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VTU question solutions

The document outlines step-by-step solutions for various electronics and circuit design questions from the VTU 3rd Sem ADE Exam 2018. Topics include photodiodes, astable multivibrators, relaxation oscillators, voltage regulators, logic circuits, and multiplexers, among others. Each question is broken down into construction, operation, and implementation details with relevant diagrams and formulas.

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Takreem Quadri
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7 views

VTU question solutions

The document outlines step-by-step solutions for various electronics and circuit design questions from the VTU 3rd Sem ADE Exam 2018. Topics include photodiodes, astable multivibrators, relaxation oscillators, voltage regulators, logic circuits, and multiplexers, among others. Each question is broken down into construction, operation, and implementation details with relevant diagrams and formulas.

Uploaded by

Takreem Quadri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VTU 3rd Sem ADE Exam 2018 Scheme - Step-by-Step Solutions

Question: 1a. Explain construction, working principle and V-I characteristics of


photodiode.

Solution:
Step 1: Explain the construction of a photodiode with a neat diagram.
Step 2: Describe the working principle based on light-generated electron-hole pairs.
Step 3: Provide V-I characteristics and explain behavior in forward/reverse bias.
Question: 1b. Explain the operation of Astable Multivibrator using IC-555.

Solution:
Step 1: Explain the circuit configuration with a 555 Timer IC.
Step 2: Provide formulas for ON/OFF time and frequency.
Step 3: Show waveforms for capacitor voltage and output signal.
Question: 2a. Discuss the working of Relaxation Oscillator.

Solution:
Step 1: Explain the circuit with an op-amp or transistor.
Step 2: Derive the equation for the total time period.
Step 3: Provide a timing diagram for waveform visualization.
Question: 2b. Define Load Regulation, Line Regulation, Voltage Stability
Factors.

Solution:
Step 1: Define Load Regulation with a mathematical formula.
Step 2: Define Line Regulation and how it impacts circuits.
Step 3: Explain Voltage Stability Factors in terms of regulator performance.
Question: 2c. Explain LM317 adjustable voltage regulator.

Solution:
Step 1: Provide the circuit diagram of LM317 with an explanation.
Step 2: Describe how resistance values set the output voltage.
Step 3: Give the formula: Vout = 1.25V (1 + R2/R1) + Iadj R2.
Question: 3a. Design a logic circuit for automobile alarm.

Solution:
Step 1: Define inputs (switch states) and desired output conditions.
Step 2: Construct a truth table for the problem statement.
Step 3: Use Karnaugh Map (K-map) to minimize the Boolean expression.
Step 4: Implement the circuit using basic logic gates.
Question: 3b. Find minimum sum-of-product using K-map.

Solution:
Step 1: Plot the given minterms and don't-care conditions on a K-map.
Step 2: Group adjacent ones to minimize the function.
Step 3: Derive the simplified Boolean expression.
Question: 4a. Solve using Quine-McCluskey Method.

Solution:
Step 1: List minterms and don't-care terms.
Step 2: Create a table for prime implicants.
Step 3: Use the Quine-McCluskey algorithm to simplify.
Question: 4b. Find minimum sum using Petricks Method.

Solution:
Step 1: Find all prime implicants.
Step 2: Construct a Petricks chart.
Step 3: Solve for minimum expression.
Question: 5a. Explain Static-I Hazard.

Solution:
Step 1: Define hazards and explain their occurrence.
Step 2: Show how Static-I Hazard occurs using a circuit example.
Step 3: Provide methods to eliminate the hazard using redundant logic.
Question: 5b. Implement a 3-to-1 and 8-to-1 multiplexer.

Solution:
Step 1: Show MUX implementation using logic gates.
Step 2: Explain how select lines control inputs.
Step 3: Provide circuit diagrams for 3-to-1 and 8-to-1 MUX.
Question: 6a. Identify Decoder, Encoder, and MUX properties.

Solution:
Step 1: Compare number of inputs and outputs.
Step 2: Define how binary encoding works in each case.
Step 3: Explain select line functionality in MUX.
Question: 6b. Realize a full adder using a decoder.

Solution:
Step 1: Use a 3-to-8 decoder for input combinations.
Step 2: Use OR/NOR gates to sum the required outputs.
Step 3: Implement the full adder circuit using the decoder outputs.
Question: 7a. Write a VHDL module for adders and subtractors.

Solution:
Step 1: Define entity and architecture for Half/Full Adder.
Step 2: Write VHDL code using structural/behavioral modeling.
Step 3: Simulate using testbench inputs.
Question: 8a. Explain the working of SR Latch.

Solution:
Step 1: Define SR latch operation with a truth table.
Step 2: Draw circuit diagram and show timing behavior.
Step 3: Explain the function of SET and RESET conditions.
Question: 9a. Explain n-bit parallel adder.

Solution:
Step 1: Explain ripple carry addition method.
Step 2: Show the logic diagram of a full adder cascade.
Step 3: Analyze carry propagation delay in parallel adders.
Question: 10a. Design a 3-bit synchronous counter.

Solution:
Step 1: Define state transitions for a 3-bit counter.
Step 2: Create the transition table and derive K-maps.
Step 3: Implement using T flip-flops and show timing diagram.
Question: 10b. Design a 3-bit counter for a custom sequence.

Solution:
Step 1: Define required sequence states.
Step 2: Implement state transitions using JK flip-flops.
Step 3: Draw logic circuit and verify behavior.

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