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Abstract on HIV self testing

The document discusses the ongoing public health issue of HIV infection, emphasizing the importance of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) as a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. It highlights the global and regional statistics of HIV prevalence, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya, and outlines the challenges faced in HIV care despite advancements in treatment and prevention. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social networks and self-testing in improving HIV detection rates in Mombasa County, Kenya, contributing to the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.

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Ivan Mungungeyo
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8 views4 pages

Abstract on HIV self testing

The document discusses the ongoing public health issue of HIV infection, emphasizing the importance of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) as a critical step in diagnosis and treatment. It highlights the global and regional statistics of HIV prevalence, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and Kenya, and outlines the challenges faced in HIV care despite advancements in treatment and prevention. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of social networks and self-testing in improving HIV detection rates in Mombasa County, Kenya, contributing to the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.

Uploaded by

Ivan Mungungeyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOCIAL NETWORK AND SELF TESTING OF HIV PATIENTS

CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a public health issue that causes illness
and death. HIV testing and counseling (HTC) is a crucial first step in both diagnosis and treatment.
The use of condoms more regularly and the adoption of other risk-reduction measures may arise
from it, making it an HIV preventive intervention in and of itself.
Globally, it’s estimated that 37.7 million people around the world are infected with the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). As such, 36 million are adults, while 1.7 million are children, with
the majority (53%) constituting women and girls. In the latest days, massive worldwide efforts
have been undertaken to respond to the pandemic, and notwithstanding the shortcomings,
significant progress has been achieved in responding to the HIV epidemic (Human
immunodeficiency virus). Further to that, the United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
(UNAIDS), reports that 37.9 million individuals are living with HIV, including 1.7 million newly
diagnosed cases of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (UNAIDS,2020). As well, we are
presently living in a historic age, as governments use the most recent discoveries in HIV treatment
and preventive research to end the HIV pandemic globally. As well, the optimistic 95-95-95
targets, set by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, aspire for 95% of all people
living with HIV to be aware of their status, 95% of those who have been diagnosed with HIV to
receive antiretroviral therapy, and 95% of those receiving treatment to achieve viral suppression.
In Africa, by the end of 2018, there were an estimated 37.9 million individuals living with Human
immunodeficiency virus, with 1.7 million people getting newly infected globally, further two-thirds
(67%) of HIV-positive persons live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, about 7.2 million people,
or 19% of all HIV patients, remained undiagnosed, highlighting that significant effort is necessary
to identify those who do not know their status by utilizing the recommended HIV Counselling and
Testing approach.
1
Key populations, their clientele, and sexual partners contributed to 64% of new HIV infections in
West and Central Africa and 25% in the East and Southern African parts of the region. All through
2018, key populations and their associates constituted approximately 95% of new HIV infections in
Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as well as the Middle East and North Africa. (WHO, 2018).
Kenya is estimated to have one of the highest epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa, with around 1.6
million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (Joint United Nations
Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2020). Finally, the area of study, Mombasa County has 61,629 HIV-
positive persons, 47,574 of whom are undergoing treatment at numerous institutions around the
county, yielding coverage of 86%. Further, in several countries, approximately 50% of HIV-
positive males do not know they have the virus; they also take pre-exposure prophylaxis and HIV
medication at lower rates than women, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP).
Further, untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the result of undiagnosed HIV, which
reduces the advantages of comprehensive antiretroviral medication for both personal health and
preventing population-level HIV transmission (Wong VJ, Murray KR, et al 2017).
Further, along with Mozambique and Uganda, Kenya is one of the four African nations with the
highest rates of adult HIV co-morbidity, exerting a burden on both the healthcare system and the
country's economy.
Problem statement
Notwithstanding the advances in science in HIV prevention and treatment, as well as years of
significant work by the international public health community and major governments, many
people living with or at risk of getting HIV to encounter difficulties with comprehensive care and
treatment, and there is no cure.
Despite the numerous challenges, there have been breakthroughs and intriguing indicators. In
recent years, emerging-market attempts have been made to minimize the pandemic by investing in
cutting-edge techniques to prevent its spread. Conversely, the number of HIV patients receiving
treatment in low-income countries has increased dramatically in the last decade, and significant
success has been achieved in avoiding HIV transmission from mother to child and keeping mothers
alive.

2
According to Arnold, C. (2013).et al, demonstrated that in recent years, HTC's implementation has
stepped up due to increased awareness of its critical role in HIV prevention. In Kenya, from 37% in
2007 to 70% in 2012 and 80% in 2014, the percentage of adults aged 15 to 64 who had ever tested.

1.2 Justification of the study

HIV self-testing provides a myriad of advantages and could satisfy the requirements and resolve
the obstacles of knowing HIV status and early initiation of treatment. Enhancing accessibility to
HIV test services is among the advantages; this also gives users more freedom and preserves their
comfort and privacy. The beneficial findings of this study will have a substantial influence on
meeting the ambitious UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets (95% of persons living with HIV are aware of
their status, 95 % are on treatment, and 95 % are virally suppressed) in Mombasa County as well as
the country at large.

1.3 Significance of the study


The study will add to the body of knowledge on social network strategy HIV testing in Mombasa
County the literature. This will assist in forming the HIV testing and prospective scalability
strategies, solving highlighted issues earlier, and commencing to evaluate how to alleviate and deal
with operational bottlenecks and barriers. As well, the results finding of this research would
therefore help countries offer additional HIV testing services (HTS) alternatives to reach out to
people who might otherwise be reached with the conventional commonly performed HTS.
Additionally, findings will also help with the best way to introduce oral HIV test kits to the
universal populace at large. Further, the social network associate’s recommendations to the study
will raise the importance of the need to seek HIV counseling and testing time to avert morbidities
and mortalities.

3
1.4 Research questions

1. what are the baseline characteristics of the Key population in Mombasa?


2. What are the demographic and clinical characteristics of KP participants?

1.5 Broad objective


To evaluate the use of social networks and self-test kits as methods to enhance the detection
of undiagnosed HIV infection in Mombasa County, Kenya.

1.6 Specific objectives


1. Baseline characteristics for social network cohort in Mombasa County
2. To determine the incidence rate of the social network group
3. To determine the socio-economic status of the social network
4. Associations between dependent variables and HIV-related knowledge, attitude, and
practice scores among SNS in Mombasa County
5. To determine the demographic and clinical characteristics status of the social network
group
6. Demographic characteristics of participants in a social network strategy program to improve
HIV testing

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