PLUMBING PIPES AND FITTINGS (WATER SUPPLY) SANITARY DRAINAGE VENTILATION SYSTEM: (SANDRAVENTS)

PIPE: Hollow cylinder of metal/ plastic used for the conveyance of water, steam, gas or other fluid material. Ventilation of a plumbing system:
Portion of drainage pipe installation, maintain a balance Atm. Pressure inside the system to prevent: DetReTraps
PIPE FITTING: Standard part, as an elbow, union, or tee, for connecting two or more pipes. 1. Trap seal loss
2. Retardation of flow
PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY 3. Deterioration of the materials.

GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE: ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE:

Made out from mild steel, drawn to a die and welded, cast into 6.00 meters long.
This type of pipe is easily corroded by alkaline and acid water.  Pressure exerted by earth's atmosphere: Height of a column of mercury. (HECOM)

PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE:  Surface of Earth ATMP. = 65.47 Newton at sea level.
New concept in the field of plumbing.
Introduced in the Philippines at the early part of 70's, this type of material developed in Germany in mid  Above Sea Lvl. (− P) = Lesser Total Vol. Air
year of 1935.  Below Sea Lvl. (+ P) = Greater Total Vol. Air

RIGID TYPE SYNTHETIC PIPE:  P < 1 ATMP. = − P | P > 1 ATMP. = + P

POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC):
A white, water-insoluble thermoplastic widely used in manufacture of floor coverings, insulation, and TRAP SEAL LOSS: Inadequate ventilation of trap & subsequent – P & + P inside the system.
piping.
FACTORS OF TRAP SEAL LOSS: (BECS)
POLYPROPYLENE (PP):
A tough, thermoplastic that is resistant to heat and chemicals and used for pipe fittings, electrical 1. SIPHONAGE: − P in drainage system.
installation, and carpeting fibers. 2. BACK PRESSURE: + P in drainage system.

FLEXIBLE TYPE SYNTHETIC PIPE 3. EVAPORATION:

POLYETHYLENE (PE): Element/ compound transitions from liquid to gaseous state below temperature (Boils)
A tough, light, and flexible thermoplastic used esp. in the form of sheeting and film for packaging, damp- Liquid water enters ATM. as water vapor.
proofing, and as a vapor retarder.
4. CAPILLARY ACTION:
POLYBUTYLENE (PB): Surface tension, greater adhesion of a liquid to a solid surface than internal cohesion of the liquid itself causes the
Polybutylene is a form of plastic resin that was used extensively in the manufacture of water supply piping liquid to be elevated against a vertical surface.
from 1978 until 1995. Due to the low cost of the material and ease of installation, polybutylene piping
systems were viewed as "the pipe of the future" and were used as a substitute for traditional copper piping.
STACK VENT: Extension of soil/ waste stack above highest horizontal drain connected to stack.
FITTINGS FOR WATER SUPPLY:
 Elbow: A pipe fitting having an angled, usually 90 deg. bend. VENT STACK: Vertical vent, provide circulation of air or from any part of drainage system.
 Tee: A T-shaped pipe fitting for making a three-way joint.
 Reducer: A coupling decreasing in diameter at one end. WET VENT: Oversized pipe functioning both soil/ waste pipe & a vent.
 Union: A coupling device for connecting two pipes neither of which can be turned,
consisting of two internally threaded end pieces which are tightened around the pipe ends to be FRESH AIR INLET: Vent pipe admitting fresh air into drainage system of a bldg., connected to bldg. drain or
joined, and an externally threaded center piece, which draws the two end pieces together as it is before bldg. trap.
rotated.
 Cap: An internally threaded fitting for enclosing the end of a pipe. CONTINUOUS VENT: Vertical vent, continuation of a drain line to which it connects.
 Plug: An externally threaded fitting for closing the end of a pipe
BACK VENT: Sewer side of a trap.

CIRCUIT VENT: Serving two or more traps & extending from in front of the last fixture connection of a
VENTILATION PIPING SYSTEM: horizontal branch to the vent stack.

VENT SYSTEM: LOOP VENT: Circuit vent that loops back & connects w/ stack vent
 System of pipes supplying a flow of air or from drainage system
 Protect trap seals from siphonage & back pressure. INDIVIDUAL VENT: Connecting a fixture drain to main or branch vent.

VENT: Pipe connecting a drain near one/ more traps to a vent stack/ stack vent.
BRANCH VENT: Connecting one or more individual vents w/ vent stack/ stack vent.

COMMON VENT: Single vent serving 2 fixture drains connected at same level.

RELIEF VENT:
Circulation of air between a drainage & venting system by connecting a vent stack to a horizontal drain between
the first fixture and the soil or waste stack.
CHAPTER 9: VENTS & VENTING VENT TERMINATION:

MATERIALS: 1. Each vent pipe or stack through roof (SVTR) shall extend its flashing all around and the stack vent shall terminate
vertically not less than 15 cm above the roof nor less than 0.3 meter from any vertical surface nearby.
VENT PIPES:
 Cast iron, ductile cast iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass, Schedule 40, 2. Each vent opening shall terminate not less than three (3) meters from, or at least 0.9 meter above any openable
ABS, DWV, Series 1000, PVC or other approved materials having smooth & uniform bore window, door opening, air intake or vent shaft, nor less than 0.9 meter away from any lot line, alley and street
boundary lines.
Except:
No galvanized wrought iron/ galvanized steel pipe shall be used underground & kept at least 15 cm. above 3. Vent pipes shall be extended separately or combined, of full required size not less than 15 cm above the roof or
ground. fire wall. Flag poling of vents is prohibited except where the roof is used for purposes other than weather
protection

HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL VENT LINES & VENT STACKS: (+GACOCA) 4. Vertical vent pipes for outdoor installations shall extend to at least 3 meter distant from any part of the roof that
is used or other purposes and shall extend not less than 2.1 meter above such roof and shall be securely stayed.
 Copper, cast iron, galvanized wrought iron or polyvinyl chloride pipes.
5. Joints at the roof around stack vent pipes shall be made watertight by the use of approved flashing material and
VENT FITTINGS: (6) – L,ABS,B,G,CO,CA,PVC installation.
 Cast iron, galvanized steel, lead, copper, brass, ABS, PVC.

Except: No galvanized steel fittings shall be buried underground but shall be kept at least 152 mm above FGL.

SIZE OF VENTS:

 Sizes of vent piping: Determined Length & total no. of fixture units

- Drainage piping of each building & each connection to a public sewer or private sewage disposal
system shall be vented by means of one or more vent pipes.

- Aggregate cross-sectional area of which shall not be less than that of the largest required building
sewer.

 Length of horizontal portion of a vent may exceed 1/3 of total length of vertical & horizontal
portions provided the vent is increased to one pipe size larger for its entire length.

VENT PIPE GRADES & CONNECTIONS:

1. All horizontal vent and branch vent pipes shall be free from drops or sags and each such vent shall
be graded and connected to drip back by gravity to the drainage pipe it serves.

2. Where vents connect to a horizontal drainage pipe, such vent pipe connection shall have its invert
taken off above the drainage centerline of such pipe downstream of the trap being served.

3. Unless prohibited by structural conditions, each vent shall rise vertically to a point not less than 152
mm above the highest flood level rim of the fixtures served before offsetting horizontally to join the vent
stack or stack vent and the bottom connection shall be installed with approved drainage fittings and installed
with proper grade to the horizontal drain.

4. All vent pipes shall extend undiminished in size above the roof or shall be reconnected with the soil
or waste stack vent of proper size at a point below the roof, the vent through the roof (VSTR) shall be
increased one (1) pipe size above the reconnection point of stack vent and horizontal vent.

5. The vent pipe opening from a soil or waste pipe, except for water closets and similar fixtures, shall not be
below the weir of the trap.

6. Two (2) fixtures may be served by a common vertical vent pipe when each such fixture wastes
separately into an approved double branch fitting having inlet openings at the same level.
 CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE FLOW
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
Changes in direction of drainage piping:
BUILDING SEWER: A drain connecting a bldg. drain to a public sewer or private treatment facility. Angles presented: 22 l/2° bend, 45° bend, 60° bend or other approved fittings of longer sweeps.

BUILDING DRAIN: Lowest part of a drainage system that receives the discharge from soil and waste stacks Horizontal drainage lines connecting to vertical stack: 45° or 60° wye branches, wye & 1/8 bend branches,
inside the walls of a building and conveys it by gravity to the building sewer. sanitary tee

STACK: Vertical waste pipe or vent pipe serving a number of floors No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be used unless such fitting is constructed so that the
discharge from one inlet cannot readily enter into the other inlet.
SOIL STACK:
 A vertical soil pipe. Vertical installation of double sanitary tees: Barrel of the fitting is at least two (2) pipe sizes larger than the
 Soil pipe or “soil vent pipe”: Carry water and solids into the sewer. largest side inlet.
 1st: Dimension to allow solid waste to pass.
 2nd: Vented in a very specific way to maintain a safe environment & reduce odors. Nominal pipe sizes: 51, 63, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127 & 152 mm. diameters.

 Soil Pipes are Vented high at the top or near to the top of a building
 Soil pipe stacks allow gases produced by waste to vent safely into the atmosphere.  Horizontal drainage lines connecting to other horizontal drainage Lines : 45° wye branches, wye & 1/8 bend

WASTE STACK:
 A vertical waste pipe. Vertical drainage lines connecting to horizontal drainage line: 45° branches.
 Waste pipe, smaller diameter pipe that carries waste water
 Only designed to carry water. True vertical position: 60° branches.

BRANCH: Drain connecting one or more fixtures to a soil or waste stack.

PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
VENT: Pipe connecting a drain near on or more traps to a vent stack or stack vent.
Bottom of all pipe trenches deeper than the footing of any adjacent building or structure and parallel to it must be
TRAP: U or S-shaped section of drainpipe in which liquid remains and forms a seal for preventing the passage at least forty-five ( 45) degrees therefrom, unless permission is granted by the Administrative Authority.
of sewer gas without affecting the normal flow of waste water or sewage through it.
Installed under or within 0.6 meter of any building or structure, nor less than 0 3 meter below the finish ground
CLEANOUT: A pipe fitting with a removable plug giving access to a soil or waste pipe for inspection or surface.
cleaning.

FIXTURE UNIT: probable demand for water by a plumbing fixture, or the probable discharge of liquid waste CHAPTER 7: EXCRETA DRAINAGE SYSTEM
from the fixture, equivalent to 7 1/2 gallons or 1 cubic foot per minute.
MATERIALS:
 1 – Floor Drain
 1 – Lavatory or Wash Basin Excreta Drainage Pipings:cast iron, ductile iron, galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, lead, copper, brass,
 1.5 – Residentail Sink Series 1000 PVC DWV, extra-strength vitrified clay pipe
 2 – Bathtub
 2 – Kitchen Sink FIXTURE CONNECTIONS (EXCRETA DRAINAGE):
 2 – Laundry Tub
 2 – Shower Bath Double fitting, such as double sanitary tee or double wye and 1/8 bend having inlet openings at the same level.
 2 – Sink (Hotel/ Public)
 3 – Slop Sink CLEANOUTS
 5 – Urinal
 6 – Watercloset Horizontal drainage pipe cleanout: more than 15 meters in total developed length

PLUMBING CODE PROVISIONS (CHAPTER 3 & 7): Cleanouts may be omitted on a horizontal drain line: less than 1.5 meter
Cleanouts may be omitted on short horizontal drainage pipe: 72 degrees or 1/5 bend
DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER
Additional cleanout: (135) degrees.
Approved Excreta and Storm Drainage Systems installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of
this Code. Cleanout extension: (90) degrees

GRADE OF HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPING cleanout in piping 51 mm or less in size & clearance of not less than 305 mm in front of the cleanout.

Horizontal drainage pipes: not less than 20 mm/m or 2% toward the point of disposal Cleanouts in piping larger than 51 mrn shall have a clearance of not less than 0.45 m in front of the cleanout.
Impracticable to obtain a 2% slope due to the following constraints in: Cleanouts in underfloor piping extended outside: less than 0.45 meter vertical & 0.75 meter horizontal
(1) excessive depth of the proposed drainage line, No underfloor cleanout in any residential occupancy shall be located more than 6.1 meters from an access door
(2) structural and/or geological features of the terrain
(3) existing adverse in arrangements of building or structure, any such pipe or piping 102 mm or larger in
diameter may have a slope of l 0 mm/m or 1% provided it is first approved by the Administrative Authority.
GRADE OF HORIZONTAL EXCRETA DRAINAGE PIPING
1. Horizontal drainage piping: not less than 2% or 20 mm/m towards the point of disposal,

Adverse Structural Features: slope of 2 % or 102 mm or larger in diameter not less than 1% or 10 mm

DRAINAGE OF FIXTURES LOCATED BELOW THE UPSTREAM MANHOLE OR BELOW THE

MAIN SEWER LEVEL

Minimum Size Of Any Pump Discharge: not be less than 50.8 mm diameter.

(2) fixture units shall be allowed tor each 0 .061 L/s of flow or each GPM flow.

Air tanks: maintained an air pressure of not less than 3 kg

SUDS RELIEF:

Fixture outlets shall not be connected to the horizontal excreta drainage piping system within 2.4 meter of any
vertical to horizontal change of direction of a stack containing suds-producing fixtures.