Differentiation 3 [110 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 16] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.9

Let f (x) where x > 0, k ∈ R .
ln 5x +
=
kx

(a) Show that f ′ (x) =

1−ln 5x
2
. [3]
kx

The graph of f has exactly one maximum point P.

(b) Find the x-coordinate of P. [3]

The second derivative of f is given by f ′′ (x) . The graph of f has exactly one point of
2 ln 5x−3
= 3
kx

inflexion Q.

(c) Show that the x-coordinate of Q is

1
e
3

2 . [3]
5

(d) The region R is enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, and the vertical lines through
the maximum point P and the point of inflexion Q.

Given that the area of R is 3, find the value of k. [7]

2. [Maximum mark: 7] SPM.2.SL.TZ0.6
The displacement, in centimetres, of a particle from an origin, O, at time t seconds, is given by s(t) = t 2
cos t + 2t sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 5.

(a) Find the maximum distance of the particle from O. [3]

(b) Find the acceleration of the particle at the instant it first changes direction. [4]
3. [Maximum mark: 25] SPM.3.AHL.TZ0.2
This question asks you to investigate some properties of the sequence of functions of the form
f n (x) = cos (n arccos x), −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 and n .
+
∈ Z

Important: When sketching graphs in this question, you are not required to find the coordinates of any
axes intercepts or the coordinates of any stationary points unless requested.

(a) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f 1 (x) and y = f 3 (x) for −1 ≤ x

≤ 1. [2]

For odd values of n > 2, use your graphic display calculator to systematically vary the value of n. Hence
suggest an expression for odd values of n describing, in terms of n, the number of

(b.i) local maximum points; [3]

(b.ii) local minimum points; [1]

(c) On a new set of axes, sketch the graphs of y = f 2 (x) and y = f 4 (x) for −1 ≤ x ≤

1. [2]

For even values of n > 2, use your graphic display calculator to systematically vary the value of n.
Hence suggest an expression for even values of ndescribing, in terms of n, the number of

(d.i) local maximum points; [3]

(d.ii) local minimum points. [1]

(e) Solve the equation f n

′
(x) = 0 and hence show that the stationary points on the
graph of y = f n (x) occur at x = cos
kπ

n
where k ∈ Z
+
and 0 < k < n. [4]

The sequence of functions, f n (x), defined above can be expressed as a sequence of polynomials of
degree n.

(f ) Use an appropriate trigonometric identity to show that f 2 (x) = 2x

2
− 1. [2]

Consider f n+1 (x) = cos ((n + 1) arccos x).

(g) Use an appropriate trigonometric identity to show that

f n+1 (x) = cos (n arccos x)cos (arccos x) − sin (n arccos x)sin (arccos x)

. [2]

(h.i) Hence show that f n+1 (x) + f n−1 (x) = 2xf n (x), n ∈ Z
+
. [3]

(h.ii) Hence express f 3 (x) as a cubic polynomial. [2]

4. [Maximum mark: 21] EXN.1.AHL.TZ0.11
A function f is defined by f (x) =
3
2
x +2
, x ∈ R.

(a) Sketch the curve y = f (x), clearly indicating any asymptotes with their equations
and stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes. [4]

The region R is bounded by the curve y = f (x), the x-axis and the lines x = 0 and x = √ 6. Let

A be the area of R.

(b) √ 2π
Show that A =
2
. [4]

The line x = k divides R into two regions of equal area.

(c) Find the value of k. [4]

Let m be the gradient of a tangent to the curve y = f (x).

(d) Show that m = −

6x
.
2
(x +2)
2
[2]

(e)
Show that the maximum value of m is .
27 2
√
32 3 [7]
5. [Maximum mark: 14] 23M.1.SL.TZ2.9
A circle with equation x 2
+ y
2
= 9 has centre (0, 0) and radius 3.

A triangle, PQR, is inscribed in the circle with its vertices at P(−3, 0), Q(x, y) and R(x, − y),
where Q and R are variable points in the first and fourth quadrants respectively. This is shown in the
following diagram.

(a) For point Q, show that y = √9 − x .

2
[1]

(b) Hence, find an expression for A, the area of triangle PQR, in terms of x. [3]

(c) Show that

dA 9−3x−2x
2

.
dx
=
√ 9−x 2
[4]

(d) Hence or otherwise, find the y-coordinate of R such that A is a maximum. [6]
6. [Maximum mark: 19] 23M.1.AHL.TZ1.11
Consider the following diagram, which shows the plan of part of a house.

diagram not to scale

A narrow passageway with 3

4
m width is perpendicular to a room of width 6 m. There is a corner at
point C. Points A and B are variable points on the base of the walls such that A, C and B lie on a
straight line.

Let L denote the length AB in metres.

Let α be the angle that [AB] makes with the room wall, where 0 .
π
< α <
2

(a) Show that L =

3
sec α + 6 cosec α. [2]
4

(b.i) Find
dL
. [1]
dα

(b.ii) When
dL
= 0, show that α = arctan 2. [4]
dα

(c.i) Find
2
d L
. [3]
2
dα

(c.ii) When α = arctan 2, show that

2
d L
2
=
45
√ 5. [4]
dα 4

(d.i) Hence, justify that L is a minimum when α = arctan 2. [1]

(d.ii) Determine this minimum value of L. [2]

 Two people need to carry a pole of length 11. 25 m from the passageway into the room. It must be
carried horizontally.

(e) Determine whether this is possible, giving a reason for your answer. [2]

7. [Maximum mark: 8] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.S_4

Let f ′′
(x) = (cos 2x) (sin 6x), for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.

(a) Sketch the graph of f ′′ on the grid below:

[3]

(b) Find the x-coordinates of the points of inflexion of the graph of f . [3]

(c) Hence find the values of x for which the graph of f is concave-down. [2]

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