Learning Area Grade Level

W3
General Physics 2 Grade 12
Quarter Fourth Quarter Date
I. LESSON TITLE Electricity and Magnetism
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING 1. Describe the direction of the induced electric field, magnetic field, and
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) current on a conducting/non-conducting loop using Lenz’s Law
2. Compare and contrast alternating current (AC) and direct
current (DC)
3. Characterize the properties (stored energy and time dependence
of charges, currents, and voltages) of an LC circuit
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT Lenz Law
Alternating and Direct Current

IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

I. Introduction (Time Frame: 20 minutes)

In your previous lesson, you had learned about Faraday’s law of induction: the means of calculating the emf in a coil due to
changing magnetic flux, given by emf=−NΔΦ/Δt
Lenz’s law is the minus sign in Faraday’s law, signifying that the emf induced in a coil opposes the change in magnetic flux

Lenz’s Law

Lenz’s law states that the direction of the current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic
field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing
magnetic field which produced it.

Lenz’s Law is named after the German scientist H. F. E. Lenz in 1834. Lenz’s law obeys Newton’s third
law of motion (i.e to every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction) and the Law of
Conservation of Energy (i.e energy is neither created nor destroyed and therefore the sum of all the
energies in the system is constant).

D. Development (Time Frame: 80 minutes)

To better understand Lenz’s law, let us consider two cases:

Case 1: When a magnet is moving towards the coil

When the north pole of the magnet is

approaching towards the coil, the magnetic flux
linking to the coil increases. According to Faraday’s
law of electromagnetic induction, when there is a
change in flux, an EMF, and hence current is induced
in the coil and this current will create its own magnetic
field.

Now according to Lenz’s law, this magnetic field created will oppose its own or we can say opposes the increase in flux
through the coil and this is possible only if approaching coil side attains north polarity, as we know similar poles repel each
other. Once we know the magnetic polarity of the coil side, we can easily determine the direction of the induced current by
applying the right hand rule. In this case, the current flows in the anticlockwise direction.

Case 2: When a magnet is moving away from the coil

When the north pole of the magnet is moving

away from the coil, the magnetic flux linking to the
coil decreases. According to Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction, an EMF and hence
current is induced in the coil and this current will
create its own magnetic field.

Now according to Lenz’s law, this magnetic field created will oppose its own or we can say opposes the decrease in flux
through the coil and this is possible only if approaching coil side attains south polarity, as we know dissimilar poles attract each
other. Once we know the magnetic polarity of the coil side, we can easily determine the direction of the induced current by
applying the right hand rule. In this case, the current flows in a clockwise direction.

Lenz’s law can be used to understand the concept of stored magnetic energy in an inductor. When a source of emf is
connected across an inductor, a current starts flowing through it. The back emf will oppose this increase in current through the
inductor. In order to establish the flow of current, the external source of emf has to do some work to overcome this opposition.
This work can be done if the emf is stored in the inductor and it can be recovered after removing the external source of emf
from the circuit.

This law indicates that the induced emf and the change in flux have opposite signs which provide a physical interpretation
of the choice of sign in Faraday’s law of induction.

Lenz’s law is also applied to electric generators. When a current is induced in a generator, the direction of this induced
current is such that it opposes and causes rotation of generator (as in accordance with Lenz’s law) and hence the generator
requires more mechanical energy. It also provides back emf in the case of electric motors.
Lenz’s law is also used in electromagnetic braking and induction cooktops.

ALTERNATING CURRENT
The current which changes its directions periodically, such type of current is called alternating current. Their magnitude
and polarity also change along with the time. In such types of current, the free electrons (electric charge) move in the forward
as well as in the backwards direction.

The frequency (number of cycles completed in one second) of the

alternating current is 50 to 60 Hz depending on the country. The alternating
current is easily converted from the high value to low value and vice versa with
the help of the transformer. Thus, it is mainly used for transmission and distribution.

DIRECT CURRENT

When the electric charge inside the conductor flows in one direction, then such type
of current is called direct current. The magnitude of the direct current always remains
constant and the frequency of the current is zero. It is used in cell phones, electric
vehicles, welding, electronic equipment, etc.

The graphical representation of the alternating current is shown in the figure

below.
E. Engagement (Time Frame: 60 minutes)
Learning Task 1. Compare and contrast Direct Current and Alternating Current. Use the following Venn Diagram to write your
answer.

Direct Current Alternating Current

Learning Task 2. Analyze and explain the following questions.

1. Why cannot AC be stored in batteries instead of DC?
2. Why is the use of AC voltage preferred over DC voltage?
3. Why does polarity change in AC?
4. A person who works with large magnets sometimes places her head inside a strong field. She reports feeling dizzy as
she quickly turns her head. How might this be associated with induction?
5. A particle accelerator sends high-velocity charged particles down an evacuated pipe. Explain how a coil of wire
wrapped around the pipe could detect the passage of individual particles. Sketch a graph of the voltage output of
the coil as a single particle passes through it.

A. Assimilation (Time Frame: 50 minutes)

Home and office outlets are almost always AC. This is because generating and transporting AC across long distances is
relatively easy. At high voltages (over 110kV), less energy is lost in electrical power transmission. Higher voltages mean lower
currents, and lower currents mean less heat generated in the power line due to resistance. AC can be converted to and from
high voltages easily using transformers.

AC is also capable of powering electric motors. Motors and generators are the exact same device, but motors convert
electrical energy into mechanical energy (if the shaft on a motor is spun, a voltage is generated at the terminals!). This is useful
for many large appliances like dishwashers, refrigerators, and so on, which run on AC.

MAKING CONNECTIONS: TAKE-HOME EXPERIMENT—AC/DC LIGHTS

Wave your hand back and forth between your face and a fluorescent light bulb. Do you observe the same thing with the
headlights on your car? Explain what you observe. Warning: Do not look directly at very bright light.

V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: 20 minutes)

Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer based on what you have learned in this lesson.
1. According to Lenz’s law the direction of an induced current in a conductor will be that which tends to produce which
of the following effects?
a. produce a greater heating effect
b. oppose the effect which produces it
c. produce the greatest voltage
d. enhance the effect which produces it
2. What is the direction of the induced magnetic field?
a. Left b. Up c. Right d. down
3. Current that reverses direction in a regular pattern is called ____.
A. direct current b. magnetic current c. circuit current d. alternating current
4. Which of these is an acceptable description of AC (alternating current) to give in an exam?
a. Current that alternates c. Current that flows in two directions
b. Current that changes direction periodically d. Current that flows in both directions
5. A DC (direct current) supply is one in which...
a. the current flows in one direction only.
b. the current takes the shortest path to the components.
 c. the current flows directly to the components in the circuit.
d. the UK mains supply consists of.

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: 10minutes)

● Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
 - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
✓ - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES Cutnell, J.D., Johnson K.W. 2007. Physics 7 Edition, C&E Publishing, pp. 694-695
th

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/20-5-alternating-current-versus-
direct-current/
https://circuitglobe.com/difference-between-alternating-current-ac-and-direct-
current-dc.html

Prepared by: GINA L. MARBIDA Checked by: JOCELYN B. REYES

HANNAH KRYSTAL S. ROSALES