HISTORY

OF
BASKETBALL
Prepared By:

ARJAY V. SABAREZA
SHAILYN S. ABILA

MAEd MAPEH
 Basketball History
Basketball was invented at Springfield
College by Dr. Naismith in 1891. In the
beginning, a peach basket was used as the
hoop. By 1932, things drastically changed
when eight national federations founded
the International Basketball Federation in
Switzerland. 14 years later the National
Basketball Association (NBA) was
formed. Then in 1917, women began
their own professional league, The
Women’s National Basketball Association
(WNBA)
Dr. James Naismith
 Team sport
Basketball is a team sport. But in
basketball teams, every player
has got his ambitions.
To get a transfer in the best
teams, to beat one of the best
players, to win as many trophies
as he can. To be in his national
team squad, and play against
other countries.
But it is a team sport, which
needs co-operation and team
spirit.
 Where it came from, and how it started..
In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian-born
physical education professor and instructor at the International
Young Men's Christian Association Training School (YMCA) (today,
Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, was trying
to keep his gym class active on a rainy day.
He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students
occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England
winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly
suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules of his game
and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3.05 m) elevated track.
In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket
retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each
"basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so the
bottom of the basket was removed allowing the balls to be poked out
with a long dowel each time. The peach baskets were used until
1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with
backboards.
A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed
through, paving the way for the game we know today. An
association football was used to shoot baskets. Whenever a person
got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever
team got the most points won the game.
The baskets were originally nailed to the mezzanine balcony of
the playing court, but this proved impractical when spectators on the
balcony began to interfere with shots. The backboard was introduced
to prevent this interference; it had the additional effect of allowing
rebound shots.
How it’s played… The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the
opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own.
An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points,
or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arch which is 6.25 meters (20 ft 6 in)
from the basket in international games and 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) in NBA games. A one-
point shot can be earned when shooting from the foul line after a foul is made.
Games are played in four quarters of 10 (FIBA) or 12 minutes (NBA). Fifteen minutes
are allowed for a half-time break under FIBA, NBA, and NCAA rules. Overtime periods are
five minutes in length. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is
actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games
generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two
hours.
Five players from each team may be on the court at one time. Substitutions are
unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who
oversees the development and strategies of the team, and other team personnel such as
assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers.
For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts
and a jersey with a clearly visible number, unique within the team, printed on both the front
and back. Players wear high-top sneakers that provide extra ankle support. Typically, team
names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors are printed on the
uniforms.
A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach (or sometimes
mandated in the NBA) for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last
no longer than one minute (100 seconds in the NBA) unless, for televised games, a
commercial break is needed.
The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee (referred to as crew
chief in the NBA), one or two umpires (referred to as referees in the NBA) and the table
officials. For college, the NBA, and many high schools, there are a total of three referees
on the court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring,
timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow, and
the shot clock.
Court Dimensions
Court Terminology
 m e
h e Ga Number of players
of t
l e s If you want to play basketball for fun,
Ru you have the possibility of playing on
your own. But you can also play team
games with either 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5
players on each teams. Teams can be
mixed, with boys and girls, or not.

On a competition level, a team is

made up of 5 players playing on the
court and 5 players sitting on the
bench that can be used for substitution
during the whole period of the game.
 The Game
 Basic Rules of Basketball
 The object of a basketball game is to score points by making
field goals or free throw shots. There are two opposing teams,
each with five players.

 A game commences with a jump ball at center court. Each team

then tries to recover the ball and make baskets in their
opponents basket.

 The rim of the basket is 10 feet from the floor.\

 A varsity high game consists of four 8 minute quarters. A

college game consists of two 20 minute halves.
 Each player is assigned a
position when playing.
This position is usually
determined by the
height of the player.
The tallest player on the
team usually plays
“center” also known as
“position 5”, while the
medium size ones play
“forwards” / “position 3
and 4”. The shortest
players then play
“guards” / “position 1
and 2”.
 Positions on it. . .
 point guard: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the
team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it
gets to the right player at the right time.
 shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on offense;
guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense.
 small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring points via
cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks
rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively.
 power forward: plays offensively often with their back to the
basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or
against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense).
 center: uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the
basket closely (on defense), or to rebound.
International Basketball
The International Basketball Federation was
formed in 1932 by eight founding nations: Argentina,
Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal,
Romania and Switzerland. At this time, the
organization only oversaw amateur players. Its
acronym, derived from the French Fédération
Internationale de Basketball Amateur, was thus FIBA".
Men's Basketball was first included in the
Berlin Olympic Games in 1936, although a
demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The
United States defeated Canada in the first final, played
outdoors. This competition has usually been
dominated by the United States, whose team has won
all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final
game in Munich in 1972 against the Soviet Union. In
1950 the first FIBA World Championship for men was
held in Argentina. Three years later, the first FIBA
World Championship for Women was held in Chile.
Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in
1976, which were held in Montreal, Canada with
teams such as the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia
rivaling the American squads.
 The American “DreamTeam”
FIBA dropped the distinction between
amateur and professional players in 1989, and in
1992, professional players played for the first time in
the Olympic Games. The United States' dominance
continued with the introduction of their Dream
Team.
However, with developing programs
elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the
United States. A team made entirely of NBA players
finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships in
Indianapolis, behind Yugoslavia, Argentina, Germany,
New Zealand and Spain.
In the 2004 Athens Olympics, the United
States suffered its first Olympic loss while using
professional players, falling to Puerto Rico (in a 19-
point loss) and Lithuania in group games, and being
eliminated in the semifinals by Argentina. It
eventually won the bronze medal defeating
Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and Italy.
In 2006, in the World Championship of
Japan, the United States advanced to the semifinals
but were defeated by Greece by 101–95. In the
bronze medal game it beat team Argentina and
finished 3rd behind Greece and Spain.
 A player scores when he manages to throw the ball into
the basket, with the ball passing through the basket from
above the hoop. Scoring a basket increases the team’s
score by 3, 2, or 1 point.
 2 point field goal- a shot made from anywhere during play
inside the 3 pt arc.
 3 point field goal- a shot made from anywhere outside the 3
pt arc.
 Free throw- 1 point is awarded to an unguarded shot taken
from behind the free throw line while the clock is stopped.
 A violation occurs when the player breaks one of the rules of Basketball. A violation
results in the awarding of the ball to the opponents.
 Violation- an infraction of the rules that does not involve personal contact with the
opponent or unsportsmanlike conduct
 When a violation occurs the ball is called dead and rewarded to the opposing team for
a throw in from the sideline nearest where the violation occurred
 Traveling- moving illegally with the ball
 Three seconds- an offensive player remains in the key (free throw lane- the area
under the basket) for more than 3 seconds
 5 seconds holding the ball
 10 seconds in the backcourt
 Double dribble- a player dribbles the ball with both hands at the same time or they
stop and then start dribbling again
 Free throw Violation – Stepping over the free throw line before the ball hits the rim.
 Back court violation – going back over the centerline/half court to gain control of the
ball after the ball has already been in the opponents court.
 Stepping on the sideline while in possession of the ball

 Over & back - Touching the ball in the backcourt after it has entered the frontcourt and was not last
touched by the other team.
 Fo u l s
 A foul is an illegal action that can be committed by player from one team against a player
from the opposing team. Basketball is generally said to be a non-contact game. If contact
occurs beyond what is deemed to be reasonable, or if a player thereby obtains an unfair
advantage from it, a foul is committed.
 FOULS: results in one or more free throws awarded to the opposing team
 Blocking- impeding the progress of an opponent by extending one or both arms
horizontally or getting in the path of a moving player.
 Charging- running into a stationary player while you are moving with the ball.
 Hacking- the player hits the arm or hand of the person holding the ball.
 Holding- the player holds the person with or without the ball.

 Disqualifications
 1. Five personal fouls
 2. Single disqualifying foul (Flagrant Foul)
Basic Skills
 Dribbling
 Shooting
 Rebounding
 Defense
 Passing
 Chest pass
 Bounce pass
 Overhead pass
 Baseball Pass
 Fo u l s
 “Bonus”
 After a team has seven fouls in a half, the opponent is in the
“bonus.” A bonus is awarded in the form of a 1&1 from the free
throw line.

 “Double Bonus”
 After the 10th team foul in a half the opponent is in the “double
bonus” where the opponent’s player who was fouled is given a 2 free
throw opportunity
 TERMS
 Air ball- a shot that completely misses the rim and the backboard
 Jump Ball – is used to start the game
 Assist- a pass to a teammate who then scores a field goal.
 Defense- team trying to stop the other team from scoring
 Dunk- to throw the ball down into the basket with the hand above the level
of the rim
 Fast break- dribbling or passing the ball towards your basket before the
defense can set up
 Man-to-man- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an assigned player
 Offense- team trying to score
 Turn over- any loss of the ball without a shot being taken
 Zone defense- a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead
of a player (2-1-2, 2-3)
  Boxing out- a player’s position between an

Z Z Z Z opposing player and the basket to obtain a better

KILL
rebounding position.
S  Dribbling- bouncing the ball with 1 hand using
your fingertips instead of your palm so that it
rebounds back to yourself (the only legal way
to move with the ball)
 Low dribble for control (knee high)
 High dribble for speed (waist height)
 Passing- moving the ball by throwing,
bouncing, handing, or rolling it to another player
(Chest- most common, Bounce, Lob, ect..)
Passing is better then shooting
 Shooting- throwing the ball to make a basket
 Pivoting- stepping once or more in any
direction with the same foot while holding the
other foot at its initial point.
 Rebounding- The recovering of a shot that
bounces off the backboard or the rim.
The Court
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