans and tri-lobal are used to recirculate gases in process equipment when
environmental consistency is required.
 Centrifugal fans include products with many different blade configurations.
 HVAC fans and blowers that use other designs are also available.

Centrifugal Fan
 This type of fan is also known as radial fan as the air flows perpendicularly
to the axis of rotation of the fan.

 Forward Curved
 One category of the wheel design is the forward curved centrifugal fan
which is also known as squirrel cage blower. It has forward curved blade
with a cut-off design that prevents the air from going around the fan
housing.
 It is quieter than the propeller type and provides high differential pressure
between the inlet and outlet. This type of fan is suitable to be used to
move air in the ducts around the building.

 Backward Inclined with flat and single thickness metal blade is another
design which is used for smaller units applications.

 Backward Curved with curve and single thickness metal blade is used in
medium and high static pressure applications.

 Airfoil with curve and double thickness metal blade design is sometimes
used. Its aerodynamic design makes it a popular design in applications
where efficiency and quietness are required.

 Vane-axial Fan
 This design has a disk-type wheel which is housed in a cylinder tube. Air
guide vanes are built into the tube to guide the flow of the air properly.

 Tube-axial Fan
 This design has a propeller inside the cylinder with belt-driven or direct
drive motor connected to it.

VRV/VRF System
Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) system is a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
technology that relatively new. Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems are gaining in
popularity and are used as an enhanced version of multi-split systems, featuring
simultaneous heating and cooling as well as heat-recovery capabilities.
There are two different types of VRF systems:

Air-cooled, where multiple compressors are connected to a refrigerant-piping loop. Special

attention should be paid to equipment selection in locations with high ambient conditions—
outside air temperatures above 95°F. For example, in Las Vegas, with ambient
temperatures at 115°F and above, the equipment de-rating can be as high as 30%.

Water-cooled, where multiple compressors are connected to a water-source loop, allowing

the heat recovery between compressor units.

Advantages VRV system in the building can conserve space for installation. The space efficiency is
enhanced by the compact size of the individual units, the long maximum piping length, and the ability to
utilize a large scale air conditioning system with a single piping circuit. Besides that, the system provides
superior design flexibility especially in changing of layout that can be made easily. New compressor
technology eliminates the need for piping calculations, which shortens the time needed for design.
Outdoor units can be placed on the roof where they have no effect on the design of the building interior.
The lightweight and compact units of VRV components can be transported using a regular lift. The pipes
are few in number, making layout simpler. Hence, the technology in VRV system simplifies the
installation process in term of time and cost. The figure 4 below shows an advantage of VRV system as

What’s the difference between VRV and

VRF?Many people who ask this question, mistakenly
interpret it as 2 different HVAC technologies. Actually, those

are two different terms for the same type of

HVAC technology. Based on Inverter technology compressors,

the first VRV HVAC systems were invented by Daikin during the

early 1980’s. As a technology leader in the HVAC industry,

Daikin had registered the VRV term (which stands for Variable

Refrigerant Volume1) as an official trademark. All other

companies use VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow2) for their

similar HVAC systems. Eventually, VRF is the more common

term for these types of systems, and this is the term that will

be used for the rest of the article. VRF system operation

VRF systems are non traditional HVAC systems, in comparison with conventional ducted
systems circulating the air or chilled-water throughout the building. The term VRF indicates
the ability of the system to vary and control the refrigerant flow through multiple evaporator
coils to provide individual temperature control in various mechanical comfort zones.

Using direct expansion (DX) as part of the basic refrigeration cycle, VRF systems transfer
the heat from the room directly to evaporator coils located within the conditioned space. The
heat-transfer media, in this case, is the refrigerant, which delivers heating and cooling to
various zones with less energy as compared with air or water.

VRF systems act as multi-split systems, connecting multiple indoor units with one
centralized outdoor condensing unit assembly, providing simultaneous heating and cooling
and heat recovery in various zones as follows:

 The VRF heat pump system provides heating and cooling for all indoor units at a
specific time (see Figure 1)
 The VRF system provides nonsimultaneous cooling and heating at any time
 Heat-recovery systems provide simultaneous cooling and heating as well as heat
recovery, transferring the energy from cooling zones to heating zones of the building.

All of the above features are accomplished by VRF-enhanced technology using:

 Variable-speed and capacity-modulated inverter duty compressors

 Outdoor fans with variable frequency drives motors
 Indoor units with electronically commutated motors (ECM).
Modern VRF systems provide some major advantages, such as zoning, individual
temperature control, minimized ductwork, excluding the need for secondary fluids (chilled-
water or hot-water distribution), and associated costs. This all-electric technology consists
of a single outdoor condensing unit, multiple indoor units serving various zones, refrigerant
piping with branch selectors, and associated controls.

VRF systems use R-410A refrigerant as the heat-transfer fluid and the working fluid,
achieving a very high energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 15 to 20 and integrated energy
efficiency ratio (IEER) of 17 to 25. They are 20% to 30% more efficient than conventional
HVAC systems due to partial load operation, speed modulation, zoning capabilities, and
heat-recovery technology.

In recent years, gas heat pump technology has been increasingly used in certain
applications where natural gas utilities offer incentives. As a result, VRF systems can
contribute a great number of points toward U.S. Green Building Council LEED certification.

FAN COIL UNIT

A fan coil unit (FCU) is a device that uses a coil and a fan to heat or cool a
room without connecting to ductwork. Indoor air moves over the coil, which
heats or cools the air before pushing it back out into the room. FCUs can be
less expensive to install than ducted systems, and are available in ceiling,
floor-mounted and freestanding configuration

Fan coil units

As its name implies, a fan coil unit consists of a heat exchanger in
which water is circulated and a fan assembly, incorporating a filter and
simple controls, designed for wall perimeter units (Fig) or ceiling units
mounted within ceiling voids. Ceiling units can be configured as a
cassette, drawing air into the centre and discharging at the periphery.
Heating elements, electric, hot water or steam can be included.
(a) Wall mounted, (b) ceiling mounted.
The chilled water is fed to a number of units, each sized for a suitable
zone, where the conditions throughout the zone can be satisfied by
the outlet air from the unit. This offers a wide range of comfort
conditions within the space, with units serving a single room, or part of
a room. The coil is normally operated with a fin temperature below
room dew point, so that some latent heat is removed by the coil, which
requires a condensate drain. Multi-speed fans are usual, so that the
noise level can be reduced at times of light load.
The advantages of this type of system are the following:
•
 Individual control for zone or office, including heating in some
zones and cooling in others
•
Relatively low cost of standard units
•
Simple control system
•
Built in standby capacity where several units are located in one
zone.
The disadvantages are as follows:
•
Limited flexibility with standard units – all operating parameters
fixed by the manufacturer
•
Normally only simple dry bulb control is provided, although some
specialist units incorporate electronic control systems and
humidifiers
•
Limited control of fresh air input, if any, so that advantage of free
cooling cannot be taken
•
Noise levels may be higher than central air handling units
•
Limited ability to control air distribution
•
Visibility of the units and connecting chilled water services may
be an issue
•
Maintenance and servicing can disrupt occupants of the room
and there is a risk of damage to the room fabric by virtue of all
services and connections within the room.
Primary (fresh) air supply can be used to induce room (secondary) air
circulation. This air, at a pressure of 150–500 Pa, is released through
nozzles within the coil assembly, and the resulting outlet velocity of
16–30 m/s entrains or induces room air to give a total circulation four
or five times as much as the primary supply. This extra air passes
over the chilled water coil. Most induction units are wall mounted for
perimeter cooling (Fig. 24.10) but they have been adapted for ceiling
mounting. With induction units, latent heat extraction can usually be
handled by the primary air and they run with dry coils. Some systems
have been installed having high latent loads which remove
condensate at the coil.

Ceiling cassette air conditioning

Air conditioning has become a necessity in most modern office buildings, retail space,
warehousing etc. for the comfort of employees and visiting clientele. Some locations,
such as computer server rooms, require cooling in order for equipment to function at
optimal levels. The varying applications means there are many different air conditioning
models to choose from, each with its own benefits and detriments.

Air conditioners work by taking warm interior air and moving it across a cooling element
that contains refrigerant. The cooling element lowers the temperature of the air and
dehumidifies it while the heat removed from that air is transported to a condenser,
typically located outside the building, to be dispersed. The ceiling cassette air
conditioning unit is no exception and works on these principles; it’s difference from other
types is largely how it is mounted.

Ceiling cassette A/C units are mounted as the name suggests; in the ceiling. This is
most effective in a suspended or “floating” ceiling where there is room to accommodate
the unit. Since cold air falls towards the floor, the ceiling mounting provides exceptional
coverage and, provided the fans are powerful enough, a ceiling cassette A/C unit can
cover a fairly large room. Being in the ceiling also means that the units are out of the
way. Since the condenser is located outside the building, a ceiling cassette A/C unit is
exceptionally quiet. Further to this, along with modern technology such as adjustable
thermostats and variable speed fans, ceiling cassette A/C units are exceptionally energy
efficient. Photocatalytic purification filters can also be used with them to filter the air of
pollutants and other harmful particulate, meaning the A/C unit can pull double duty as
an air purifier.

Given that the ceiling cassette A/C unit needs to have the condenser located outside of
the building, these units do need to be professionally installed. Lines need to be run
from the condenser outside the building to the cassette in the ceiling, no more than 50
feet away. It is strongly recommended that you contact an expert prior to purchasing the
unit as if the incorrect design is chosen or if it is improperly installed, operating costs
could be high. Ceiling cassette units are quite small, but still require space in the ceiling
to be installed, so if the space lacks a suspended ceiling, then this ceiling cassette A/C
unit design may not be the best choice.

With all the different models of varying strengths available on the market today, it is
advised that you consult with a professional in order to determine the correct unit for
your specifications, or else the effectiveness of the unit will suffer which can lead to
costly, time consuming consequences.