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Swami Viveka Nanda

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19 views1 page

Swami Viveka Nanda

Uploaded by

burhan mohammad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Swami Vivekananda:

• He believed in the superiority of Hinduism but also in Universalism.


• He set up the Ramakrishnan mission in name of his guru in 1897 to spread
ideas of Vedanta and social work.
• He argued that a Christian could be a better Christain if he followed the
Philosophy of Vedanta, therefore did not focus on conversion but on the values of
Vedanta.
• He argued for the idea of Daridra Narayan, that God Resides in everyone
including the poor and that service of Jeeva is the worship of Shiva, therefore
believed in social work as a path to spiritualism.
• Argued that Indian masculinity is superior to western masculinity as the
former focus not just on physical strength but also on mental spirituality.
• Therefore Indians are not feminine as argued by the British and Indian
masculinity is superior, he started a movement for setting up Akharas/gyms. [first
win the body then win mind]
• He believed in the supremacy of Vedas and accepted idolatry and some Hindu
rituals as they simply help develop religiosity, this led to his greater
acceptability in the masses.
• He represented Hinduism at the parliament of religions in Chicago, USA in
1893, therefore raising the prestige of Indian culture, and argued here that
western materialism and Indian spirituality should come together for the welfare of
mankind.[i.e., west can give tech/money India can give direction/spirituality][can
be related to environment/ spiritualism> in harmony with nature]
• Netaji Bose called him the spiritual father of INM in Bengal, therefore
represents cultural nationalism and pride without being communal.

Arya Samaj, 1875


• It was started by Swami Dayananda Saraswati a radical reform. [dies 1883]
• He believed in Vedas are infallible(supremacy of Vedas).
• Real scientific truths and rationality are there in the Vedas.
• Promoted Hinduism as a religion of books (book authority is final) like Islam
and Christianity.
• The goal was to go back to the pure Vedic past.
• Therefore Arya samaj was an aggressive response to British criticism and
racism.
• Strongly argued against caste system and untouchability and promoted
intercaste marriages.
• Supported varnashrama system for organizing society.
• He strongly opposed idolatry, priestcraft, infanticide, child marriage,
polytheism, and polygamy.
• He strongly supported widow remarriage and women's education.
• Failed because demanded radical reforms therefore did not get the support of
orthodox Hindus and gradualist reforms.
• Was successful in Punjab and the northwest provinces
• After 1883 Arya samaj became revivalist and now began the Shuddhi movement
for conversion to the Hindu movement
• In response, Sikhs started the Singh sabha movement and Muslims started
Tanzim and Tabligh movement.
• Arya samaj also began the Cow protection movement and there were communal
riots in 1893, therefore increase in communal tensions post-1883. [Rfer to social
reform hand out esp Vidya Sagar,MG Ranade]

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