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Electro Magnetic Induction Updated

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28 views32 pages

Electro Magnetic Induction Updated

Uploaded by

merinfrancis
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Electro Magnetic Induction

Dr Kapil Garg
Dept. Of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy
MGM Institute Of Physiotherapy
Chh. Sambhajinagar
Introduction
• Electromagnetic or magnetic induction is the production of
an electromotive force (emf) across an electrical
conductor in a changing magnetic field.

• Electromagnetic induction has found many applications,


including electrical components such as inductors and
transformers, and devices such as electric motors and
generators.
• Electromagnetic Induction is the process of using
magnetic fields to produce voltage, and in a complete
circuit, a current.

• Michael Faraday first discovered it, using some of the


works of Hans Christian Oersted. His work started at first
using different combinations of wires and magnetic
strengths and currents, but it wasn't until he tried moving
the wires that he got any success
Electromagnetic Induction
• Almost 200 years ago,
Faraday looked for
evidence that a magnetic
field would induce an
electric current with this
apparatus
• He found no evidence
when the magnet was
steady, but did see a
current induced when the
magnet moves up and
down .
Magnetic Flux:
• Magnetic flux is the quantity of magnetic field that
penetrates an area at right angles to it.

• Flux is a general term associated with a field that is bound


by a certain area

• So Magnetic Flux is any area that has a Magnetic Field


passing through it.
• We generally define an area vector as one that is
perpendicular to the surface of the material.

• Therefore, you can see in the figure that the area vector
and the Magnetic Field vector are parallel.

• This produces a dot product between the 2 variables that


then define flux.
Electro magnetic field
Electromagnetic Induction Faraday’s Law
• Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, also known
as Faraday’s law, is the basic law of electromagnetism
which helps us predict how a magnetic field would interact
with an electric circuit to produce an electromotive force
(EMF). This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic
induction.
• Michael Faraday proposed the laws of electromagnetic
induction in the year 1831. Faraday’s law or the law of
electromagnetic induction is the observation or results of
the experiments conducted by Faraday. He performed
three main experiments (LAWS) to discover the
phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.
• 1. Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction
• Faraday’s First Law of Electromagnetic Induction
• Faraday’s Second Law of Electromagnetic Induction

• Lenz’s Law

• Faraday’s Law Derivation


Faraday’s First Law of Electromagnetic Induction

• The first law describes the induction of emf in a conductor

• Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic


field, an electromotive force is induced. If the conductor
circuit is closed, a current is induced, which is called
induced current
Ways to change the magnetic field
intensity in a closed loop

• By rotating the coil relative to the


magnet.
• By moving the coil into or out of
the magnetic field.
• By changing the area of a coil
placed in the magnetic field.
• By moving a magnet towards or
away from the coil.
Faraday’s Second Law of Electromagnetic Induction
• The induced emf in a coil
is equal to the rate of
change of flux linkage

• The flux linkage is the


product of the number of
turns in the coil and the
flux associated with the
coil. The formula of
Faraday’s law is given
below
Lenz’s Law

• The direction of the emf and thus the current is given by


Lenz’s law.
• Use this to find the direction of the current.
• If you are looking down on the loop from above, is the
current flowing clockwise or counter clockwise?
• It is the most convenient method to determine the
direction of the induced current.
• The induced electromotive force with different polarities
induces a current whose magnetic field opposes the
change in magnetic flux through the loop in order to
ensure that the original flux is maintained through the loop
when current flows in it

• Lenz’s Law is part of Faraday’s Law and can help you


determine the direction of the current provided you know
HOW the flux is changing
Application
• Eddy current balances
• Metal detectors
• Eddy current dynamometers
• Braking systems on train
• AC generators
• Card readers
• Microphones
Electromagnetic Induction Useful Applications
• AC Generators use Faraday’s law to produce rotation
and thus convert electrical and magnetic energy into
rotational kinetic energy.

• This idea can be used to run all kinds of motors. Since the
current in the coil is AC, it is turning on and off thus
creating a CHANGING magnetic field of its own. Its own
magnetic field interferes with the shown magnetic field to
produce rotation.
Faraday’s Law Derivation
• the magnitude of the induced emf in the conductor is
equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux linked to the
conductor

• electromagnetic induction, the EMF induced in the


conductor is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage
Eddy Current

• Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced

within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the


conductor according to Faraday’s law of induction. Eddy
currents flow in closed loops within conductors, in planes
perpendicular to the magnetic field.
• Induced electromotive force is produced in the coil when
there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with that coil.
Eddy currents are named so because the current looks
like eddies or whirlpools. When a conductor is placed in
the changing magnetic field, the induced current in the
conductor is termed as Eddy current
Dynamo
• A dynamo is an electrical generator that utilizes a
commutator to generate direct current.
• Dynamo is a device that converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy.
• Dynamos were the first electrical generators utilized just
to supply power to industry, as well as they served as the
platform for several subsequent electric-power conversion
types of equipment, such as the alternating-current (AC)
alternator, electric motor, as well as a rotary converter.
Working of Dynamo:

• The image below shows a basic dynamo with such a coil


constructed of conducting wires that are positioned
between the North pole and South pole of two permanent
magnets.
• Whenever the coil is to be motionless, no voltage is
produced. The magnetic field changes as the coil spins,
causing a voltage to be generated within the coil.
• The left side of the coil travels from the North pole of such
a left magnet during the first half of the revolution. The coil
travels from the South pole of the right magnet throughout
the second part of the revolution.
• There are two conceivable polarities throughout these
rounds:
• Positive
• Negative
• An alternating voltage is a difference between their
polarities.
Inductive resistance
• Inductive reactance, generally reactance, is the
resistance of an inductive circuit.
• It is termed reactance since it fluctuates slightly from the
resistance provided through any equipment or gadget. It
is denoted by “
• ”.
• The SI unit of inductive resistance is Ohm

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