Scribd
Upload
41 views20 pages

Lec 9

The document discusses amplifiers, specifically focusing on the common-emitter (CE) amplifier, its components, and their functions. It explains the role of various capacitors in the circuit, such as input coupling, bypass, and output coupling capacitors, and outlines the characteristics and advantages of CE amplifiers. Additionally, it provides methods for calculating input and output resistance, current gain, and power gain in amplifier networks.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Badawi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views20 pages

Lec 9

The document discusses amplifiers, specifically focusing on the common-emitter (CE) amplifier, its components, and their functions. It explains the role of various capacitors in the circuit, such as input coupling, bypass, and output coupling capacitors, and outlines the characteristics and advantages of CE amplifiers. Additionally, it provides methods for calculating input and output resistance, current gain, and power gain in amplifier networks.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Badawi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

Electronic 1

Prof. Mohamed Hashem Almourish


AMPLIFIERS
The circuit which amplifies a small input signal is called as an “amplifier”.

An amplifier is required to amplify weak signals and it is used in radio, TV,

telephones, mobile phones, music system etc.

• As based on its biasing conditions


• As based on transistor configuration
(a) common-base (CB) amplifier (b) common-emitter (CE) amplifier
(c) common-collector (CC) amplifier
2
AMPLIFIERS

+Vdc
IO
RS Ii
Amplifier R Vo
VS Vi (Voltage gain AV) L

Ri Ro
COMMON EMITTER (CE) AMPLIFIER
Input : input is applied between base and emitter in  (Ib)
Output: output is taken from the collector and emitter out  (Ic)

4
COMMON EMITTER (CE) AMPLIFIER
• Fig. shows the a single stage RC coupled CE amplifier.
• Circuit Components and their Functions:
1. Resistors:
 Resistors R1, R2 and RE are used to bias the transistor in active region by using
voltage divider bias circuit.
 RC is collector resistor used to control collector current.
2. Input coupling capacitor C1:
 The input coupling capacitor C1 is used to couple the ac input voltage VS to the
base of the transistor.
 As capacitor block dc, C1 couples only the ac component of the input signal.
 This capacitor also ensures that the dc biasing conditions of transistor remain
unchanged even after applications of the input signal.
3. Bypass capacitor CE:
As CE is connected in parallel with RE is called emitter bypass capacitor
CE.
This capacitor offer a low reactance to the amplified ac signal,
therefore RE gets bypassed through CE for only the ac signals.
This will increase the voltage gain of the amplifier.
4. Output coupling capacitor C2:
This capacitor couples the amplifier output to the load or to the next
stage amplifier.
It is used for blocking the dc part and passing only the ac part of the
amplified signal to the load.
R out = Rc = 1 kΩ
The AC Equivalent Circuit

In summary, therefore, the ac equivalent of a network is obtained by:


1. Setting all dc sources to zero and replacing them by a short-circuit
equivalent
2. Replacing all capacitors by a short-circuit equivalent
3. Removing all elements bypassed by the short-circuit equivalents
introduced by steps 1 and 2
1) Input resistance

2) Output resistance
OR

3)

4) Current Gain Ai = Ic / Ib = 5) Power Gain Ap = Av * Ai


For the network of Fig. 1:
(a) Determine re.
(b) Find Zin OR (Rin)
(c) Calculate Zout OR (Rout).
(d) Determine Av .
(e) Find Ai

Fig. 1
For the network of Fig. 2:
(a) Determine re.
(b) Find Zin OR (Rin)
(c) Calculate Zout OR (Rout).
(d) Determine Av .
(e) Find Ai

Fig. 2
90
COMMON EMITTER (CE) AMPLIFIER
• Characteristics of a CE Amplifier
• It has moderately low input resistance (1 K to 2 K),
• Its output resistance is moderately large (50 K or above),
• Its current gain (β) is high (50–300),
• It has very high voltage gain of the order of 1500 or above,
• It produces very high power gain of the order of 10,000 times or 40
dB,
• It produces phase reversal of input signal i.e. input and output
signals are 180° out of phase with each other.
• Uses : Most of the transistor amplifiers are of CE type because of
large gains in voltage, current and power.
19
What is a Bypass Capacitor?
1- The bypass capacitor is a capacitor that shorts AC signals to the ground in a way that any AC noise that presents on
a DC signal is removed producing a much cleaner and pure DC signal. A bypass capacitor basically bypasses AC
noise that may be on a DC signal, filtering out of AC so that a clean, pure DC signal goes through without several AC
ripples.
2- When an emitter resistance is added in a CE (Common Emitter) amplifier, its voltage gain is reduced, but the input
impedance increases. Whenever bypass capacitor is connected in parallel with an emitter resistance, the voltage gain
of CE amplifier increases. If the bypass capacitor is removed, an extreme degeneration is produced in the amplifier
circuit and the voltage gained will be reduced.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy