Section 5.

1
PROPERTIES OF EXPONENTS

Product of 𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝑎𝑛 =
Gmtn
Powers
power of n
a Dower
(𝑎𝑚 )𝑛 =
am
power of a (𝑎𝑏)𝑚 =
Product aMbM
at
𝑎 −𝑚 =
negative
quotient 𝑎𝑚 n
of
Poners
𝑎𝑛
=
am
Power of 𝑎 𝑚

at
( ) =
a quotient 𝑏

260 𝑎0 =
Power
Example 1: Simplify

1. (2𝑎−2 )(3𝑎3 𝑏2 )(𝑐 −2 )

ba b'E
6,91
𝑞2 𝑟 4
2.
𝑞7 𝑟 3

9 ˢs's'q

3
−2𝑎4
3. ( 𝑏2
)

8
 0 0
4. (4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6) − (2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1)

2 2 2 7

5. (6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 8) + (−4𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 5)

27253
6. 3𝑥(2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6)

E 14187

7. (𝑛2 + 4𝑛 − 6)(𝑛 + 2)

sin tin 12
m but 2n 12

8. (2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5)(3𝑥 − 1)

ties

T.IE
4 2
9. 3
𝑥 (6𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 12)

16K

101953
113 Fs
 5
11.62 34
0
3
Section 5.2y y

1. Divide using long division. Check your answer.

a. (2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 − 8) ÷ (𝑥 − 4)

if ii

b. (9𝑥 2 − 21𝑥 − 20) ÷ (𝑥 − 1)

2. Is (𝑥 2 + 1) a factor of 3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 3 + 12𝑥 2 + 5
 3. Divide using synthetic division.

a. (3𝑥 3 + 17𝑥 2 + 21𝑥 − 9) ÷ (𝑥 + 3)

33 8 3
b. (6𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 2) ÷ (𝑥 − 1)

c. (𝑥 5 − 32) ÷ (𝑥 − 1)

iii iii
Remainder theorem. If you are looking for the value of 𝑓(𝑐) you can calculate it by dividing
(𝑥) by (𝑥 − 𝑐). The remainder will be your answer.

4. Use synthetic division and the Remainder Theorem to find 𝑃(𝑎).

𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 − 9; 𝑎 = 3

2 to a
4 3060
To
5.3 Notes

A number, variable, or product of the two is called a ________________________. The sum and/or
poinimia
difference of more than one monomial is called a _____________________________.

Standard Form of a polynomial function is when the terms are written from monomials of highest
degree to monomials of least degree.

Classifying by Degree

𝑥0 Constant

𝑥1
linear
Quadratic

𝑥3
cubu
Quartic

Quintic

𝑥6
Lexie

Classifying by Terms
1
Term monomial
2
Terms binomial
3
Terms trinomial polynomial
4
4 Terms
Terms
Example 1:
I polynomial in standard form. What is the classification of each polynomial by degree and
Write the
number of terms?

highest
8 4
a. 8𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 + 4
trinomial

2
b. 3𝑥 2
5 F 3
quadratic
p
monomial

end
We can look at the degree of our polynomial to determine the graph’s ____________

behavior
______________________________. We only look at the monomial of the highest degree.

+𝑎𝑥 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 −𝑎𝑥 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 +𝑎𝑥 𝑜𝑑𝑑 −𝑎𝑥 𝑜𝑑𝑑

up up down
down down updown
up
Example 2: Determine the end behavior of the graph the polynomial function.

a. 𝑦 = −7𝑥 3 + 8𝑥 2 + 𝑥

negative
updown

b. 𝑦 = −8𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 4 − 9𝑥 8

negative
downdown
oven
When looking at a table, look at the difference of the y-values to determine the degree of the function.

Example 3:

Determine the degree of the polynomial function with the given data.

x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 16 7 2 1 4

mg quadratic

I
Example 4: Function Value of Variables

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3

a. Find 𝑓(4) − 3𝑓(1)

02 21473 112241 3
16

o 21
b. Find 𝑓(−4) − 5𝑓(2)

up 2643 25 212 3
14583
15
25
200
Section 5.5

Factor by Grouping

greatest common factor

When factoring by grouping, you must look for a _________________________________ between two
sets of terms.

1) What are the real or imaginary solutions of the polynomial equations?

a. 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 = 3𝑥

0 2
I.EE
eiiiiii
ii
b. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 3 = 5𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3

For
3 0
L
Sum of Difference of Cubes

b a abty
If 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 then it factors ___________________________________________
a

a b a ab b
If 𝑎3 − 𝑏 3 then it factors ___________________________________________
2) What are the real or imaginary solutions of the polynomial equations? Solve by factoring.
a. 𝑥 3 − 27 = 0

isjiiasx d
3 oiii.EEEIImmiE
b. 𝑥 4 = 16
let a x

i b
c. 𝑥 3 = 8𝑥 − 2𝑥 2

3
22 8 50
22 8 0

d. 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 8) = 8(𝑥 + 1)

sister
Do
iii
x 2 155
e. 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 18 = 0
to

f. 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 − 8 = 0

g. 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 4 = 0

2 14 8 4 0
2 1 V 2 1

4 Wall do
L in
h. 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 = 0

J E J O

E.ES
I
0 1 I
Section 5.6

ROW POWER EXPANDED FORM COEFFICIENTS

atb 0
1 I
1 atb la't b l
2 axs lantza b 152 121
3 9 573
Laxzab 3,162 103 1331
atb lad da b bathya't 54 4614
Pascal’s Triangle: Used to expand the power of a binomial.

Pascal’s Triangle
i

8
9

Expand each expression. Use Pascal’s Triangle.

a. (𝑎 + 𝑏)6
la basb isa 462 loa 35 is b Ga b 156
a 6asbxisal.ba
235 94 habs 66
 b. (𝑥 − 2)4

in aie nu
- 8 3 242 -32 16

c. (3𝑥 − 2)5

d. (2𝑥 − 3)4

0
81273 137 62
-
12
Section 5.7

After determining all of the possible roots, we must determine which ones are actual roots through
division.

Example: Determine the actual roots of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3

Possible Integer Roots:

1,13
Test Them:

Example: Determine the actual roots of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 8

Possible Integer Roots:

112,12 18
Test Them:

it
1,4
Example: Determine the actual roots of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 − 23𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 60

Possible Integer Roots: 1 12,13 5 5 6 10512,515 I20

20 60
Test Them: