GOVT.

OF NCI OF DELIII: DIRECTORATE OF EDUCATION

EXAMINATION CELL, ROOM NO. 222-A
01,D SECRETARIAT, DELI-II-110054
No. 5115(zi /64 /204 510P9-- Date: .7 Voti..20 5—
CIRCUI.AIR
Subject: Must do Topics/ Focused Topics for Academic Session 2024-25 for classes X and

.
'fhe Directorate of I duration, GNC of Delhi, is committed to fostering the academic growth
of all students. In its endeavour to focus on bridging the learning gaps and offering tailored
support For targeted groups of students in classes X and XII, the subject experts at the Core
Academic t Inn (CAt1), along with the teachers of Dol'„ have identified key topics and chapters
essential to holster students' core competencies or the subject. A list of ''Must-Do" topics. is
included in Anncxure I and II fbr each subject. These Ibcused topics for the above mentioned
classes have been uploaded on the home page of website of Directorate of l'Aucation, Delhi at
the link given below:

Academic & Examination—, Examination Tips and related Links—, Must do topics/ Focused topics
'04-25

All the I leads or Govt. and Govt. Aided Schools are hereby directed to provide the printouts
or focused topics to the concerned teachers and ensure that the teachers give the students
sufficient practice or the questions based on these topics.

rhis issues ‘-‘, ith the approval or the Competent Authority.

AI
Dr. Rita Sharma
Addl. DE (School/Exam)

Enclosures:
ANNEXURE -I Must do Topics/ Focused Topics - Class X
ANNEXURE -II Must do Topics/ Focused Topics Class XII
All I of Govt. and Govt. Aided Schools through 1)11,.1
Copy to:

I. PA to Director (Nducation)
2. All RDN:s/DDEs (District & lona]) through DITh
3. OS (I I) to get it placed on Dld,
4. Guard Nile

Mr. Sanjay Subhas Kumar

DDE(E m )
 ANNEXURE-I

• MUST DO TOPICS
CLASS: X
MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER NAME MUST DO TOPICS

1. Relation between two numbers with their LCM & IICF

REAL NUMBERS
2. Proof of irrationality

1. Sum and product of Zeroes of polynomial

POLYNOMIAL
2. Relationship between zeroes and coefficient of polynomial

1. Condition for consistency and inconsistency

PAIR OF LINEAR
2. Finding solution of linear equations by graphical method
EQUATIONS IN TWO
3. Finding solution of linear equations by elimination method and
VARIABLES
substitution method

1. Explanation of symbols, au and n

ARITHMETIC
2. Finding first term, common difference and nth term of an AP
PROGRESSION
3. Finding sum of an AP

1, Distance formula
COORDINATE
2. Section formula
GEOMETRY
3. Mid-point formula

Introduction to 1. Trigonometric ratios, Ratios of angles 300, 450 and 600

Trigonometry 2. Problems related to height & distance

APPLICATIONS OF 1.Explanation of terms like angle of elevation, angle of depression and line of
TRIGONOMETRY sight
2. Drawing of figure according to question
1. Tangents from an external point to a circle are equal
CIRCLES 2. Tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact
3. Questions based on above two theorems

SURFACE AREAS 1. All formulas related to the chapter

AND VOLUME 2. Questions based on conversion of solids

1. Finding mean by direct & assumed mean method

STATISTICS 2. Finding mode & median
3. Relationship between mean, median and mode
PROBABILITY Questions based on coins, cards and dice
 ENGLISH- 1X 1
IMPORTANT TIPS

➢ Reading Section

• Evaluate reading and comprehension skills, including analysis, inference, and evaluation of
information.
• Practice passages from Practice Papers.
• Guide students on writing concisely.
• Emphasize avoiding verbatim reproduction from the passage without coherent structure or
thought.
• Highlight the importance of understanding the language of the question: terms like same as,
synonymous to, antonym o/, opposite of, etc.
• Encourage skimming and scanning techniques for unseen passages.
• Reinforce that this section is scoring if students grasp question language properly.
• Incorporate Assertion and Reasoning Questions, aligned with the latest CBSE pattern, for
thorough practice.

➢ Grammar:

• Revisc competency-based questions on Tenses, Articles, Determiners, Modals, Correct Form of

the Verb, and Reported Speech repeatedly.
• Emphasize both identification and rectification in Editing questions; incomplete without either
aspect.
• Provide ample practice for Editing questions.
• Conduct competency-based practice in the classroom for better understanding.

• Writing Section:

• Use prescribed formats for all writing tasks in the syllabus.

• Discuss current affairs and socially relevant topics comprehensively.
• Take inspiration for writing tasks from textbook lessons.
• Practice Letter Writing and Analytical Paragraphs on suggested topics.
 1JTFIRATURE : (FIRST FLIGHT & FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET)

• Short Answer Type Questions : A thorough reading and understanding of the Lessons to be
able to attempt questions related to theme and character sketches. A thorough understanding of
the poems and a clear idea of the central theme.
• Long Answer Type Questions : Mainly theme related questions. Interconnected questions from
different chapters with similar themes can be asked. To he able to present well developed and
justified arguments/evidence for the characters. Carefully structured content with a beginning,
middle and end with highly relevant ideas presented cohesively.

Instructions to be given to students:

• Convey the idea/s convincingly using appropriate language

• Organize the content and structure the idea logically, sequentially and cohesively
• Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structure appropriate to the content and context
• Use of functional language to show comparison, contrast, emphasis, conclusion etc.
• (faism ch15-002)

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 c /tic
Must-Do Topics

• Class X, Session:2024-25
Subject :Science

Unit I. Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
1-- Types of chemical reactions (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement,
redox).
Balancing chemical equations.
Applications of reactions in daily life.
2. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Properties and reactions of acids and bases.
pH scale and its importance.
Common salts: preparation, properties, and uses.
3. Metals and Non-Metals
Properties of metals and non-metals.
Reactions of metals with acids, water, and oxygen.
Corrosion and its prevention.
4. Carbon and its Compounds
>=- Covalent bonding in carbon compounds.
Homologous series, functional groups.
Important reactions: combustion, substitution, addition, and esterification

Unit II. World of Living

5. Life Processes
Nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion in plants and animals.
6. Control and Coordination
--- Nervous system and endocrine system in humans.
Tropic movements in plants and plant hormones.
7. How Do Organisms Reproduce?
1-- Modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual.
Human reproductive system and menstrual cycle.
Reproductive health.
8. Heredity
Mendel's laws of inheritance.
Sex determination in humans.

Unit Ill. Natural Phenomena

9. Light — Reflection and Refraction
›- Laws of reflection and refraction.
Image formation by mirrors and lenses.
Applications of spherical mirrors and lenses.
10. Human Eye and the Colourful World
Structure and function of the human eye.
Defects of vision and their correction.
Atmospheric refraction and dispersion (rainbow formation).

1/2
 WO-
Unit IV. Effects of Current
11. j„,Electricity
Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits.
Power and energy in electrical appliances.
12. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Magnetic field and field lines.
Electromagnetic induction.
Domestic electric circuits.

Unit V. Natural Resources

13. Our Environment
Ecosystem: components and functioning.
Waste management: biodegradable and non-biodegradable.

Tips for Students

1. Prioritize understanding concepts over rote memorization.
2. Practice numerical problems in Physics and Chemistry regularly.
3. Draw and label diagrams neatly for Biology topics.
4. Solve NCERT exercises and additional questions from exemplar books.
5. Revise key definitions, reactions, and laws frequently.
6. Attempt past year question papers and sample papers for practice.
ic*************************************************************************************************************

2/2
 ciLi6
SOCIAL SCIENCE

Class X

Must to Do Topics

India and the Contemporary World II

CH.1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

• Reasons for the Rise of Nationalism in Europe

• French Revolution and Nationalism and Napoleonic code of 1804
• Vienna Conference
• Unification of Italy
• Unification of Germany
• Nationalism in Britain
• Nationalism in Greece
• Balkan Crisis
• Picture based question on symbols and their meaning

CH.2 Nationalism in India

• Idea of Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi

• Impact of First World War on India
• Comparative study of Non — Comparative & Civil Disobedience movement (special emphasis on
Aim, Methods, Participation, outcome/ limit)
• Perception of Swaraj by Different sections of Society
• Role of Ambedkar (Poona Pact & Depressed Class Association)
• How sense of collective belongingness emerged in India
• Short note on Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh, Khilafat Movement, Simon Commission, Round table
conference)
• Map Work

CH. 3 The Making of Global World

• Silk Routes Link the World

• Food Travels: Spaghetti and Potato
• Conquest, Disease and Traders

CH.5 Print Culture and the Modern World

• The First Printed Books

• Print Comes to Europe
• The Print Revolution and its Impact
• The Reading Mania
• The Nineteenth Century
 • India and the World of Print
• Religious Reform and Public Debates
• New forms of Publication
• Print and Censorship

Contemporary India II
CH.1 Resources and Development

• Types of Resources
• Development and Conservation of Resources (Sustainable Development)
• Land Resources, Utilization, Degradation and conservation
• Types of Soils, Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation
• Map Work

CH.2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

• Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India

• Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Resources
• Community and Conservation

CH.3 Water Resources

• Water Scarcity and the Need for Water Conservation and Management
• Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management
• Rainwater Harvesting
• Map Work

CH.4 Agriculture

• Types of Farming
• Cropping Pattern
• Major Crops
• Technological and Institutional Reforms
• Map Work

CH.5 Minerals and Energy Resources

• What is Mineral?
• Mode of Occurrence of Minerals
• Classification of Minerals
• Conservation of Minerals
• Energy Resources
• Conventional Sources and Non- Conventional Sources of Energy
• Conservation of Energy Resources
• Map Work
 (19(1
CH.6 Manufacturing Industries

• • Importance of Manufacturing Industries

• Factors affecting location of Industries
• Classification of Industries
• Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation
• Control of Environmental Degradation
• Map Work

CH.7 Life Lines of National Economy

• Map Work

Democratic Politics II

CH.1 Power Sharing

• Comparative study of power sharing in Belgium and Sri Lanka ( Problems and Accommodation)
• Forms of Power Sharing
• Need and Importance of power sharing

CH.2 Federalism

• Key features of Federalism

• Difference between coming together federation and Holding together federation
• Distribution of Powers
• Language policy and Linguistic States
• Decentralization in India (Panchayati Raj)

CH.3 Gender, Religion and Caste

• Gender and Politics

• Religion, communalism and politics

• Caste and politics

CH.4 Political Parties

• Meaning, Function and need of Political Parties

• Types of Political Parties (National and State)
• Policies and Symbols of National and Regional Political Parties in India
• Challenges to Political Parties
• How can Political Parties be reformed?

CH.5 Outcome of Democracy

• Evaluation of Democratic form of Government

• Political and Economic outcome of Democracy
 Understanding Economic Development:

CH.1 Development

• Meaning of Development (Different people Different Goals)

• Key Feature of National Development
• Short Notes - Per Capita Income, Infant Mortality Rate, Literacy Rate, Net Attendance Ratio.
• Human Development Index
• Sustainability of Development

CH.2 Sectors of Indian Economy

• Sectors of Economy
• GDP & Problem of Double Counting
• Types of Unemployment
• MGNREGA 2005
• Differentiate between Public and Private Sector
• Differentiate between Organized and Unorganized Sector

CH.3 Money and Credit

• Barter System & Double coincidence of Demand

• Forms of Currency (Modern and Old)
• Function of RBI
• Formal and Informal source of Credit
• Credit as an Assets and Debt Trap
• Condition for Credit
• Self Help Group (SHG's)

CH.4 Globalization and Indian Economy

• Factors affecting Globalisation

• Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment
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 ANNEXURE-II

Chapterwise Must Do Topics in Class XII CBSE

Mathematics for the year 2024-25

Chapter Name • Must Do / Focused Topics

Relations and Functions • Relations types

• One One functions

• Onto Function

Inverse Trigonometric Functions • Inverse Trigonometric functions properties

Matrices • Matrices Multiplication

• Properties of Symmetric and Skew Symmetric

Determinants • Evaluation of 2x2 and 3x3 determinants

• Non Singular Matricics and their inverses A A-1=adjA /IA1

• Solutions of system of linear equations Using Matrix Method

Continuity and Differentiability • Continuity

• Derivatives of standard functions

• Product Rule and Chain Rule

• Quotient Rule

• Second-order derivatives

• Logarithmic Differentiation

• The parametric form of functions -Differentiation

• Rate of Change

• Increasing and decreasing functions

• Local Maxima and Local Minima

Application of Derivatives • Rate of change

• Increasing and decreasing functions

• Finding Local maxima and minima using first and second-order test

Application of Integrals • Area under curves

• Area Bounded by Simple figures like Circle, Ellipse

• The area bounded by Curve & X axis or Y axis

 • The area bounded by a curve and any line

Differential Equations • Differential equation Formation

• Linear differential equation

• Solving Differential Equation with variable separable methods

• Homogeneous Differential Equation and its solution

Vector Algebra • Scalar Product of Vectors

• Projection of Vectors on another vector

• Vector Product or cross product of Vectors and its properties

3-D Geometry • Direction Cosines

• Direction Ratio of line

• Line Equation

• Condition for parallel lines and perpendicular lines

• Co-planarity of line

• The shortest distance between two skew lines

• The shortest distance between parallel lines

Linear Programming • Linear programming problems Graphical Solution

Probability • Probability Multiplication theorem

• Independent Events

• Hayes' Theorem

• Binomial Distribution

• Random Variable and its probability distribution

• Mean of Random Variable

43;
 ci s

• MUST DO SYLLABUS CLASS- XII (2024-25)

ECONOMICS

SYLLABUS (2024-25):

Units Marks

Part A Introductory Macroeconomics

National Income and Related Aggrec ates 10

Money and Banking 6

Determination of Income and Employment 12

Government Budget and the Economy 6

Balance of Payments 6

40

Part E3 Indian Economic Development

Development Experience (194*/-00)

12
and Economic Reforms since 1991

Current Challenges facing Indian Economy 22

Development Experience of India -

A Comparison with 06
Neighbours

Theory Paper (404-40 - 80 Marks) 40

Part C Project Work 20

POINTS TO REMEMBER:-
1. Please attempt all the questions.
2. Write down the correct serial number of the questions.
3. Please do not mix the questions of Part A with Part B.
4. Try to write your answers in point.
5. Draw the diagram wherever needed.
6. Try to attempt the questions in sequence
 cf3t

•
UNIT 1- National Income and related aggregates
1. Circular flow of income
2. Three methods of estimation of national income : steps and precautions.
3. Differences: national vs domestic income, factor/ transfer income, stock vs flow, capital vs consumer
goods, final vs intermediate goods
4. Problem of double counting

5. Real GDP and nominal GDP

6. GDP as a true indicator of welfare has following limitations:

1. Distribution of GDP
2. Composition of GDP
3. Externalities

UNIT 2 MONEY AND BANKING

Money : Functions of money and money supply

Banking_:_credit creation by commercial banks, functions of central bank

Unit-3 - Determination of Income and Employment

1. Consumption function, savings function.

2. APC, APS, MPC , MPS
3 . Excess demand/ Inflationary gap & Deficient demand/ Deflationary gap
4. Measures to correct excess demand and deficient demand.
5 Explanation of short run equilibrium of income and employment
1. AD AS Approach
2. SAVING- INVESTMENT Approach
6. INVESTMENT MULTIPLIER

UNIT 4 - Government Budget and the Economy : Objectives, components and deficits

UNIT 5 - Balance of Payment and Foreign Exchange

• Current account, capital account : debit/ credit side

• Autonomous and Accommodating items

Foreign Exchange Rate

TYPES OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES

1. Fixed Exchange Rate System

2. Flexible Exchange Rate System

3. Managed floating rate system

4. Currency Depreciation VS Currency Appreciation

 C131-

I UNIT 6: Indian Economy 1947 -1991 and economic reforms since 1991

• Changes made by British govt in agriculture, industry, foreign trade and infrastructure and their
impact on Indian economy.

• Post independence reforms in agriculture.

• Classification of industries as per IPR 1956, import substitution, trade barriers and small scale
industries.

• Stabilization vs structural reforms, liberalization, privatization and globalization: outsourcing and

VVTO.

• Critical evaluation of the economic reforms.

UNIT 7 : Current Challenges Faced By The Indian Economy

Employment and Unemployment

• Types of workers
• Worker population ratio
• Casualization and informalization of workforce
• Jobless growth

Human capital formation

• Human capital vs human development
• Relation between human capital formation and economic growth
• Sources of human capital formation
• Role of government in human capital formation.

Rural Development
• Problems in agricultural credit
• Steps taken by government for agricultural marketing
• Need for agricultural diversification
• Benefits of organic farming

Environment And Sustainable Development

• Functions of environment
• Strategies for sustainable development

UNIT 8 - Comparative studies India, Pakistan and China

• Similarities between India, China and Pakistan

• Developmental path of China: great leap forward, cultural proletarian revolution, economic
reforms of 1978.
• Reasons for re-emergence of poverty in Pakistan.
• Human development indicators.
• Liberty indicators.
 0136

S Biology
Class-XI'

Give sufficient emphasis to the following topics :-

Human reproduction,
Reproduction health,
Principle of inheritance and variation Molecular genetics ,
Evolution ,
Microbes in human welfare
Biotechnology principles processes and its applications along with other chapters.
 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS (046) — XII (2024-2025)

• Must do Topics:
o Isometric scale & position of solids with respect to H.P. and V.P. to draw
Isometric Projection.
o Ratios, dimensions and angles of different thread profile, machine parts.
o Understand the correct arrangement of different parts for assembly/dis-
assembly.
o First angle Projection Symbol and Scale used.
o Applications of different machine parts, axis and Code of practice for general
engineering drawing (code IS 696:2003 revised).
 /-3 9
Focused/Must-Do Topics for CBSE Class 12 English Core Annual
• Examination (2024-25)

Section A: Reading

• Two unseen passages to assess comprehension, interpretation, analysis, inference and

evaluation.
• First unseen passage may he factual, descriptive or literary.
• Second unseen passage may be case-based factual passage with verbal/visual inputs
like statistical data, charts etc.
• Vocabulary assessment will also be assessed via inference.
• The combined word limit for both the passages will he 700-750 words.
• Multiple Choice Questions / Objective Type Questions and Short Answer Type
Questions (to be answered in 40-50 words) will be asked.
• Use passages from support materials, sample papers and practice papers for
preparation.

Section B: Writing

• Tasks: Notices, Invitations (Formal/Informal/Replies), Letters, Articles and Reports.

• Formats to prioritize:
oNotice/Invitation
oJob Application with Resume/Letter to the Editor
°Articles and Reports
• Effective Organisation: Introduction: Clearly state the purpose. Body: Develop
logically with supporting examples, causes and effects. Conclusion: End with
meaningful suggestions or a summary.
• Use a range of vocabulary to show comparison, contrast, emphasis and conclusions.
• Follow word limits.

Section C: Literature Textbooks: flamingo & Vistas

1. Prose (Flamingo):The 1.ast Lesson, Lost Spring, Deep Water, The Rattrap, Indigo, Poets
and Pancakes, The Interview, Going Places.
2. Poetry (Flamingo):My Mother at Sixty-Six, Keeping Quiet, A Thing oll3eauty, A
Roadside Stand, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers.
3. Supplementary Reader (Vistas):The Third Level, The Tiger King, Journey to the End of
the Earth, The Enemy, On the Face of It, Memories of Childhood (The Cutting of My Long
Ilair, We Too Arc I luman Beings).
• Read all chapters and poems thoroughly.
• Focus on: Key themes, character sketches, plots, figures of speech and symbols.
• Literary devices like humour, irony, symbolism, imagery, etc.
• Central ideas and paraphrases of poems.
• Short Answers (40-50 words): Brief, relevant and specific.
• Long Answers (120-150 words):
o Introduction: Contextualize the question.
o Body: Detailed explanation with examples from the text.
()Conclusion: Logical summary.
• Extract-Based Questions:
• Identify the name of the poem and poet, prose and author, poetic and literary devices.
• Avoid copying lines from the extract; provide paraphrased answers.
 032
Must do Topics for Class-XI! Political Science (Q28) Yr.2024-25

Book-1 Contemporary world Politics

Ch.1 The End of Bipolarity Soviet System, Disintegration of Soviet Union:
Causes and Effects, Shock Therapy and it's
consequences
Ch.2 Contemporary Centres of Power European Union, ASEAN, China, India-China
Relations
Ch.3 Contemporary South Asia What is South Asia, Pakistan, Bangladesh,
India Pakistan conflicts, Relations with other
neighbours
Ch.4 International Organisations Why International Organisations, UN after the
cold war, Reform of Structures and Processes,
India and the permanent membership of the
Security Council, UN in a Unipolar World.
Ch.5 Security in the contemporary world What is Security, Traditional Notions: External
and Internal Security, Non Traditional Notions,
New Sources of Threats, India's Strategy
Ch.6 Environment and Natural Resources Environmental Concerns in global Politics,
Global Commons, Responsibilities, India's
Stand, Indigenous People and their rights.
Ch.7 Globalisation Concept, Causes, Political, Economic and
Cultural Consequences, Positive and Negatives,
Resistance.

Must do Topics for Class-XI! Political Sciencei928) Yr.2024-25

Book-2 Politics in India since Independence

Ch.1 Challenges of Nation I3uilding Three challenges of Nation building, Process
and Consequences of Partition, Integration of
Princely States, Jammu and Kashmir,
Hyderabad.
Ch.2 Era of one party dominance Congress dominance in first three general
elections, CPI, I3JS, Emergence of Opposition
Parties.
Ch.3 Politics of Planned Development Development, Planning Commission, Five year
Plans.
Ch.4 India's External Relations Policy of Non Alignment, Peace and Conflict
with China and Pakistan, India's Nuclear
Policy, Shifting alliances in world Politics.
Ch.5 Challenges to restoration of the Congress Challenges of Political Succession, Fourth
System general elections 1967, Split in the Congress,
1969 Presidential Election, 1971 Election and
Restoration of Congress.
Ch.6 The Crisis of Democratic Order Gujarat and Bihar Movements, Causes and
Consequences of Emergency, Lessons of the
Emergency, Loksabha Elections 1977.
Ch.7 Regional Aspirations Jammu and Kashmir, North East, Punjab
Ch.8 Recent development in Indian Politics Era of Coalition, Political rise of other
backward classes, Mandal Commission,
Emergence of new consequence,
Communalism, Secularism, Democracy.
• Must do topics of physical education class 12
• Fixtures
• Role of different committees
• Common postural deformities
• Special consideration (menarche and menstrual dysfunction)
• Female athlete triad (osteoporosis, amenorrhea, eating disorders)
• Importance of various asanas for preventive measures of obesity, diabetes,
asthma, hypertension, back pain.
• Advantages for Children with Special Need through Physical Activities
• Strategies physical activities accessible for children with special needs
• Eating for Weight control — A Healthy Weight, The Pitfalls of Dieting, Food
Intolerance and Food Myths
• Macro and Micro Nutrients: Food sources and functions
• BMI, BMR, Harvard step test
• Effect of exercise on Muscular System
• Effect of exercise on Cardio- Respiratory System
• Newton's Law of Motion & its application in sports.
• Types of Levers and their application in Sports.
• Friction and Sports
• Personality; its definition & types (Jung Classification & Big Five Theory)
• Psychological Attributes in Sports — Self Esteem, Mental Imagery, Self Talk,
Goal Setting
• Different types & methods to develop —strength, endurance, and speed in
sports training.
• Different types & methods to develop — flexibility and coordinative ability.
 MUST DO TOPICS FOR XII PHYSICS (042) SESSION 2024-25

S.N. CHAPTER 1 ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELD

1. Coulomb's Law.

2 Forces between multiple charges electric field due to system of charges

3 Electric field due to dipole along the axial and equatorial point.
4. Electric dipole in an external electric field experiences a torque. Stable and
unstable equilibrium
5. Electric flux and Gauss's theorem and its applications to obtain electric field due
to long straight charge conductor, thin infinite plane sheet of charge and
spherical shell.
CHAPTER-2: ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE

Electric Potential and Electric potential energy due to electric dipole and system
of point charges.
Equipotential surfaces, and its property.
Electric potential due to dipole at any point, axial point and equatorial point of
dipole.
Relation between electric field and potential.
Effect of dielectric on capacitors, expression for capacitance of capacitor with
dielectric.
Combinations of capacitors, problems based on series and parallel.
Energy stored in a capacitor qualitative and Problems based on Energy stored in
capacitors.
CHAPTER 3 CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Ohm's Law and its Limitations: ohmic and non ohmic material.
2. Temperature dependence of resistance and resistivity. Resistivity of different
materials, viz metals insulators and semiconductor.
3. Vector form of Ohms law.
4. Relation between emf, internal resistance and terminal potential. Characteristics
curve of a cell i.e graph between emf and resistance, terminal potential between
resistance, current and potential.
5, Combination of cells in series and parallel.
6. Kirchhoff's law and problems.
CHAPTER 4 MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETISM

Biot-savert's law and its application to find Magnetic field along the axis of a
circular current carrying loop and at the centre of circular current loop.
Lorentz magnetic force. (Force on charge particle in uniform magnetic field
F=qvBsine)
3. Motion of charge particle in a uniform magnetic field and its behaviour in
different notations. Radius of charge particle in circular motion.

1
 e/3 0
MUST DO TOPICS FOR XII PHYSICS (042) SESSION 2024-25

Ampere's circuital law and its application to derive an expression for magnetic
field due to thin and thick current conductor.
Force on current carrying conductor F = IBI sin O. Force between two parallel
current-carrying wires. F = -i p-LL1 and define one ampere

Torque on current-carrying loop in a magnetic field. And current carrying loop

behave as a dipole
Moving coil galvanometer principle, working, sensitivity and conversion to
ammeter and voltmeter.
CHAPTER-5: MAGNETISM AND MATTER

Magnetic field lines and its properties

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field.
Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic Substance with examples.

CHAPTER-6: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

Magnetic flux and SI unit
Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction apply to various situation

Len's law is the law of conservation of energy

Derivation of Motional EMF and its application to find emf of a metallic rod of
length I is rotated with a frequency f, with one end hinged at the centre and the
other end at the circumference of a circular metallic ring of radius r, about an
axis passing through the Centre and perpendicular to the plane of the ring.
Derivation of Self-inductance due to long straight solenoid and mutual-
inductance of two coaxial solenoid.
CHAPTER-7: ALTERNATING CURRENT

rms value of current and voltage no derivation.

Expression for current in RC, LR, and LCR Circuits and its phasor diagram.
Power across L, C, R and LCR circuit and Power factor.

Resonance and Sharpness.

Transformers and AC generator. Theory, Principle working.
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Displacement Current
EM waves and source.
Nature of EM waves/Spectrum and its uses and production.
CHAPTER--9: RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Image formation by spherical mirrors and spherical lenses(concave and convex)
Expression for apparent depth.

24.
 C/21
MUST DO TOPICS FOR XII PHYSICS (042) SESSION 2024-25

3. Total internal reflection and its application

4. Expression for mirror formula and lens formula for real and virtual image.

5. Lens maker formula

6. Refraction through a Prism. Obtain expression for angle of deviation and prism
formula.
Power and combination of lenses

8. Ray diagram for Simple microscope, compound microscope and telescope and
expression for magnification at least distance and far point
CHAPTER-10: WAVE OPTICS

1. Types and behaviour of wavefront.

2. Law of reflection and refraction on the basis of Huygen's wave theory
Coherent sources and sustained interference of light.

4. Interference of wave. Amplitude, intensity and fringe width qualitative treatment.

5 Diffraction of light. Fringe width of central maxima.

CHAPTER-11: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

Hertz and Lenard's observations.

2. Experimental study of photoelectric effect. Variation intensity of light with current,
Potential with current, frequency with stopping potential.
Einstein's photoelectric equation.
4. de-Broglie relation. For matter wave and electron.
CHAPTER-12: ATOMS
1. Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; distance of
closest approach, impact parameter, trajectory of scattered alpha-particle.
2. Postulates of Bohr model of hydrogen atom.
3 Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in nth
orbit,
Spectral series, Lymen, Balmer, Paschen, Bracket and pfund. Shortest and
longest wave length.

CHAPTER-13: NUCLEI

size of nucleus. R = R0 A1/.3

2. Nuclear density is independent of mass number.
3. Nuclear force and its property.
4. Mass defect and binding energy.
5. Variation of binding energy per nucleon Vs atomic number
6. Nuclear reaction, fission and fusion.

3/
 C/2i f
MUST DO TOPICS FOR XII PHYSICS (042) SESSION 2024-25

CHAPTER-14: SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS: MATERIALS, DEVICES

AND SIMPLE CIRCUITS
Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor.

Difference between n type and p-type semi-conductor.

Difference between metals, insulator and semi-conductor on the basis of band

theory.
p-n junction, drift and diffusion. Depletion layer, barrier potential.

I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias,

Half wave and full wave rectifier, diagram, working input and out -put wave form.

4
 C/2_7-
MUST TO DO (2024-25)
CLASS:12 SUBJECT: SOCIOLOGY (CODE-039 )

BOOK — 1 INDIAN SOCIETY

Chapter — 2 The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society

• Theories and Concepts in demography
• Rural — Urban Linkages and Divisions
• Population policy in India

Chapter - 3 Social Institutions: Continuity and Change

• Caste and the Caste System
• Tribal Communities
• Family and Kinship

Chapter — 5 Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

• Social Inequality and Social Exclusion
• Systems justifying and perpetuating Inequality — caste,Tribe , the other Backward
classes
• Adivasi Struggles
• The struggle for women's Equality and Rights
• The struggles of the Differently Abled

Chapter — 6 The Challenges of Cultural Diversity

• Cultural communities and the nation state
Regionalism in the Indian context
The Nation state and religion related Issues and identities
Communalism ,Secularism and the nation state
State and Civil Society

BOOK — 2 SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Chapter — 1 Structural Change

• Understanding Colonialism , Industrialization, Urbanization

Chapter-2 Cultural Change

• Social Reform Movements
• Different Kinds of Social Change: Sanskritisation, Westernization, Modernization,
Secularization
Chapter — 4 Change and Development in Rural Society
• Agrarian Structure : Caste and Class in Rural India
• Land Reforms, Green Revolution and Emerging Agrarian society
• Green revolution and its Social Consequences
• Transformation in Rural Society
• Circulation of labour
• Globalization, Liberalization and Rural society

Chapter — 5 Change and Development in Industrial Society

• From Planned Industrialization to Liberalization
• How people find Jobs
 c /2_‘
• Work Processes: How work is carried out, working conditions, home based work,
Strikes and
Unions
•
Chapter — 8 Social Movements
• Concept of Social Movements
• Theories and Classification of Social Movements
• Environmental Movements
• Class -Based Movements: Workers, Peasants
• Caste-Based Movements: Dalit Movement, Backward Class/Castes, Trends in I. pper
Caste
Responses
• Tribal Movements
Women's Movements in Independent India
•
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SUBJECT: ACCOUNTANCY

1. Fundamentals of partnership (Past adjustments and Guarantee)

2. Admission of a Partner (Capital Adjustment)
3. Retirement of a Partner (Capital adjustment)
4. Dissolution (Journal entries),
5. Issue of shares (forfeiture and reissue with pro rata)
6. Issue of Debentures (issue of debentures with term of
redernption)
7. Items to be shown in the balance sheet under different heads
and sub heads
8. Comparative and common size statements
9. Ratio Analysis (Short term and Long term solvency ratios)
10. Cash flow Statement (Operating, Investing and Financing
Activities)
• MUST DO TOPICS FOR CLASS-XI!

SUBJECT: BUSINESS STUDIES

1. Objectives and Levels of Management, Coordination

2. Fayol's and Taylor's Principles of Management
3. Dimensions of Business Environment
4. Types of Plans
5. Organizational Structure
6. Delegation and Decentralization
7. Recruitment and Selection
8. Leadership, Motivation and Communication.
9. Financial Decisions,
10. Money Market and Capital Market, SEBI,
11. Marketing Mix, Physical Distribution, Public Relation,
12. Rights and Responsibilities of Consumers and Redressal
machinery.
 c/2-1
Directorate of Education
Govt. of NCT of Delhi
• Class XI% I listory
Must Do Topics
Chapter 1. Bricks, Beads and Bones: The I larappan Civilisation
i. Agricultural technologies
ii. Urban planning and Drainage system
iii. Tracking Social Differences through burials and luxuries items
iv. Craft production and strategies for procuring raw materials
v. Contact with distant lands
vi. Seals, Script, palaces and kings
vii. End of the Civilisation
viii. Cunningham's confusion

Chapter 2. Kings, Farmers and Towns

i. The Earliest States and First amongst the sixteen: Magadha
ii. Sources and the administration of the Mauryan Empire
iii. Popular perceptions of kings
iv. Strategies for increasing production
v. Land grants
vi. Trade, Coins and kings
vii. Limitations of Inscriptional Evidence

Chapter 3. Kinship, Caste and Class

i. The Critical Edition of the Mahabharata
ii. The ideal of patriliny
iii. Rules of marriage and Gotra
iv. Chaturvarna and Duties of Chandals
v. Non-Kshatriya kings
vi. Access to property
vii. Authors, Language and content of Mahabharata

Chapter 4. Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings

i. Sanchi and Amravati Stupa: Preservation and structure
ii. Jainism an I3uddhism: Teachings
iii. Sculpture and Popular traditions
iv. The development of Mahayana Buddhism
v. The growth of Puranic I Iinduism

Chapter 5 Through the Eyes of Travellers

i. Al-I3iruni and the Kitab-ul-I hind, Overcoming barriers to understanding, Al-
Biruni's description of the caste system
ii. lbn Battuta: An early globe-trotter, A unique system of communication, Women
Slaves, Sati and Labourers
iii. Francois Bernier: The question of landownership

Chapter 6 13hakti-Sufi Traditions

i. Early Traditions of 13hakti, Attitudes towards caste, Women devotees
ii. The Virashaiva Tradition
iii. The Growth of Sufism: Khanqahs and silsilas, Sufis and the state
 iv. Kahir, Baba Guru Nanak

• Chapter 7 An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara

i. The apogee and decline of the empire
ii. The amara-nayaka system
iii. Water resources, Fortifications and roads
iv. The mahanavami dibba
v. Gopurams and mandapas

Chapter 8 Peasants, Zamindars and the State

i. An abundance of crops
ii. Panchayats and headmen, Jati Panchayat
iii. A little republic
iv. Women in Agrarian Society
v. The Zamindars
vi. Land Revenue System
vii. The Ain-i Akbari of Abu'!

Chapter 10 Colonialism and the Countryside

i. The Permanent Settlement
ii. Why zamindars defaulted on payments
iii. The rise of the jotedars
iv. The Fifth Rcpor
v. The Pahariyas versus The Santhals
vi. The cotton boom
vii. The Deccan Riots

Chapter 11 Rebels and the Raj

i. Lines of communication
ii. Rumours and prophecies
iii. Firangi raj and Awadh
iv. The vision of unity
v. The search for alternative power
vi. Images of the Revolt

Chapter 13 Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement

i. The Non-cooperation Movement
ii. The Salt Satyagraha
iii. The Quit India Movement
iv. Knowing Gandhi

Chapter 15 Framing the Constitution

i. A Tumultuous Time
ii. Opinions expressed by the public
iii. The dominant voices
iv. Objectives Resolution
v. The Powers of the State
vi. The Language of the Nation
 Must do topics of Geography class 12

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• CHEMISTRY

Unit: Solutions (7 marks)

• Expressions of concentration terms, mole fraction, molarity, molality

• I lenry's law and its applications
• Raoult's law and deviation from Raoult's law (with graphical representation and
examples), azeotropes
• Colligative properties (Elevation of boiling point, depression in freezing point), osmosis
and osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis
• Abnormal molar mass, van't I loll factor for association and dissociation

Unit: Electrochemistry (9 marks)

• Cell representation and Electrode reactions, Nernst equation (Numerical based on Nernst
equation and its application)
• Conductivity and Molar conductivity and their variation with concentration
• Molar conductivity of Strong and Weak electrolytes and their variation with concentration
(with graphical representation)
• Kohlrausch law of' independent migration of ions and numerical

Unit: Chemical Kinetics (7 marks)

• Rate law and rate constant, units of rate constant, Order of reaction and its calculation
using experimental data
• Rate constant fbr zero and first order reaction and their graphical representation
• I WI life of reaction for zero and first order reaction

Unit: The d- andFBlock Elements (7 marks)

• Electronic configuration, atomic and ionic sizes

• Trends of oxidation states, E° values, Catalytic properties of transition elements and their
compounds
• Magnetic properties, Formation of coloured ions and complexes
• Oxidation states in lanthanides, Lanthanoid contraction: cause and consequences

Unit: Coordination Compounds (7 marks)

• Types of ligands and examples, Chelate complexes and chelate effect

• IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds
• I lybridisation and geometry of complexes, magnetic behaviour
• Crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral field
• •
Unit: Ilaloalkanes and Haloarenes (6 marks)
Name reactions: Finkelstein reaction, Swarts reaction, Sandmeyer reaction, Wurtz
reaction, Fittig reaction. Wurtz-Fittig reaction
• SN1 and SN2 reaction: mechanism and reactivity order
• Saytzell elimination, Grignard reagent

Unit: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (6 marks)

• Name reactions: Esterification, Acetylation, Reimer-Tiemann Reaction, Kolbe's reaction,
Williamsons synthesis
• Mechanism: acid catalysed hydration, acid catalysed dehydration of alcohol to form alkene
and ether, Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol
• Acidity of phenols and effects of substituents on acidic strength

Unit: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (8 marks)

• Name Reactions: Roscnmund reactions, Gattermann-Koch reaction, Clemmensen

reduction, Wolf-Kishner reduction Aldol Condensation, Cross Aldol Condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction, I Zell-Volhard-Zelinsky (I IVZ) reaction
• Distinction Tests/Reactions: 2,4-DNP test, 'IbIlens' test, Fehling's test, lodoform test,
Nal IC03 test
• Nucleophilic addition reactions: General mechanism, addition of ammonia and its
derivatives
• Acidity of Carboxylic acids and effects of substituents on acidic strength

Unit: Amines (6 marks)

• Name Reactions: Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, I loffmann bromamide degradation,

Carbylaminc reaction
• Distinction Tests/Reactions: I I irisberg test, Azo dye test, Carbylamine test
• Electrophilic Substitution reactions: General mechanism and reactivity of ani inc.
deactivation with acyl group, inability to undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction
• Basicity of amines and effect of substitution on basic strength in aromatic amines,
comparison of basic strength in gaseous and aqueous medium

Unit: Biomolecules (8 marks)

• Carbohydrates: Classification of carbohydrates, reactions of D-Glucose, cyclic structure
of glucose, glycosidic bond, invert sugar
• Proteins: classification and properties, essential and non-essential amino acids, fibrous and
globular proteins, peptide linkage, primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structure of
proteins, denaturation or protein
• Nucleic acid: nucleosides and nucleotides, DNA & RNA bases, structural and functional
differences
• Vitamins: Sources and deficiency diseases

• Topics most frequently asked in exams, for higher scores go through whole syllabus in
details.
 / MUST 1)0 TOPICS

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