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Wa0008.

The project report details the development of an Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System using an HC-SR04 sensor and Arduino/ESP32 microcontroller. It outlines the system's objectives, components, working principle, and code implementation, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-time distance measurement for various applications such as robotics and security. The conclusion highlights the system's reliability and potential for future enhancements.

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Arun Palani
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13 views6 pages

Wa0008.

The project report details the development of an Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System using an HC-SR04 sensor and Arduino/ESP32 microcontroller. It outlines the system's objectives, components, working principle, and code implementation, demonstrating its effectiveness in real-time distance measurement for various applications such as robotics and security. The conclusion highlights the system's reliability and potential for future enhancements.

Uploaded by

Arun Palani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY

Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognized by the Govt. of Karnataka

Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,

NAAC Accredited with ‘A’ Grade

Ideal Homes Township, RajaRajeshwari Nagar, Bengaluru-98

SMART IOT MINIPROJECT

PROJECT REPORT
Title: Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System

Submitted by: Arun Balajee A P


USN: 1GA21CS030

1. Introduction

Distance measurement is a crucial aspect of various applications, including


robotics, automation, and security systems. The ultrasonic sensor is a
reliable and cost-effective solution for measuring distances with high
accuracy. This project implements an ultrasonic distance measurement
system using an Arduino (or ESP32) microcontroller and an HC-SR04
ultrasonic sensor. The system calculates and displays the distance of an
object from the sensor in real-time.

2. Objectives

• To develop an ultrasonic distance measurement system using an


Arduino/ESP32.

• To integrate an ultrasonic sensor for real-time distance measurement.


• To display the measured distance on a serial monitor.

• To ensure efficient and accurate readings for various applications.

3. Components Used

1. Microcontroller - Arduino/ESP32

2. Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04

3. Resistors and Wires - For circuit connections

4. Power Supply - 5V DC

5. Software - Arduino IDE

4. Circuit Diagram

The circuit consists of an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor connected to the


microcontroller. The Trigger (TRIG) Pin is connected to GPIO 5, and the Echo
(ECHO) Pin is connected to GPIO 18. The sensor emits ultrasonic waves,
which are reflected by an obstacle and received back by the sensor, allowing
the system to calculate the distance.

5. Working Principle

The system operates using the time-of-flight principle, where the sensor
sends out an ultrasonic pulse, which bounces off an object and returns to
the sensor.

Distance=Time×0.0342\text{Distance} = \frac{\text{Time} \times 0.034}{2}


where 0.034 is the speed of sound in cm/µs, and the division by 2 accounts
for the round-trip time.
6. Code Implementation

// Pin definitions

#define TRIG_PIN 5 // Define the GPIO pin for the trigger

#define ECHO_PIN 18 // Define the GPIO pin for the echo

long duration; int

distance;

void setup() {

Serial.begin(115200);

pinMode(TRIG_PIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(ECHO_PIN, INPUT);

Serial.println("Ultrasonic Sensor Initialized.");

void loop() {

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(TRIG_PIN, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(ECHO_PIN, HIGH);

distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.println(" cm"); delay(1000);

7. Results and Observations

• The system successfully measures distances accurately in real-time.

• The serial monitor displays the measured distance in centimeters.

• The response time of the sensor is quick, ensuring efficient readings.

• The system performs well in indoor environments but may require


calibration in outdoor conditions.

8. Applications

• Robotics: Autonomous obstacle detection and navigation.

• Security Systems: Intruder detection in restricted areas.

• Smart Vehicles: Parking assistance and collision detection.

• Industrial Automation: Object distance measurement in


manufacturing units.
•

9. Conclusion

This project successfully demonstrates a real-time ultrasonic distance


measurement system using an HC-SR04 sensor and a microcontroller. The
system is reliable, efficient, and has various practical applications in
automation, robotics, and security. Future enhancements may include
integrating an LCD display, wireless data transmission, or multiple sensors
for enhanced accuracy.
10. References

• Datasheet of HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

• Arduino Documentation

• Online tutorials on ultrasonic distance measurement

Submitted by:
Arun Balajee A P
USN: 1GA21CS030

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