While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Tecozautla is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.

· Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing many public
services to their residents.
· One service they provide is street lighting.
· Tecozautla covers an area of roughly 535 km2.
· Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities.

The student wants to emphasize the size of Tecozautla. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Tecozautla is one of 84 governmental regions, known as municipalities,

across Hidalgo.

B. Tecozautla-a governmental region in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico-

provides many public services to its residents.

C. The municipality of Tecozautla in Hidalgo, Mexico, covers an area of

roughly 535 km2.

D. Providing street lighting is just one example of the public services that
municipalities provide.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· The Future of Nostalgia is a scholarly book by literary theorist Svetlana Boym.
· The book provides a multifaceted exploration of the concept of nostalgia.
· Chapter 8 explores nostalgia and Europe's largest shopping mall.
· Chapter 14 discusses themes of nostalgia in Joseph Brodsky's writing.
. In chapter 14, Boym writes, "Brodsky's nostalgia is not only for the poetic
tradition, but also for the ways of reading and inhabiting culture."

The student wants to provide a quotation from chapter 14. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. In a description of themes of nostalgia in Joseph Brodsky's writing, Svetlana

Boym writes, "Brodsky's nostalgia is not only for the poetic tradition, but
also for the ways of reading and inhabiting culture."

B. Svetlana Boym explores nostalgia and Europe's largest shopping mall in

chapter 8 of her book.

C. Svetlana Boym's The Future of Nostalgia provides a multifaceted exploration

of nostalgia.

D. After exploring nostalgia and Europe's largest shopping mall, Svetlana

Boym goes on to discuss themes of nostalgia in Joseph Brodsky's writing.

· Jean-Michel Basquiat was an American artist who produced more than two
thousand drawings and paintings.
. His work Three Delegates was completed in 1982 and sold at auction in 2017.
· Three Delegates is composed of acrylic, oil stick, and paper collage on canvas
and measures 3,600 square inches in area.
. His work Flash in Naples was completed in 1983 and sold at auction in 2015.
· Flash in Naples is composed of acrylic, oil stick, and oil on canvas and measures
3,992 square inches in area.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to emphasize
how the two works are similar?

A. Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat completed Three Delegates in 1982, and Flash in

Naples followed in 1983.

B. Composed by artist Jean-Michel Basquiat in 1982 and 1983, respectively,

both Three Delegates and Flash in Naples use acrylic paint as a medium.

C. Between artist Jean-Michel Basquiat's works Flash in Naples and Three

Delegates, the former is the larger of the two.

D. Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat's work Three Delegates is composed of acrylic,

oil stick, and paper collage, while Flash in Naples is composed of acrylic, oil
stick, and oil.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Onomatopoeias are words that imitate the sounds they represent.
· Words that represent the same sound are often written and pronounced very
differently from language to language.
· This variation is due in part to differences in how the languages are structured.
· "Khrok fi" is a Thai onomatopoeia that represents the sound of snoring.
· "Krooh pyyh" is a Finnish onomatopoeia that represents the sound of snoring.

The student wants to contrast two words that represent the same sound. Which choice
most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Onomatopoeias, words that imitate the sounds they represent, are often
written and pronounced very differently from language to language.

B. The Thai word "khrok fi" and the Finnish word "krooh pyyh" are
onomatopoeias that represent the sound of snoring.

C. Though they both represent the sound of snoring, the onomatopoeias

"khrok fi" (Thai) and "krooh pyyh" (Finnish) are written and pronounced
very differently.

D. The Thai word "khrok fi," which represents the sound of snoring, is an
onomatopoeia.

· Alexei Y. Smirnov is a Russian particle physicist.

· Particle physicists study subatomic particles.
· Neutrinos are some of the least understood subatomic
particles.
· Smirnov is known for his research on neutrino oscillations.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given

sentences to specify what type of neutrino research Smirnov is
known for?

A. In the ongoing pursuit to better understand these

subatomic particles, particle physicist Alexei Y. Smirnov is
known for his research on neutrino oscillations.

B. Neutrinos are a type of subatomic particle that particle

physicists are still trying to understand.

C. One scientist who has worked to advance our

understanding of neutrinos is the Russian particle
physicist Alexei Y. Smirnov.

D. Alexei Y. Smirnov, whose research involves particle

physics, is from Russia.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· The Nicolaus Copernicus Museum is in Frombork, Poland.
· It is home to a Foucault pendulum.
· The University of Oslo is in Oslo, Norway.
· It is home to a Foucault pendulum.
· A Foucault pendulum dangles from a fixed point that ensures
the swing path of the pendulum doesn't change.
· To an observer, the swing path of a Foucault pendulum
appears to change over time because Earth rotates beneath it.

The student wants to emphasize a similarity between the two

locations. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. The Nicolaus Copernicus Museum in Frombork, Poland,

and the University of Oslo in Oslo, Norway, both house
Foucault pendulums.

B. Because Earth rotates beneath it, the swing path of the

Foucault pendulum at the Nicolaus Copernicus Museum
appears to change over time.

C. The Nicolaus Copernicus Museum, which is home to a

Foucault pendulum, is in Poland, not Norway.

D. One Foucault pendulum is in Poland, and the other is in

Norway.

· The Music by Black Composers (MBC) project aims to inspire

aspiring music students by archiving and sharing information
about the music of Black classical composers.
· Robert Owens is a Black classical music composer included in
MBC's Historic Composers Directory.
. He was born in 1925 and died in 2017.
Which choice most effectively uses information from the given
sentences to set up a discussion of Owens's career for an audience
already familiar with the MBC project?

A. The MBC project's Historic Composers Directory

highlights Black classical composers of the past, such as
Robert Owens (1925-2017), in order to inspire music
students to become the classical composers of the future.

B. While Robert Owens is considered a great composer, there

are many more such composers included in the MBC
Historic Composers Directory.

C. Among the many talented figures included in the MBC

project is classical music composer Robert Owens.

D. Born in 1925, Robert Owens passed away in 2017,

according to the MBC project.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Ibn Sina was a Persian philosopher and physician.
· His book The Canon of Medicine recorded the most advanced medical
knowledge of his time.
· It was published in the year 1025 CE.
· It was used as a medical textbook in Middle Eastern and European universities
for centuries.

The student wants to identify the year that The Canon of Medicine was published.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal?

A. Ibn Sina's book The Canon of Medicine was published in the year 1025 CE.

B. Ibn Sina recorded the most advanced medical knowledge of his time in his
book The Canon of Medicine.

C. The Canon of Medicine was a medical textbook used by Middle Eastern and
European universities for centuries.

D. A Persian philosopher and physician wrote a medical textbook called The

Canon of Medicine.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. There are more than 500 National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) across the United
States.
· The Crocodile Lake NWR is a 6,686-acre area in Florida, on the Atlantic coast.
· It was established to protect the endangered American crocodile.
. The Hopper Mountain NWR is a 2,471-acre area in California, on the Pacific
coast.
· It was established to protect the endangered California condor.

The student wants to provide an overview of the NWR program. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. California's Hopper Mountain NWR was established to protect the

endangered California condor.

B. The US's more than 500 NWRs protect endangered species from coast to
coast.

C. One of more than 500 NWRs in the US, the Crocodile Lake NWR
encompasses 6,686 acres in Florida.

D. Both the Crocodile Lake NWR and the Hopper Mountain NWR were
established to protect endangered species.

. Thomas Edison is regarded as one of the most important inventors in

US history.
. Having received little formal schooling, Edison relied on specialist
employees at his various laboratories and offices to complete the
technical work for many of his inventions.
· Reginald Fessenden was an electronic communications specialist
who worked at the Edison Machine Works manufacturing company.
. He is best known for pioneering radio technology that led to the first
transmission of speech by radio.
. Frank J. Sprague was a naval officer who worked at the Menlo Park
laboratory.
. He is best known for being the father of electric traction.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to
introduce Reginald Fessenden and what he is known for?

A. Reginald Fessenden, an electronic communications specialist,

worked at the Edison Machine Works manufacturing company.

B. Reginald Fessenden, an electronic communications specialist

and former employee of Thomas Edison, is known for pioneering
radio technology that led to the first transmission of speech by
radio.

C. Having received little formal education, Thomas Edison

depended on specialized employees, including Reginald
Fessenden and Frank J. Sprague, for many of his inventions.

D. Thomas Edison's historic success would not have been possible

without naval officer Frank J. Sprague, who is known for being
the father of electric traction.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. Hina Hanta is an online archive curated by the Choctaw Nation of
Oklahoma.
. It features images of cultural artifacts relevant to the history of the
Choctaw people.
. It features clothing, including a shawl (ancht in Choctaw) made from
cloth.
. The shawl was made in 1881.
· Hina Hanta features household items, including a mug (isht ishko)
made from clay.
. The mug was made in 1915.

The student wants to make a generalization about the Hina Hanta archive.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

A. Included in the Hina Hanta online archive is a cloth shawl.

B. The Choctaw name for the cloth shawl is anchi.

C. Not all artifacts in the Hina Hanta archive are from the 1800s.

D. The clay mug (isht ishko) was made in 1915.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a ten-point scale that orders
minerals by hardness based on their ability to scratch other
minerals.
· Minerals with larger numbers are harder than minerals with smaller
numbers and can leave visible scratches on them.
. Minerals with smaller numbers are softer than minerals with larger
numbers and cannot leave visible scratches on them.
. The mineral calcite has a Mohs scale number of 3.
. The mineral orthoclase has a Mohs scale number of 6.
. The mineral topaz has a Mohs scale number of 8.

The student wants to compare the hardness of the three minerals. Which
choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

A. Based on their Mohs scale numbers, topaz (8) is harder than

orthoclase (6), and orthoclase is harder than calcite (3).

B. Topaz can leave visible scratches on calcite, which is why topaz

has a higher number than calcite on the Mohs scale of mineral
hardness.

C. A mineral with a Mohs number of 8, like topaz, is harder than

one with a Mohs number of 6, like orthoclase.

D. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness can be used to order

orthoclase, calcite, and topaz by their ability to scratch other
minerals.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. Fafnir is the nickname of a dinosaur fossil specimen from the Late
Cretaceous period.
. The Late Cretaceous period ended more than 65 million years ago.
· Fafnir is a member of the genus Triceratops.
. Fafnir is on display at the Science Museum of Minnesota.
. The Science Museum of Minnesota is in Saint Paul, Minnesota

The student wants to specify Fafnir's location. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Saint Paul, Minnesota, is home to the Science Museum of

Minnesota, which displays a dinosaur fossil specimen from the
Late Cretaceous period.

B. Fafnir is the nickname of a dinosaur fossil specimen belonging to

the genus Triceratops.

C. Fafnir is on display at the Science Museum of Minnesota in Saint

Paul, Minnesota.

D. Fafnir lived in the Late Cretaceous period, which ended more

than 65 million years ago.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. Onomatopoeias are words that imitate the sounds they represent.
. Words that represent the same sound are often written and
pronounced very differently from language to language.
. This variation is due in part to differences in how the languages are
structured.
. "Kok-sss" is a Tagalog onomatopoeia that represents the sound of
snoring.
. "Khò" is a Vietnamese onomatopoeia that represents the sound of
snoring.

The student wants to contrast two words that represent the same sound.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

A. The Tagalog word "kok-sss" and the Vietnamese word "khò" are
onomatopoeias that represent the sound of snoring.

B. Onomatopoeias, words that imitate the sounds they represent,

are often written and pronounced very differently from
language to language.

C. Though they both represent the sound of snoring, the

onomatopoeias "kok-sss" (Tagalog) and "khò" (Vietnamese) are
written and pronounced very differently.

D. The Tagalog word "kok-sss," which represents the sound of

snoring, is an onomatopoeia.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. Tlaxcoapan is a municipality in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico.
· Municipalities are governmental regions responsible for providing
many public services to their residents.
. One service they provide is street lighting.
. Tlaxcoapan covers an area of roughly 42 km2.
· Hidalgo is divided into 84 municipalities.

The student wants to emphasize the size of Tlaxcoapan. Which choice most
effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. Providing street lighting is just one example of the public

services that municipalities provide.

B. The municipality of Tlaxcoapan in Hidalgo, Mexico, covers an

area of roughly 42 km2.

C. Tlaxcoapan is one of 84 governmental regions, known as

municipalities, across Hidalgo.

D. Tlaxcoapan-a governmental region in the state of Hidalgo,

Mexico-provides many public services to its residents.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. There are more than 500 National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) across
the United States.
. The Mason Neck NWR is a 2,276-acre area in Virginia, on the Atlantic
coast.
· It was established to protect the endangered bald eagle.
. The Nestucca Bay NWR is a 457-acre area in Oregon, on the Pacific
coast.
. It was established to protect the endangered Aleutian Canada goose.

The student wants to provide an overview of the NWR program. Which

choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

A. Both the Mason Neck NWR and the Nestucca Bay NWR were
established to protect endangered species.

B. Oregon's Nestucca Bay NWR was established to protect the

endangered Aleutian Canada goose.

C. One of more than 500 NWRs in the US, the Mason Neck NWR
encompasses 2,276 acres in Virginia.

D. The US's more than 500 NWRs protect endangered species from
coast to coast.

. Vexillology is the study of flags.

. The flags of many countries include symbols like animals, plants, or
landforms.
. These symbols often represent an aspect of the region's history,
culture, or landscape.
. The flag of San Marino includes a laurel branch.
. The flag of Croatia includes leopards.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to
make and support a generalization about symbols on flags?

A. The flags of some countries include symbols of plants; San

Marino's, for example, includes a laurel branch.

B. San Marino's flag includes a laurel branch, a symbol that is

important to that country's national identity.

C. Vexillology is the study of flags; accordingly, vexillologists are

interested in flags from around the world.

D. Many countries feature symbols on their flags, and the study of

these designs is known as vexillology.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Documentary TV programs in the slow TV genre consist of
uninterrupted broadcasts of ordinary events in real time.
· Reinflytting is a Norwegian slow TV program.
· The 9-day-long program documented a wild reindeer migration from
their winter to summer pastures.
. It first aired in 2017.
. Slow TV has been called "the world's most boring television."
· American journalist Nathan Heller praises it, writing that "it affords
a visceral kind of armchair tourism."

The student wants to use a quotation to refute the claim that slow TV
programs are boring. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. While some have praised slow TV for affording "a visceral

kind of armchair tourism," others have called it "the world's
most boring television."

B. Far from boring, slow TV programs can provide a 'visceral

kind of armchair tourism," as Heller puts it, whereby viewers
can watch reindeer migrations in real time.

C. With broadcasts of ordinary events, like reindeer migrations,

occurring in real time, slow TV just might be "the world's most
boring television."

D. Reinflytting can afford a "visceral kind of armchair tourism,"

as Heller puts it.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· Chromosomes are cellular structures that contain genes,
· Genes carry critical instructions for determining an organism's
physical traits.
. Members of the same species typically have the same number of
chromosomes.
. The fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) are
species of foxes.
. The fennec fox has sixty-four chromosomes.
. The red fox has thirty-four chromosomes.

The student wants to specify how many chromosomes the fennec fox has.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal?

A. The fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
both have chromosomes, but the fennec fox has more than the
red fox does.

B. The fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) has sixty-four chromosomes.

C. The fennec fox's chromosomes contain genes, which are critical

to determining an organism's physical traits.

D. The red fox, a species of fox, has thirty-four structures called

chromosomes.

. At London and New York Fashion Weeks, fashion designers debut

new clothing collections.
. Color consultants create trend reports on the popular colors at a
given Fashion Week.
. A report on 2018 New York Fashion Week noted the popularity of a
delicate petal pink shade that was warm in tone and soft in intensity.
. A report on 2021 London Fashion Week noted the popularity of a
stirring ocean blue shade that was cool in tone and bright in
intensity.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences to
describe a color that was popular at 2021-London Fashion Week?

A. Shades of delicate petal pink and stirring ocean blue have both
been featured in Fashion Week reports prepared by color
consultants.

B. Each Fashion Week, color consultants compile reports on the

colors that have been popular among designers.

C. The shade favored by designers at 2021 London Fashion Week

was a departure from the warm, soft shade of delicate petal pink
that had proved popular at 2018 New York Fashion Week.

D. At 2021 London Fashion Week, many designer collections

featured a cool, bright shade of stirring ocean blue.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. The fifth Solvay Conference on Physics was held in 1927.
· It brought together twenty-nine of the era's preeminent scientists to
discuss the emerging field of quantum theory.
· The conference famously featured a debate between physicists
Albert Einstein and Niels Bohr.
. Bohr proposed that subatomic entities like electrons had only
probable realities until they were observed.
· Einstein argued that subatomic entities like electrons had a reality
independent of observation.
· Bohr's position, later called the Copenhagen interpretation, remains
the most widely accepted theory of quantum mechanics.

The student wants to place Einstein's argument within its historical

context. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the
notes to accomplish this goal?

A. During the dawn of quantum theory, Einstein maintained the

independent reality of some subatomic entities, although
Bohr's opposing interpretation would become the widely
accepted view.

B. The attendees of the 1927 Solvay Conference were among the

preeminent scientists of their era, including Einstein, who
opposed Bohr's proposal.

C. In 1927, Einstein and Bohr engaged in a famous debate; Bohr's

argument, later called the Copenhagen interpretation, would
remain popular decades after.

D. At the 1927 Solvay Conference on Physics, Einstein disagreed

with Bohr's argument that subatomic entities like electrons
had a reality independent of observation.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is a ten-point scale that orders
minerals by hardness based on their ability to scratch other
minerals.
. Minerals with larger numbers are harder than minerals with smaller
numbers and can leave visible scratches on them.
. Minerals with smaller numbers are softer than minerals with larger
numbers and cannot leave visible scratches on them.
· The mineral calcite has a Mohs scale number of 3.
· The mineral apatite has a Mohs scale number of 5.
· The mineral topaz has a Mohs scale number of 8.

The student wants to make a generalization about minerals. Which choice

most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this
goal?

A. Based on their Mohs scale numbers, topaz (8) is harder than

apatite (5), and apatite is harder than calcite (3).
 B. Topaz can leave visible scratches on calcite, which is why topaz
has a higher number than calcite on the Mohs scale of mineral
hardness.

C. Any mineral with a Mohs number of 8, like topaz, can scratch a

mineral with a Mohs number of 5, like apatite.

D. The Mohs scale can be used to order calcite, topaz, and apatite by
their ability to scratch other minerals.

. Springtails are a group of noninsect hexapods (six-legged animals).

· Researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina-Sánchez, Telipe N. Soto-
Adames, and Grizelle González conducted a study to determine how
many springtail species are present in Puerto Rico.
. They found a total of 146 springtail species.
. They found 1 springtail species belonging to the genus Hemisotoma.
. They found 3 springtail species belonging to the genus Sphaeridia.

Which choice most effectively uses information from the given sentences
to present the study and its findings?

A. In Puerto Rico, the genus Hemisotoma contains one springtail

species, and the genus Sphaeridia contains three springtail
species.

B. According to a study by researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina-

Sánchez, Felipe N. Soto-Adames, and Grizelle González, there
are 146 springtail species present in Puerto Rico, including one
from the genus Hemisotoma and three from the genus
Sphaeridia.

C. Researchers Claudia Marcela Ospina-Sanchez, Felipe N. Soto-

Adames, and Grizelle Gonzalez studied springtails in Puerto
Rico, and they wanted to know how many species there are in
the genus Hemisotoma and the genus Sphaeridia.

D. There are 146 species of springtail (noninsect hexapods) in

Puerto Rico, but there are more species from the genus
Sphaeridia than from the genus Hemisotoma.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

· A merchant vessel is any ship hired to carry cargo or passengers.
. Common merchant vessels include bulk carriers, cruise liners, and
oil tankers.
. A vessel's carrying capacity is also known as its deadweight tonnage
(DWT).
. In 2021, there were a total of 1,236 merchant vessels registered in
Greece.
. The combined DWT of these vessels was 64.9 million tons.
The student wants to explain what a merchant vessel is and provide
examples. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the
notes to accomplish this goal?

A. There were a total of 1.236 ships hired to carry cargo or

passengers registered in Greece in 2021.

B. The carrying capacity of bulk carriers, cruise liners, and oil

tankers is measured in deadweight tonnage.

C. A merchant vessel is any ship hired to carry cargo or passengers

-- like bulk carriers, cruise liners, and oil tankers.

D. In total, Greece's 1,236 merchant vessels had a carrying capacity

of 64.9 million tons in 2021.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

. Musicians around the world have used protest songs to raise
awareness about human rights violations.
. US folk singer Aunt Molly Jackson released the protest song "Poor
Miner's Farewell" in 1932.
. It exposed the unlivable wages and dangerous working conditions
coal miners faced in Kentucky during the 1920s and 1930s.
· South African singer-songwriter Hugh Masekela released the protest
song "Bring Him Back Home" in 1987.
. It called on the South African government to free Nelson Mandela,
an anti-apartheid leader who'd been unjustly imprisoned.

The student wants to contrast the song "Poor Miner's Farewell" with the
song "Bring Him Back Home." Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

A. While both are protest songs, "Poor Miner's Farewell" is about

coal miners in Kentucky, whereas "Bring Him Back Home" is
about the anti-apartheid leader Nelson Mandela.

B. Hugh Masekala's song "Bring Him Back Home," released in

1987, called on the South African government to free Nelson
Mandela.

C. The songs "Poor Miner's Farewell" and -Bring Him Back

Home" both raised awareness about human rights violations.

D. Released in 1932 by Aunt Molly Jackson, the song "Poor

Miner's Farewell" was a protest against the unlivable wages
and dangerous working conditions faced by Kentucky coal