ME165-3

Solar and Wind Energy

Prepared By:
LECTURE 7.0 Solar Collector (Part-3) Engr. Estelito V. Mamuyac
2024-2025 / 2T 03 February 2025
 Repowering Plants
Repowering Plants
◦ Global climate change urges immediate measures to be taken to limit greenhouse gas
emission coming from the fossil fuel fired power plants.
◦ Solar thermal energy can be involved in different ways in existing power generation
plants in order to replace heat produced by fossil fuels.
◦ Particularly baseload solar supported by solar PV and wind.
◦ Solar field feed water preheating can be an option for steam cycled power plant.
◦ A field with solar Fresnel collectors can directly heats boiler’s feed water.
◦ The best results can be obtained when the group of high pressure heaters is replaced
and feed water temperature exceeds its original design value.
◦ Plant modification utilizing solar energy yields substantial fossil fuel input reduction.
 Repowering Plants
Repowering Plants (cont’d.)
◦ The solar power generation share can reach a substantial percentage of the power
plant capacity, having efficiency higher than 39% for the best solar hour of the year.
◦ Repowering (energy gains and/or working power gains) of existing plants is an
environmentally sustainable alternative in opposition to constructing new plants.
◦ Repowering a power plant and its equipment refers to projects seeking to generate
extra potency and production gains.
◦ In theoretical terms, repowering aims to increase the quantity of energy (QE)
produced:
◦ QE = Installed Capacity X Capacity Factor X 8760 hours
 Hybrid Power Systems
Hybrid Power Systems
◦ Hybrid systems, like the name implies,
combine two or more modes of electricity
generation together, usually using
renewable technologies such as solar
photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines.
◦ Hybrid systems provide a high level of
energy security through the mix of
generation methods, and often will
incorporate a storage system (battery, fuel
cell) or small fossil fueled generator to
ensure maximum supply reliability and
security. A hybrid system combines PV with other forms of
generation, usually a diesel engine.
 Hybrid Power Systems

There are three basic elements to the system – the power source, the
battery, and the power management center.
1. The power sources are a wind turbine, diesel engine generator, and solar
arrays.
2. The battery allows autonomous operation by compensating for the
difference between power production and use.
3. The power management center regulates power production from each of
the sources, controls power use by classifying loads, and protects the
battery from service extremes.
 Hybrid Power Systems
Hybrid systems have the following advantages:
◦ The systems are complementary. During the summer months when
there's not much wind there should be ample sunlight and during the
dark winter months it is usually quite windy.
◦ Two different energy sources provide a diversity of supply, reducing the
risk of power outages.
◦ High cost ancillary equipment such as the battery and the inverter
required for a single system must be specified to carry the full system
load. A second system can thus be added without increasing its capacity
or adding cost for more of these components.
 Hybrid Power Systems
Hybrid systems have the following advantages (cont’d.):
◦Because of the supply diversity, the capacity of the battery can
most likely be reduced.
◦The required generating capacity of the basic solar and wind
energy conversion units can be reduced since the total load is
shared.
 Hybrid Power Systems
Types of Hybrid Power Systems
▪ Wind-solar hybrid
◦ Consisting of wind turbines and solar PV cells
▪ Solar-diesel hybrid
◦ Consisting of solar PV cells and diesel generators
▪ Wind-hydro hybrid
◦ Consisting of wind turbines and pumped storage water
▪ Wind-diesel hybrid
◦ Consisting of wind turbines and diesel generators
▪ Wind-compressed air hybrid
◦ Consisting of wind turbines and stored compressed air
▪ Wind-solar-natural gas hybrid
◦ Consisting of wind turbines, solar PV celss and natural gas
 Hybrid Power Systems
▪Wind-Solar Hybrid System
◦ During period of bright sun light (peak summer & winter) solar energy
charges the battery and creates enough reserve for darkness.
◦ During monsoons etc., micro - wind generators produce most of the
energy since wind speed is high.
◦ Hybrid controllers combine both powers to charge the batteries or
provide power to inverter. Inverter modulates this to quality power.
Wind-Solar Hybrid System
 Hybrid Power Systems
▪Solar-Diesel Hybrid System
◦ Storage batteries are used to store energy harnessed through the PV
panels during sunny days.
◦ During wet season, whereby PV panels could not 'collect' sufficient
energy to meet night time energy requirement, the diesel power
generator would kick in and take over the job.
Solar-Diesel Hybrid System
 Hybrid Power Systems
▪Wind-Hydro Hybrid System
◦ A wind-hydro system generates electric energy combining wind
turbines and pumped storage.
◦ Wind-hydro stations dedicate all, or a significant portion, of their wind
power resources to pumping water into pumped storage reservoirs.
◦ These reservoirs are an implementation of grid energy storage.
Wind-Hydro Hybrid System
 Hybrid Power Systems
▪Wind-Diesel Hybrid System
◦ A wind-diesel hybrid power system combines diesel generators and
wind turbines, usually alongside ancillary equipment such as energy
storage, power converters, and various control components, to
generate electricity.
◦ They are designed to increase capacity and reduce the cost and
environmental impact of electrical generation in remote communities
and facilities that are not linked to a power grid.
◦ Wind-diesel hybrid systems reduce reliance on diesel fuel, which
creates pollution and is costly to transport.
 Wind-Diesel Hybrid System
File:Ramea Wind diesel Aug 2007.JPG

Wind Diesel system on Ramea in Canada

 Hybrid Power Systems
▪Wind-Compressed Air Hybrid System
◦ At power stations that use compressed air energy storage (CAES), electrical energy is
used to compress air and store it in underground facilities such as caverns or
abandoned mines.
◦ During later periods of high electrical demand, the air is released to power turbines,
generally using supplemental natural gas.
◦ Power stations that make significant use of CAES are operational in McIntosh,
Alabama, Germany, and Japan.
◦ System disadvantages include some energy losses in the CAES process; also, the need
for supplemental use of fossil fuels such as natural gas means that these systems do
not completely make use of renewable energy.
◦ The Iowa Stored Energy Park, projected to begin commercial operation in 2015, will
use wind farms in Iowa as an energy source in conjunction with CAES.
 Hybrid Plants

Standalone power plant primarily powered by solar energy with option of natural gas backup
 Hybrid Plants

Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center near Indiantown, Florida. Hybrid solar power
facility connect to an existing combined-cycle natural gas power plant.
 Hybrid Plants
File:Wind hydrogen.JPG

Wind-Hydrogen Hybrid Plant

 Hybrid Plants

570-megawatt hybrid power plant in Los Angeles

 Hybrid Plants

This solar flower (tower) is the first of its kind to combine concentrated solar power with a hybrid-
microturbine as well as biodiesel, natural gas or biogas, to ensure production of power 24 hours a
day particularly when the sun goes down without the need of a grid. Israel
 .

Hybrid Plants
Remote Area Power Systems (RAPS)
 References & Material Sources
Reference
• Solar Energy Engineering, Processes and Systems, Soteris A. Kologirou, 2009
• Energy Conversion, D. Yogi Goswami and Frank Kreith, 2008

Websites
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_hybrid_power_systems
• http://www.google.com.ph/search?q=parabolic+dish+reflectors&hl=en&qscrl=1&rlz=1T4ADRA_enUS458US458&prmd=imv
ns&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=9WCNUOrWPO-hmQWB24B4&sqi=2&ved=0CEAQsAQ&biw=1024&bih=451
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X10003579
• http://www.researchgate.net/publication/49612826_Proposed_Partial_Repowering_of_a_Coal-
Fired_Power_Plant_Using_Low-Grade_Solar_Thermal_Energy
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stand-alone_power_system
• http://www.mpoweruk.com/hybrid_power.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_power
• http://exploringgreentechnology.com/solar-energy/hybrid-energy-systems/

Youtube Videos
Hybrid Solar Power Plant:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSLz6kgSbXs&feature=related