My Exam Practice Kit

My Exam Practice Kit

Textiles Technology
and Design
O Level

With answers
Exam hints and tips
Exam practice papers
Topical questions and answers

Florence Zisengwe
Precious Togara
 My Exam Practice

Textile Technology
and Design
‘O’ Level
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Precious Togara
Florence Zisengwe
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Sa

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 Published by
Gramsol Books
46 Kwame Nkrumah Avenue
Harare
www.gramsol.com
Tel. 086 4420 9124

© Gramsol Books, 2020

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The moral rights of the authors have been asserted.

Publisher: Sandura Tafadzwa

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Managing editor: Mbono Njabulo
Development editor:Maposa Merlin
Typeset by: Mpofu Malachi
Illustration editor: Vumiso Mercy
Commissioning editor: Chafa Kundai
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Cover Design by Chikanga Francis
Printed by Gramsol Books

ISBN: 978-1-77921-438-6

Legal Notice
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or
otherwise, without prior written permission from the Gramsol Books. You must not circulate this book
in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any inquirer.

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 CONTENTS

Topic 1: Grooming and personal hygiene............................………..……............1

Topic 2: Wardrobe planning.................………...……………….............................4
Topic 3: Equipment and safety......………................……....................................5
Topic 4: Fibres, yarns and fabrics..............................….........……......................7
Topic 5: Textile design .....................................................................................13
Topic 6: Patterns ...................................................................................…........14
Topic 7: Stitching..............................................................................................15
Topic 8: Disposal of fullness................................……........…...........................16
Topic 9: Seams..................................................................................................17
Topic 10: Pockets..............................................................................................18
Topic 11: Neckline finishes................................................................................18
Topic 12: Hems and hem finishes......................................................................19

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Topic 13: Armhole finishes................................................................................20
Topic 14: Waistline finishes...............................................................................21
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Topic 15: Pressing and ironing..........................................................................22
Topic 16: Yokes.................................................................................................23
Topic 17: Openings and fastenings...................................................................24
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Topic 18: Interfacing, lining and interlining.......................................................25
Topic 19: Fitting and sequence.........................................................................26
Topic 20: Embroidery and soft finishing............................................................28
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Topic 21: Colour application.............................................................................29

Topic 22: Care and maintenance of clothes and other textile production........31
Topic 23 : Consumer education........................................................................32
Topic 24 : Gender.............................................................................................34
Topic 25: Enterprising......................................................................................34
Topic 26: Industrial textile and clothing production.........................................35
Answers............................................................................................................38
Topic 1: Grooming and personal hygiene............................………..……..........38
Topic 2: Wardrobe planning.................………...………………...........................42
Topic 3: Equipment and safety......………................……...................................46
Topic 4: Fibres, yarns and fabrics..............................…..........……....................52
Topic 5: Textile design ..............................................................................…....58

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 Topic 6: Patterns ..................................................................................…........60
Topic 7: Stitching..............................................................................................64
Topic 8: Disposal of fullness..................................…........................................67
Topic 9: Seams..................................................................................................70
Topic 10: Pockets..............................................................................................74
Topic 11: Neckline finishes................................................................................78
Topic 12: Hems and hem finishes.....................................................................81
Topic 13: Armhole finishes...............................................................................83
Topic 14: Waistline finishes...............................................................................85
Topic 15: Pressing and ironing..........................................................................87
Topic 16: Yokes.................................................................................................89
Topic 17: Openings and fastenings...................................................................90
Topic 18: Interfacing, lining and interlining.......................................................95
Topic 19: Fitting and sequence.........................................................................97

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Topic 20: Embroidery and soft finishing............................................................99
Topic 21: Colour application...........................................................................101
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Topic 22: Care and maintenance of clothes and other textile production......106
Topic 23 : Consumer education......................................................................108
Topic 24 : Gender...........................................................................................111
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Topic 25: Enterprising.....................................................................................113
Topic 26: Industrial textile and clothing production.......................................115
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 1 GROOMING AND PERSONAL HYGIENE

Section A
Answer all Questions in this section

QUESTION 1
a) Study the illustrations of a boy’s slim-fit trousers below and answer the questions that follow.

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Mandy, drill and hartelle are suitable to make a boy’ s trousers. Choose one of the fabrics and complete the
following details.
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i. Fabric name
ii. Fibre content
iii. Structure
iv. Weight
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v. Feel/ hand [4]

b) Slim fit trousers are fashionable these days for most boys and men. The trousers has to be well
maintained. Draw the suitable care label symbols for one of the fabrics you have chosen in (a) above to
maintain the appearance and shape of the trousers.

Fabric name __________________.

i. Washing
ii. Ironing
iii. Bleaching
iv. Drying cleaning [4]

c) A shirt and jacket can be worn with trousers to look great. List any three accessories that would be worn
with the outfit to make it complete. [3]
d) Fill in the flow chart below to show your understanding of working the boy’s trousers. [14]

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e) Identify the type of opening worked on the boys’ shorts. [1]
Section B
Answer any three Questions from this section on separate answer paper provided
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QUESTION 2

a) Define the following terms:

i. Grooming [1]
ii. Menstruation [1]
b) Identify any physical and biological changes that may occur within the body at puberty in:
i. Girls [1]
ii. Boys [1]
c) How would you care for your skin? [2]
d) What is the difference between manicure and pedicure? [2]
e) Explain briefly any five good grooming habits. [10]

QUESTION 3

a) What do you understand by the term figure irregularity? [1]

b) Carefully study the two striped dresses below. For each of these, idenvfftify the figure type which is
recommended to wear the dress. [2]

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 c) Why is a person with a large bust discouraged from wearing padded bras? [1]
d) What effect does a shiny fabric have on a short and stout figure? [1]
e) Suppose you work in the clothing industry as a fashion designer, you have been tasked to design a top to
cater for individuals with a short neck and large abdomen.

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i. Demonstrate your skill by drawing the kind of top for this customer. [6]
ii. Justify your design. [4]
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QUESTION 4
a) What do you understand by the following body types?
i. Ectomorph [1]
ii. Endomorph [1]
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iii. Mesomorph [1]
b) Suggest the type of clothing that would suit the following body shapes.
i. Inverted triangle body shape [3]
ii. Hourglass body shape [3]
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c) Sketch a design of a garment suitable for someone with a rectangle body shape. ‘[4
d) Suggest any four reasons for exercising your body. [4]

QUESTION 5
a) Define the following terms
i. Jewellery [1]
ii. Beauty aids [1]
iii. Culture [1]
b) Name any five products that can be used for make-up and briefly explain the use of each. [10]
c) State any five reasons why people wear make-up. [5]

QUESTION 6
a) Define or describe the following terms;
i. Deportment
ii. Poise
iii. Etiquette [3]
b) Using the silhouette provided, sketch the front and back views of ladies’ dinner dress and label any two
style features. [6]

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 Note* For this exercise, do not use the silhouette provided in this book to draw your diagrams, instead ask
your teacher to supply you with the ones from a past exam paper.

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c) Identify any five beauty aids which you can apply to look amazing in that dinner dress. [5]
d) Give any two reasons why it is important to sit up straight at the dinner table? [2]
Section A
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2 WARDROBE PLANNING
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Answer all Questions in this section

QUESTION 1
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1a) Define the terms:

i. Outer garments [1]
ii. Inner garments [1]
b) Using a silhouette provided, sketch a girl’s dress with the following style features and label them.
i. Short plain sleeves
ii. Square neckline
iii. Back zipper
iv. Darts on bodice
v. Gathered skirt and patch pockets. [8]
c) i. State any five sources of clothes.[5]
ii. What are the different ways of buying clothes? [3]
iii. Why do people wear clothes? [4]

QUESTION 2
a) i. Define the word accessories. [2]
ii. List four types of accessories. [2]
b) i. Name any two materials which can be used to make accessories besides leather and wood. [2]
ii. Suggest two points in each case on how you would care for leather and wood accessories. [4]

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 QUESTION 3
a) Define the term lingerie. [2]
b) Name any two fabrics which are suitable for making lingerie. [2]
c) State any three points to consider when choosing fabrics for lingerie. [3]

QUESTION 4
a) Using the silhouette provided, sketch the front and back view of a girl’s summer nightdress and label three
style features. [6]
b) List two trimmings from the nightdress drawn in (4a). [2]
c) Explain how to launder the nightdress is made from a white cotton fabric with a special finish. [5]

[Extracted from November 2018 past exam paper]

(d) Justify any two points to consider when choosing a style for a summer nightdress. [2]

QUESTION 5
a) i. Using a silhouette provided, sketch the front and back views of a summer nightwear suitable for an adult.
Label five style features. [6]
ii. Name a suitable fabric for the nightwear and give its fibre content. [2]
iii. Give four reasons for your choice of fabric. [4]
iv. Suggest three points, with a reason in each case, which should be considered when choosing styles for

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nightwear. [Extracted from Paper 1 theory November 1999] [6]

QUESTION 6
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a) Differentiate between formal and informal wear. [2]
b) Name two occasions where formal wear would be an appropriate dress code. [2]
c) Give two examples of formal accessories. [2]
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QUESTION 7
a) State one way of camouflaging each of the following figure irregularities
i. Small bust
ii. Protruding abdomen
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iii. Narrow shoulders

iv. Long thin neck
v. Short and stout
b) Name and explain two types of colour schemes. [4]

3 EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY

Section A
Answer all Questions
QUESTION 1
a) Classify equipment according to use/function giving a suitable example in each case. [6]
b) Draw and label or describe the following pieces of sewing equipment fully:
i. Stiletto [3]
ii. Seam ripper [3]
iii. Tape measure [3]
c) State the choice and care of each piece of equipment in 1(b). [6]

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 c) What are the characteristics of bonded fabrics? [2]

QUESTION 21
Evaluate the suitability of using a knitted fabric for a school sweatshirt. [2]

QUESTION 22
Velveteen is a suitable fabric for making children’s garments. Give the care for velveteen using the symbols
Illustrated below. [5]

QUESTION 23
Describe any three other ways of identifying fibres besides the burning test [6]

5 TEXTILE DESIGN

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QUESTION 1
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a) What is textile design?
b) What is the starting point of textile design?
c) How does culture affect textile design?
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d) Give two examples of textile designs that reflect the culture in Africa.

QUESTION 2
a) What are the elements of design?
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b) Briefly explain the four elements of design.

QUESTION 3
a) What are the principles of design?
b) State and explain how to achieve any two principles of design.
QUESTION 4
Explain briefly any three responsibilities of a textile designer. [6]
QUESTION 5
a) The picture below shows an icon and symbol of Zimbabwe. Sketch a non-wearable textile item with this
icon as a motif. [6]

b) Suggest any other three Zimbabwe symbols that can be used as motifs on textile products. [3]

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 Skill C: Questions that ask candidates to explain learners should clarify the relationship between points, for
example, by giving accurate, relevant points, showing connections between these points and the context
of the Question. Candidates may provide several straightforward explanations or a smaller number of
developed explanations, or a combination of these. Up to the total mark allocation for this Question:

QUESTION 4
Explain two benefits/advantages/reasons for applying yokes on garments. [2]

17 OPENINGS AND FASTENINGS

Answer all Questions

QUESTION 1
a) Define an opening. [2]
b) Give three uses of openings on garments. [3]
c) State any three factors influencing the choice of an opening. [3]
[b and c were extracted from November 2018 Paper 1 Theory]

QUESTION 2

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a) Differentiate bound opening and continuous wrap opening. [6]
[Extracted from November 2020 Paper 1 theory]
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b) Explain how to work a continuous wrap opening using at least three diagrams. [10]
c) What are the characteristics of a good opening? [2]

QUESTION 3
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a)i. List three different fastenings that could be on openings without a wrap. [3]
ii. Indicate position on garments where each could be used. [3]
b) Suggest the type of buttonhole that can be used on:
i. The front shirt
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ii. The cuff of a blouse [2]

c) i. With the aid of at least two diagrams, describe how to attach a two-holed button to a garment. [6]
[Extracted from November 1995 Paper 1 theory]
ii. With the aid of at least one diagram, describe how to sew a two-holed button. [5]
[c ii was extracted from November 2018 Paper 1 theory]
d) Why is it necessary to have a shank? [1]

QUESTION 4
a) Give four points to consider when buying/choosing a zip fastener. [4]
b) Give the other name for the concealed method. [1]
c) Why is an opening often required on a sleeve with a cuff which fastens? [1]
d) With the aid of at least two clearly labelled diagrams, describe the working of a faced opening on a long
sleeve fully. [10]
e) Name three other types of openings that could be used in place of the one mentioned above. [3]
f) Which of the three openings would be most suitable for a transparent fabric? Give two reasons. [3]

QUESTION 5
a) What are the uses of fastenings? [2]
b) What points should be considered when choosing fastenings? [3]
c) Name each of the fastenings shown below and suggest a suitable position for each fastening.

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 b) Textile can be dyed at four stages. Name each and explain briefly what it means. [12]
c) Name any five techniques which are involved in dyeing. [5]
d) Name the equipment which can be used when dyeing textile products. [3]
e) State two aspects that determine the choice of appropriate dyeing equipment to use. [2]
f) i. The diagrams below is showing which dyeing techniques. Name each separately. [2]

ii. Briefly explain what is involved in each dyeing technique in 7 (i). [4]

QUESTION 12
a) Name any three variations used during tie and dyeing. [3]

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b) i. List the materials required to make a dye bath. [5]
ii. State the importance of each material required to make a dye bath. [5]
c) What is pigmenting? [2]
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QUESTION 13
a) Define printing. [1]
b) Describe what is involved in stencil printing. [2]
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QUESTION 14
a) Name the substances which can be used to fix colour. [2]
b) Why is it important to preserve colour in textile products? [2]
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c) Identify any three problems that can occur on textile products when colour is not properly fixed. [4]

22 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF CLOTHES

AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTION
QUESTION 1
a) What do the following care labelling symbols stand for?
b) Why is it necessary to put care labels on garments?
c) Name any two fabrics that can be ironed safely with the ironing temperature shown below.

QUESTION 2
a) Briefly explain how to remove the following stains;
i. Blood
ii. Perspiration
iii. Ink
iv. Gum
b) State and explain five general steps for laundering clothes.

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 QUESTION 2
a) Read the following case studies and answer the Questions that follow;

i. A lady buys fashion jackets for resale. The cost of ten jackets is $500. Calculate the selling price for one
jacket if she wants to make a profit of 40%. Show all your work. (4)
ii. You receive $10 pocket money every week. You decide to spend it on items to cover you for four weeks.
You buy toiletries for $3, a pencil and two pens for $0, 50 and snacks for $0,50 every school day. You decide
to serve the rest of the money for four weeks. How much money will you spend on snacks? And how much
will you have saved at the end of four weeks?

QUESTION 3
a) What is a business plan?
b) Give four points on the importance of a business plan to the entrepreneur.
c) What should be included in a business plan?
d) Complete the abbreviation SWOT and explain the four concepts of the SWOT analysis.
e) Explain what you understand by the term market research.
f) State and explain the 5Ps of marketing strategy.

QUESTION 4
a) Explain the term record keeping in relation to enterprising.

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b) Why is record keeping considered as one of the key components of a business enterprise?
c) Briefly explain the following forms of record-keeping
i. Financial record-keeping
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ii. Stock control
d) What do you understand by the term business viability?
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26 INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION
TEXTILE AND CLOTHING
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QUESTION 1
a) What is a laboratory? [1]
b) State any three factors to be considered when setting up a factory. [3]
c) Name any two pieces of equipment required for packaging in the textile factory. [2]

QUESTION 2
a) What is a production line? [1]
b) The diagram below shows a girl’s skirt. Fill in the blank spaces on the operation breakdown used in the
production line for the skirt.

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 ANSWERS

1 GROOMING AND PERSONAL HYGIENE

Section A
Question 1
a) Award 1 mark each. No mark for fabric name.

FABRIC FIBRE STRUCTURE WEIGHT FEEL/HAND

NAME CONTENT
Mandy polyester Plain weave/ Light/medium Smooth
woven
Drill Cotton Twill weave / medium Rough
woven
Hartelle Polyester/ Plain weave /twill Light/medium Rough for twill
polyester and weave /woven woven
cotton Smooth for plain
woven
Note*

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1. On describing the structure of a fabric, a candidate should take note of the following:
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• Provide a correct method of fabric construction, for example, bonded, knitted or woven.
• If a specific name is given, it has to be correct, for example, plain weave if the fabric is plain-woven.
• A candidate will not be awarded a mark if the name is incomplete, for example, plain.
2. In most cases, plain woven fabrics are smooth unless the threads were first texturised before weaving, like
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the moss crepe fabric with a rough texture. Twill woven fabrics are rough/ coarse/ridged.

b) Award 1 mark each for correct drawing.

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c) Award 1mark each for three suitable accessories for the outfit
-Tie -pair of shoes -belt -pair of socks -watch -formal hat -sunglasses
d) Award 1 mark for each correct answer used to fill in the gaps on working a boy’s trousers.
Front
• Pockets/ inside pockets/ insert pockets/ hip front pockets

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 2 WARDROBE PLANNING
Section A attractive.
• For identification purposes (to show that you
Question 1 belong to a certain group).
a) Award 1 mark for each correct definition • To show off your status.
i. Outer garments refer to clothes worn on
the outside of the body/ they are worn over Question 2
inner clothes, such as blouses and skirts.
a) i. Award 2 marks for the correct definition
Accessories are items either carried or worn along
ii. Inner garments refer to the clothes worn next to
with clothing to make them complete or items worn
the body/worn under outer garments such as bras,
along with clothing to make the outfit complete,
petticoats, etc.
such as socks, belts, shoes, and handbags.

b) Award 4 marks for the diagrams; thus 2 marks for

ii. Award 1 mark for the four suitable accessories
front view and 2 marks for back view. Award 2 marks
for labelling style features. belts - shoes - socks - hat - cap -tie
-necklace - headband
scarf - watch - bangles - handbag - purse
- umbrella etc.

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b) i. Award 1 mark for naming two materials used: If
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everything and award 2 marks
Fabric -metal - rubber - plastic
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ii. Look for two points under each accessory and
c) i. Look for five sources of clothes and award 1 award 1 mark each for a point suggested on the care
mark each of leather and wood accessories.
• Boutiques Leather
• Clothes shops • Clean, polish and shine leather as required.
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• Apparel factory outlet • Apply cream polish in the same colour as the
• Flea markets item with a soft cloth or brush, for example,
Black polish for black leather shoes.
• Garage outlets
• Do not expose leather items near a heater
• Supermarkets
or in the sunlight to avoid cracking and
• Family members/ donations discolouration.
• Leather should be dried in the open air.
ii. Look for three correct ways of buying clothes • Avoid staining leather unnecessarily.
and award 1 mark each.
Wood
• Using cash
• Keep free from moisture and wet places/ store
• Using credits in dry places to avoid rotting away the wood and
• Using lay by discolouring the wood.
• Using barter system • Keep safe from heat and sunlight as this hardens
and discolours wood.
iii. Look for four reasons for wearing clothes and
award 1 mark each. Question 3
• For protection- from harsh weather (sunlight, a) Award 1 mark for the correct definition
rain, wind and cold). Lingerie is simply a broad term that describes both
• To cover the body/ to look modesty (it is not underwear and nightwear.
descent to be nude or naked).
• For adornment/ to beautify ourselves/ to look b) Award 1 mark each. Accept any of the following

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 3 EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY

Section A Description
QUESTION 1 Plastic/wooden handle; sharp point; a cork to protect
the sharp point
a) Look for any three correct classes and award 1
mark. Award 1 mark each for two suitable examples
under each class giving ½ mark each. ii. Seam ripper
Diagram
Classification Examples
Cutting equipment Scissors; seam ripper;
straight cutting knife; round
cutting knife; band cutting
knife; plasma torch cutting
knife; rotary cutter etc.
Measuring equipment Tape measure; meter rule;
hem marker; measuring Or
gauge
Ironing/ pressing Iron; ironing board; clapper
equipment board; velvet board; seam

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roll; steam press; sleeve
board
Sewing equipment
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Sewing machine, e.g.
Description
heavy-duty straight sewing;
overlocker; elasticator Has plastic/wooden handle; a metal shaft; hook with
long sharp pointed blade and short blade with a
- small bead; has plastic cover/cap about 7-8cm.
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Designing equipment Computer (CAD); French
curves; flexy curves; iii. Tape measure
dressmakers pencil
Diagram
Fitting equipment Full-length mirror;
dummy/ dress stand/form;
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dressmakers pins
Marking equipment Tracing wheel and
dressmaker’s carbon paper;
tailor’s chalk; dressmaker’s
pencil; stiletto Description
Storage equipment Wardrobe; trunk; cabinets; 1m/150cm/200cm; marked both sides in cm and
pin cushion; pin box inches; made from fibreglass/ plastic; has metal ends
with a small hole in the middle/centre; obtained in
b) Consider the following when marking the various colours.
diagrams, thus correct shape, boldness, proportion
and neatness. If asked to label, this should be
accompanied by some pointed arrows. c) Award 2 marks for each tool, thus 1 mark for
choice and 1 mark for the care of each tool
i. Stiletto
i. Stiletto
Diagram Choice
• One with a cork to protect the sharp point
• One with a sharp point to punch holes neatly
and easily.
• One of good quality material to last long
• Care
• Store in dry places to avoid rust.

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 11 NECKLINE FINISHES
QUESTION 1 • Turn facing to the wrong side of the garment
a) Award 1 mark each for naming correctly the type and understitch. Press facing and secure with
of neckline finishes illustrated in the picture close hemming at the shoulders Fig 2
• Shaped facing • A completed neckline facing. Fig 3
• Rolled /shawl collar Fig 1
• Binding

b) Award 1 mark each for a correct neckline finishes

beside the ones illustrated in the picture
• Hood
• Elastic in casing
• Drawstring in casing
• Peter pan collar: revers collar: sailor’s collar etc.

c) Accept the following reasons for applying some Fig 2

finishes on the neckline and award 1 mark each

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• Specifically to neaten the neckline
• Improving line and style of the garment
• To improve the fit of the garment
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• To provide some decoration/ make the garment
to look attractive

QUESTION 2
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a) Award 1 mark for giving the correct name of the
collar being prepared
Rolled collar/ shirt collar
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b) Award 1 mark each for naming each part correctly.

Accept the following Fig 3
• Machine-stitching
• Seam allowance
• Interfacing/ under collar interfaced
• Notches/ balance marks

QUESTION 3
Award 8 marks for notes and two diagrams, 5 marks
for notes and one diagram and 4 marks for notes
or diagrams only on preparation and attaching a QUESTION 4
shaped facing to a garment neckline Award 2 marks for each correct illustration of the
• Neaten the outer edge of the facing. Fig 1 three basic types of collars
• With right sides facing, pin and tack toward the • Flat collar, for example, either peter pan collar (i)
neck edge 1.5cm from the raw edges. or sailor’s collar (ii)
• Remove pins and machine stitch along the
tacking. Fig 1
• Remove tacking and secure threads/fasten off
threads/end off threads.
• Press the seam line and trim the seam to 5mm.
Notch the curve. Fig 1

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 22 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF CLOTHES
AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTION
QUESTION 1 the following fabrics;
a) What do the following care labelling symbols Wool
stand for?
• Tub stands for washing
• Triangle stands for bleaching
• Square stands for drying
• Iron stands for ironing Cotton
• The circle stands for dry cleaning
•
QUESTION 2
a) Briefly explain how to remove the following
stains;
Silk
i. Blood: Soak the stained part in cold water, then
wash in salty water and rinse thoroughly.
ii. Perspiration: Sponge the affected area with a
solution of ammonia and water or vinegar and water
or borax and water, wash and rinse thoroughly.
iii. Paint: Soak the stained area in turpentine or

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paraffin and wash off the stain and rinse thoroughly.
iv. Gum: Freeze the affected area with ice and scrape
off the gum. Wash and rinse the garment.
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b) The five general steps for laundering clothes
i. Sorting: Separate light colours from dark colours
and sort according to the amount of soiling or dirt.
Check for stains so that you remove them before QUESTION 4
a) Uses of the following laundry materials
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washing the garment.

ii. Steeping/ soaking: Clothes are soaked in warm i. Water is a very important cleaning agent. It is
soapy water to loosen the dirt and dust particles combined with soap to remove dirt. It is advisable
so that it is easy to remove when washing. Care to use warm or hot water because it dissolves dirt
should be taken to avoid soaking fabrics that are not and grease easily. Water is also used for rinsing to
colourfast/ fabrics that bleed or lose colour during remove soap and dirt.
washing. ii. Detergents are cleaning agents used to remove,
iii. Washing: This can be done by hand or by a for example, washing soap which is available in soap
washing machine. Different fabrics are washed bars, liquids, powders, paste and flakes. Detergents
differently. Therefore, it is advisable to follow are special, powerful cleansers that can break up dirt,
the washing instructions given on the care labels oils, and grease in clothing or dishes.
attached to the garment. iii. Bleaches help whiten, brighten and remove
iv. Drying: Clothes are dried outside; therefore, it stains. Bleach converts soils into colourless, soluble
is advisable to follow the drying instructions on the particles easily removed by detergents, then carried
care labels attached to the garment. away in the wash water. Bleach can also brighten and
v. Ironing: involves moving a hot iron back and forth, whiten fabrics and help remove stubborn stains.
removing creases from clothes. Different fabrics iv. Fabric softener is used to soften fabrics, thereby
require different ironing temperatures; therefore, it is reducing the build-up of static electricity, which
advisable to use the correct ironing temperature for causes a garment to cling to the body and add a
the fabric to avoid burning or scorching garments. fresh scent. Some fabric softeners also extend the
life of clothing by coating the individual fibres with
protective chemicals.
QUESTION 3
a) Illustrate the care labels for garments made from

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 26 INDUSTRIAL TEXTILE AND CLOTHING
PRODUCTION
QUESTION 1 • Pressing
a) Award one mark for explaining a laboratory
correctly QUESTION 3
It is a special room designed for experiments or a) What is a process flow chart?
practical operations to be performed.
Refers to a diagram showing a sequence of
b) State any three factors to be considered when operations or steps in a process.
setting up a factory
• Space is needed to set up machines and
b) Award each for a clearly explained symbol.
equipment.
• An oval shape - Represents the starting and
• Reliable suppliers of fabrics and other materials
ending points.
required for the completion of an order on time.
• A diamond - Represents a decision point in the
• Production capacity based on estimated output
process.
per day.
• An inverted triangle - Represents in-process
• The allocation of operators and machinery for
measurement.
the product in a sequence of processes.
• A square with rounded ends - represents the
• Estimated total budget for capital investment,

e
waiting period/ temporary delay.
salaries and running costs.
•
QUESTION 4
c) Award one mark each for naming any two pieces
pl Award four marks for differentiating small scale
of equipment required for packaging in the textile
factory cutting and the factory cutting methods
• Template for folding the garment.
• Needle detector. Small scale cutting Factory cutting
m
• Tag gun machine. methods
• - Cutting is done at the - Cutting is done
QUESTION 2 domestic level using at the commercial
a) Award a mark for explaining correctly a smaller tables and level using advanced
Sa

production line manual cutting tools cutting machines such

such as dressmakers’ as semi-automatic
It is an industrial set-up of machinery, equipment and
scissors. cutting machines and
operators for a continuous work flow during mass
computerized cutting
production operations.
machines.

b) Award 10 marks for filling in correctly blank spaces - Cutting scissors are -Cutting machines
on operation breakdown used in the production line easy to manipulate. are heavy; hence they
of a girl’s skirt. require a skilled person
to manipulate because
• Cut they move fast.
• Pattern markings
- For small production. -For mass production.
• Fuse/ interface The hand scissors are The semi-automatic
• Pleat not appropriate for bulk cutting machines
• Join/attach: overlaid cutting. and computerized
• Darts cutting machines are
appropriate for bulky
• Centre back: zip
cutting.
• Attach/insert: concealed method/ lapped
method
QUESTION 5
• Neaten/ finish
a) Outline any two reasons why it is important to
• Button: buttonhole
prepare a top marker first before laying it out. [2]
• Hem

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 Mastering Series

GramSol Publishing

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15
 ‘O’ LEVEL
GRAMSOL SERIES
MY STUDY GUIDE
MY EXAM PRACTICE

‘A’ LEVEL

SAMPLE
MASTERING SERIES
MY STUDY GUIDE
MY EXAM PRACTICE

WHY YOU
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GRAMSOL
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