Raphael P.

Guanzon
8-Onyx
1. Define the ff:
a. Cash book- is a financial record that tracks all cash inflows and cash inflows over a specific
period of time. It also helps calculate the balance of cash on hand at any given time. This
balance is crucial for monitoring on how bossiness’s can meet its short-term financial
obligations.
b. Bank accounts- is a financial account held at a bank or other financial institution that
allows individuals and businesses to deposit and withdraw money, as well as make
payments and transfers. It’s designed for everyday transactions, like paying bills and
withdrawing cash, used for saving money, often earning a small interest rate.
c. Employment records- are documents that contain information about an individual’s
work history and employment status. They are essential for employees and employers, this
record has personal information ( ex. Name, address, contact details, date of birth),
employment details, tax info, other documents. They ensure that employees receive the
correct benefits and compensation.
d. Occupational training needs- are the skills, knowledge, abilities, and competencies
required for a person to perform well in a specific job role.
e. Sales record- is a documented history of all sales transactions made by a business or
individual. It typically includes information like the date of sale, item(s) sold, quantity, price,
customer details, and payment method. Sales records are crucial for tracking revenue,
analyzing sales performance, and managing taxes.  a sales record might include the date a
product was sold, the name of the product, how many units were sold, the price per unit,
the total sale amount, and the method of payment (credit card, cash, etc.). In an online
store, a sales record might also contain customer information like their address, email, and
shipping details. E-commerce platforms like Shopify or Amazon automatically generate sales
records for each transaction.
f. Proof of purchase- is any document that shows a buyer has paid for a product or
service. It acts as evidence that a transaction took place and often includes the price paid,
the item or service purchased, the date of purchase, and sometimes the buyer’s details.
Proof of purchase is essential for returns, warranty claims, or exchanges.
g. Inventory- refers to the goods, materials, or products that a business keeps on hand for
resale, manufacturing, or other business purposes. It is one of the most important aspects of
business management, as it ensures that a company has the necessary products to meet
customer demand, without overstocking or understocking. It might include shirts, pants,
jackets, and accessories. This inventory is tracked so that the store can restock items that
are selling well and adjust pricing if certain products aren’t moving.
h. Agricultural output- refers to the total production of crops, livestock, or other
agricultural products over a specified period (usually a year). It’s a measure of the
productivity of a farm, region, or country and is often used as an indicator of the strength of
the agricultural sector.
 i. Crop enterprise- refers to a farming operation or business that focuses on producing a
specific type of crop or set of crops. It involves not just the act of planting and harvesting,
but also the financial, managerial, and operational aspects of farming.
j. Input records- refer to detailed documentation or logs of all the resources (inputs) used
in a business or agricultural operation, particularly in farming, manufacturing, or production.
These records track the materials, labor, equipment, and other resources consumed in the
production process. The purpose of input records is to keep track of the resources required
to produce goods, understand costs, and assess the efficiency of production.
k. Production- refers to the process of creating goods and services from raw materials and
resources. It involves converting inputs (such as labor, materials, and capital) into finished
products or services. In agriculture, production is the process of growing crops or raising
animals for sale, while in manufacturing, production refers to the creation of physical goods
from raw materials.
l. Agricultural law- refers to the process of creating goods and services from raw materials
and resources. It involves converting inputs (such as labor, materials, and capital) into
finished products or services. In agriculture, production is the process of growing crops or
raising animals for sale, while in manufacturing, production refers to the creation of physical
goods from raw materials.
m. Food safety act of 2013- is a piece of legislation aimed at ensuring the safety and
quality of food products in a given country. The Act typically sets out regulations and
guidelines for food handling, processing, packaging, and distribution, focusing on minimizing
foodborne illness risks and protecting consumer health. While the exact details vary by
country, the main goal is to ensure that food is safe to eat from farm to table.  Under the
Food Safety Act, food producers and handlers are required to follow hygiene practices to
prevent contamination. For example, a meat processing plant must ensure that workers
wash their hands, sanitize equipment, and check for harmful bacteria (like Salmonella)
before packaging meat products for sale.
Retailers and restaurants are also impacted by the Act. A restaurant must ensure that food
is stored at the correct temperatures, that cooking processes meet minimum standards to
kill bacteria, and that food labeling is accurate and clear about ingredients and allergens.
The Food Safety Act is essential for maintaining public health by ensuring that food products
do not cause harm to consumers. It aims to prevent foodborne illnesses that can arise from
improper handling, storage, or processing. Compliance with this law also builds consumer
confidence in the safety and quality of the food supply.
n. Lubricant- is a substance used to reduce friction between two surfaces in contact, which
helps prevent wear and tear, heat buildup, and potential damage. Lubricants can be liquids
(like oils), semi-liquids (grease), or solids (like graphite) and are used in a wide variety of
applications, from automotive engines to machinery and even agricultural equipment.
2. What are the types of farm records and accounts?
- Production Records
- Financial Records / Accounts
- Inventory Records
- Labor Records
 - Tax and Legal records
- Farm Business Records
- Crop and soil management records
3. What are the 5 basic types of inventories?
- Raw Materials
- Work-in-Progress (WIP)
- Finished goods
- Maintenance, Repair, and Operations (MRO)
- Packing and Packaging Materials
4. Give the steps of a maintenance program in Crop production.
- Soil Testing:
- Conduct regular soil tests to assess nutrient levels, pH, and soil health.
- Use the results to determine necessary amendments.
- Crop Rotation:
- Plan and implement crop rotation strategies to improve soil fertility and reduce pest and
disease pressure.
- Weed Control:
- Develop a weed management plan, including mechanical, chemical, and cultural practices.
- Regularly monitor fields for weed growth and apply control measures as needed.
- Pest Management:
- Implement integrated pest management (IPM) practices, including monitoring pest
populations and applying appropriate controls.
- Use beneficial insects and biocontrol where possible.
- Irrigation Management:
- Establish a proper irrigation schedule based on crop needs, soil moisture levels, and weather
conditions.
- Regularly check irrigation systems for efficiency and repair any issues.
- Fertilization:
- Create a fertilization plan based on soil test results and crop requirements.
- Apply fertilizers at the right time and in the correct amounts to avoid nutrient deficiencies or
excesses.
- Crop Monitoring:
- Regularly monitor crop health for signs of disease, nutrient deficiencies, or stress.
- Keep detailed records of crop development and any interventions.
- Harvest Planning:
- Plan harvest timings based on crop maturity and weather conditions.
- Ensure that harvesting equipment is well-maintained for efficiency.
- Post-Harvest Management:
- Implement proper post-harvest practices to minimize spoilage, including drying, storage,
and packaging.
- Assess crop yield and quality for future planning.
- Continuous Education:
- Stay informed about new technologies, practices, and research in crop production.
- Attend workshops, webinars, or training sessions to improve skills and knowledge.
5. What are the general types of maintenance?
- Preventive Maintenance
Examples include regular inspections, oil changes, and parts replacements.
- Corrective Maintenance:
This type involves fixing or replacing faulty components to restore functionality.
- Predictive Maintenance: Maintenance based on the condition of equipment and data
analysis to predict when maintenance should be performed. Techniques may include
vibration analysis, thermal imaging, and oil analysis to identify potential issues before they
lead to failures.
- Routine Maintenance:
Day-to-day upkeep activities that ensure equipment operates smoothly and efficiently. This
can include cleaning, lubrication, and minor adjustments.
- Emergency Maintenance: Unplanned maintenance that is required when equipment fails
unexpectedly and needs immediate attention. This type of maintenance aims to minimize
downtime and restore operations as quickly as possible.

6. How do you maintain tools and equipment?

- To maintain tools and equipment, regularly clean them after use, inspect for wear or damage,
lubricate moving parts, and sharpen cutting tools. Store items in a clean, dry, and organized
manner, calibrate precision tools, and replace worn parts as needed. Ensure proper training for
all users, keep a maintenance log, and schedule professional servicing when necessary.
Following these steps helps ensure tools and equipment remain functional, safe, and efficient.
7. What are the different methods in identifying non-functional tools & equipment?
- Visual Inspection, Functional testing, Performance Monitoring, user feedback,
Maintenance Logs, wear indicators.
8. What “ “ types & uses of lubricants. Give each meaning.
Oil-Based Lubricants: These lubricants are derived from petroleum or synthetic sources and are
typically liquid.
Grease: A semi-solid lubricant that consists of oil thickened with a soap or another thickening
agent.
Dry Lubricants: Lubricants that are applied in a dry form, often as a powder or spray, such as
graphite or PTFE (Teflon).
Water-Based Lubricants:
 Meaning: Lubricants that use water as the primary ingredient, often with added emulsifiers and
preservatives.
 Bio-Based Lubricants: Lubricants made from renewable biological sources, often designed to
be environmentally friendly.
High-Temperature lubricants: Lubricants specifically formulated to withstand high temperatures
without breaking down.
Low-Temperature Lubricants: Lubricant designed to maintain viscosity and performance at low
temperatures.
 Extreme Pressure (EP) Lubricants: Lubricants formulated to provide protection under high-
pressure conditions, often containing additives that form a protective layer.

9. Give examples of hand and power tools. Hammer, screwdriver, wrench, pliers, saw, tape
measure, chisel, file, level, and utility knife, Drill, circular saw, jigsaw, angle grinder, sander,
impact driver, rotary tool, nail gun, table saw, and miter saw.
10. What is the purpose of inspection?
- The purpose of inspection is to ensure safety, verify compliance with standards and
regulations, assess the condition and functionality of tools and equipment, identify potential
issues or defects, maintain quality control, facilitate timely maintenance or repairs, and
ultimately enhance operational efficiency and reliability.
 portfolio in
math
Raphael P.Guanzon
8-Onyx