ENGLISH 1 - LESSON 2 :

FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
Table des matières

Objectifs 3
Introduction 4
I - INFORMATION AND DATA 5
II - TEXT : INFORMATION AND DATA 6
III - BUILDING VOCABULARY 8
IV - CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS 9
V - ASKING QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH 12
VI - THIS IS....../ THESE ARE....... 14

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Objectifs

At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to

Explain the basic concepts and ideas of database management in English.
Specifically, they will be able to
Explain the basic concepts of database management in English
Explain the basic ideas of database management in English
Use cardinal and ordinal numbers
Ask WH- Questions and Yes/No questions
Make a sentence containing This is…………/ These are ...............

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Introduction

English 1 is designed for first-year students. It is assumed that all the students taking this course were
taught general English in high school which is a prerequisite to be allowed in this class.
In this lesson, students will learn English vocabulary concerning the fundamentals of database
management as well as grammar points that help them to communicate in English.

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INFORMATION AND DATA I

At the end of this section, learners will be able to

Introduce a conversation in English.
Specifically, they will learn:
The vocabulary related to greetings and introductions in English
Articles (definite and indefinite) and personal pronouns
The present simple tense
Auxiliary verbs (do, have, be)
The present continuous

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TEXT : INFORMATION AND DATA II

In an organization, the data is the most basic resource. To run the organization efficiently, the proper
organization and management of data is essential. The term data may be defined as known facts that
could be recorded and stored on Computer Media. It is also defined as raw facts from which the
required information is produced. Data and information are closely related and are often used
interchangeably. Information is nothing but refined data. In other way, we can say, information is
processed, organized or summarized data. Information consists of data, images, text, documents and
voice, but always in a meaningful content. So we can say, that information is something more than
mere data.
Data are processed to create information. The recipient receives the information and then makes a
decision and takes an action, which may triggers other actions.

In these days, there is no lack of data, but there is lack of quality information. The quality information
means information that is accurate, timely and relevant, which are the three major key attributes of
information.
A meta data is the data about the data. The meta data describe objects in the database and makes
easier for those objects to be accessed or manipulated. The meta data describes the database
structure, sizes of data types, constraints, applications, authorization etc., that are used as an integral
tool for information resource management.
The data dictionary contains information of the data stored in the database and is consulted by the
DBMS before any manipulation operation on the database. It is an integral part of the database
management systems and store meta data i.e., information about the database, attribute names and
definitions for each table in the database. It helps the DBA in the management of the database, user
view definitions as well as their use.

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 TEXT : INFORMATION AND DATA

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored together with controlled redundancy to serve one
or more applications in an optimal way. The data are stored in such a way that they are independent of
the programs used by the people for accessing the data. The approach used in adding the new data,
modifying and retrieving the existing data from the database is common and controlled one. It is also
defined as a collection of logically related data stored together that is designed to meet information
requirements of an organization. We can also define it as an electronic filing system. The example of a
database is a telephone directory that contains names, addresses and telephone numbers of the
people stored in the computer storage.
Database Management System (DBMS) is a program or group of programs that work in conjunction
with the operating system to create, process, store, retrieve, control and manage the data. It acts as an
interface between the application program and the data stored in the database. A DBMS has three main
components. These are Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language and Query
Facilities (DML/SQL) and software for controlled access of Database.

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BUILDING VOCABULARY III

Read the text above and provide the specialized word for
each of the definitions given below.

Read the text above and provide the specialized word for each of the definitions given below.
1- The known or raw facts from which information is produced and which can be recorded and stored
on a computer: ……………………………………………………………………
2 – The end result of processing, organizing, summarizing or refining data:
……………………………………………………….……………………………..
3- Information that is accurate, timely and relevant:
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4- The data about the data or the data that describes things in the database and makes it easier for
those things to be accessed or manipulated:
……………………………………………………………..……..……………………………..
5- A place where one could find information about the data stored in the database and from where the
system takes information before any manipulation operation on the database:
……………………..….……………………………………….
6- A collection of data that is interrelated and stored together where redundancy is controlled for
optimal applications.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7- An example of database in a telephone is:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
8- Examples of data in a telephone database are:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
9- A program or group of programs that work together with the operating system to create, process,
store, retrieve, control and manage the data:
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
10- The components of a DBMS are: …………………………………………………………..

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CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS IV

When reading the text above, you will learn that there are different types of data. One type of data is
concerned with numbers.
Numbers are the result of the combination of individual figures and figures can be used for at least two
purposes: either to express a quantity or to talk about the ordering of things.
When numbers are used to talk about quantities, they are referred to as cardinal numbers.
Examples of cardinal numbers are provided in the table below:

0- Zero 26- Twenty-six 60- Sixty

1- One 27- Twenty-seven 70- Seventy

2- Two 28- Twenty-eight 80- Eighty

3- Three 29- Twenty-nine 90- Ninety

4- Four 30- Thirty 100- One hundred

5- Five 31- Thirty-one 500- Five hundred

6- Six 32- Thirty-two 1,000 – One thousand

1500 – One thousand five

7- Seven 33- Thirty-three
hundred

100,000 – One hundred

8- Eight 34- Thirty-four
thousand

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CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS

1,000,000 – One
9- Nine 35- Thirty-five
million

10- Ten 36- Thirty-six

11- Eleven 37- Thirty-seven

12 – Twelve 38- Thirty-eight

13- Thirteen 39- Thirty-nine

14 – Fourteen 40- Forty

15- Fifteen 41- Forty-one

16 – Sixteen 42- Forty-two

17 – Seventeen 43- Forty-three

18- Eighteen 44- Forty-four

19- Nineteen 45- Forty-five

20- Twenty 46- Forty-six

21- Twenty-one 47- Forty-seven

22- Twenty-two 48- Forty-eight

23- Twenty-three 49- Forty-nine

24- Twenty-four 50- Fifty

25- Twenty-five Etc.

The list above is not complete for cardinal numbers in English.

To correctly write numbers between fifty (50) and ninety-nine (99), you should apply the same rule that
is applied to get numbers above twenty, thirty and forty.
You should first write the number that is a multiple of ten and add the single figure. Both figures must
be separated by a hyphen if you are writing the number in letters.
For example,
42 (forty-two) : In forty-two, forty is the multiple of ten while two is the single figure.
53 (fifty-three) : In fifty-three, fifty is the multiple of ten while three is the single figure.
88 (eighty-eight) : In eighty-eight, eighty is the multiple of ten while eight is the single figure.
Etc.
In the first example, 42, the multiple of ten is 40 while the single figure is 2. Thus, the number 42 is
written in letters with a hyphen separating both figures (i.e. forty-two).
Unlike cardinal numbers that relate to quantity, ordinal numbers are used to talk to talk about the
ordering of items.

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 CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS

Here is a list of some ordinal numbers in English:

1st - First 16th – Sixteenth 31st - Thirty-first 46th - Forty-sixth

32nd - Thirty- 47th - Forty-

2nd - Second 17th – Seventeenth
second seventh

3rd - Third 18th – Eighteenth 33rd - Thirty-third 48th - Forty-eighth

4th – Fourth 19th – Nineteenth 34th - Thirty-fourth 49th - Forty-ninth

5th - Fifth 20th – Twentieth 35th - Thirty-fifty 50th – Fifty

6th – Sixth 21st - Twenty-first 36th - Thirty-sixth 60th – Sixtieth

22nd - Twenty- 37th - Thirty-

7th – Seventh 70th – Seventieth
second seventh

8th – Eighth 23rd - Twenty-third 38th - Thirty-eighth 80th - Eightieth

24th - Twenty-
9th – Ninth 39th - Thirty-ninth 90th – Ninetieth
fourth

10th - Tenth 25th - Twenty-fifty 40th – Fortieth 100th – hundredth

1000th -
11th – Eleventh 26th - Twenty-sixth 41st – Forty-first
Thousandth

1 h5u0n0dtrhe-
27th - Twenty-
12th – Twelveth 42nd - Forty-second dOtnhe thousand
seventh
five

100,000th –
28th - Twenty-
13th – Thirteenth 43rd - Forty-third Hundred
eighth
thousandth

14th – 1,000,000th –
29th - Twenty-ninth 44th - Forty-fourth
Fourteenth millionth

15th – Fifteenth 30th – Thirtieth 45th - Forty-fifth

Once again, to write ordinal numbers beyond fiftieth (50th), you need to apply the same rule that is
applied for twentieth – thirtieth and fortieth.
You should first write the cardinal number that is a multiple of ten and then add the ordinal number
corresponding to the single figure accompanying the multiple of ten.
For example, 55th (fifty-fifth) / 76th (seventy-sixth), etc.
To learn more on cardinal and ordinal numbers, please visit the following link: https://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=Z8Nrb3pmMZI&t=2s

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ASKING QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH V

There are two main types of questions that will be addressed in this section. These are “yes or no
questions” and “WH-questions”.
a- Yes/no questions
Some questions are said to be “yes or no questions” simply because the answer you need to provide is
either “yes” or “no”. For example, Are you a student? The answer to this question is either “yes” or “no”.
To ask a “yes or no question” in English, you must use an auxiliary verb (be, have, do) or a modal verb
(can, could, will, would, must, shall, should, may, might, ought). The auxiliary verb or the modal is
placed at the beginning of the sentence followed by the subject which is then followed by the
remaining part of the sentence. That rule can be schematized as follows:
Auxiliary / modal verb + subject + remaining part of the sentence
Note: although auxiliary “do” is also used to ask yes/no questions, it cannot be used to ask a question
about a sentence where another auxiliary verb or modal already occurred. Similarly, another auxiliary
cannot be used to ask a question if the sentence already comprises an auxiliary verb or a modal. Also,
the tense of the auxiliary depends on the tense of the sentence on which the question is being asked.
Here are some examples of “yes/no questions”:
1- The project manager is responsible for the overall development and implementation of a project.
Is the project manager responsible for the overall development and implementation of a project?
2- The project manager can develop and implement a project. Can the project manager develop and
implement the overall project? 3- The project manager develops and implements projects.
Does the project manager develop and implement projects? 4- Project managers develop and
implement projects. Do project managers develop and implement projects?
5- The project manager developed and implemented projects. Did the project manager develop and
implement projects?

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 ASKING QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH

6- The project manager has developed and implemented projects. Has the project manager developed
and implemented projects?
b- WH-questions
WH-questions do not need to be answered by “yes” or “no”. Rather, they are used to ask for
information. WH-questions begin with what, when, where, who, whom, which, whose, why and how.
To ask WH-questions, you need to follow a rule that builds on the structure of WH-questions. It means
you first have to put the WH- word at the beginning of the sentence and then add the auxiliary or modal
verb followed by the subject and then the remaining portion of the sentence. This rule can be
schematized as follows:
WH- Word + Auxiliary/Modal verb + Subject + remaining part of the sentence
The following are examples of WH-questions:
1- The project manager is responsible for the overall development and implementation of a project.
Is the project manager responsible for the overall development and implementation of a project?
Why is the project manager responsible for the overall development and implementation of a project?
2- The project manager can develop and implement a project. Can the project manager develop and
implement the overall project?
How can the project manager develop and implement the overall project? 3- The project manager
develops and implements projects.
Does the project manager develop and implement projects? Where does the project manager develop
and implement projects? What does the project manager do?
4- The project manager has developed and implemented projects. Has the project manager developed
and implemented projects? When has the project manager developed and implemented projects?

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THIS IS....../ THESE ARE....... VI

« THIS IS » and « THESE ARE » are two phrases you can use to introduce other people:
This is : you can use THIS IS when it is one person
These are : this is used for two or more people
E.g.
- This is my friend Andrew.
- These are my friends from my school.
- This is Mr. Smith, my Math teacher;
And this is Mrs. Grant, a database management specialist.
These are John and Chloé, my fellow students of database management

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