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PPT_Three Phase Controlled Rectifier

The document discusses Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifiers, detailing their configurations, operation modes, and output characteristics for both resistive and inductive loads. It explains the impact of firing angles on output voltage and current, as well as the differences between mid-point and bridge converters. Additionally, it covers semi-converters and three-phase controlled rectifiers, emphasizing their control capabilities and operational modes.

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Yash Singh
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150 views26 pages

PPT_Three Phase Controlled Rectifier

The document discusses Single Phase Full Wave Controlled Rectifiers, detailing their configurations, operation modes, and output characteristics for both resistive and inductive loads. It explains the impact of firing angles on output voltage and current, as well as the differences between mid-point and bridge converters. Additionally, it covers semi-converters and three-phase controlled rectifiers, emphasizing their control capabilities and operational modes.

Uploaded by

Yash Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Single Phase Full Wave

Controlled Rectifier
Introduction
• In case of Single Phase Full Wave
Controlled Rectifier (or Converter)
both positive and negative halves of
ac supply are used and, therefore, the
effective value of dc voltage is high
and ripple content is less compared to
half-wave rectifiers.
• There are two basic configurations of
Single Phase Full Wave Controlled
Rectifier. 1. mid-point converters
2.bridge converters.
Mid-Point Converter with resistive load
• The output dc voltage across the resistive load is given by

• Average load current is given by

• The expression for rms value of load voltage for a given firing angle α is

• RMS value of load current is given by


Mid-Point Converter with Inductive Load

• TH1 conducts when it is fired at an angle α.


• When the energy stored in the inductor falls to zero,
thyristor TH1 is turned off and the load current falls to
zero value at an angle called extinction angle β.
• In case the extinction angle β is more than the firing
angle α, the device is said to be in continuous
conducting mode.
• when both angles α and β have the same value, the
mode is called just continuous conduction mode.
• When angle β has a value lesser than that of firing
angle α the mode is discontinuous conduction
mode.
• The output dc voltage across the inductive load is given by

Few observations:
1.Output voltage will have the highest value for α = 0.
2.Output voltage will be zero for α = 90°. It means that the output voltage will
contain equal positive and negative areas, giving zero output voltage.
3.For firing angle α exceeding 90°, the converter operates in inversion mode.
The voltage will be negative maximum for α = 180°.
• Output power can be controlled to any value by varying the firing angle α
between 0 and 90° in case of inductive loads, while in case of resistive load,
the firing angle α ranges from 0° to 180°.
Mid-Point Converter with Inductive Load and free wheeling diode

The average dc output voltage is given by

The dc load current is given by

the current through the freewheeling diode DFW is given by


Single-Phase Bridge Converter with Resistive load
• Also called as two-quadrant
converter or fully controlled converter.
• Thyristors TH1, TH3 and TH2, TH4 are
triggered at the same firing angle α in
each positive and negative half cycles of
the supply voltage respectively.
• When the supply voltage falls to zero, the
current also becomes zero.
• Thus, thyristors TH1, TH3 in positive half
cycle and TH2 and TH4 in negative half
cycle turn off by natural commutation.
• The relations for Vdc, Idc, VL rms and IL rms for
this bridge configuration is same as that of
Mid-Point Converter with resistive load
• The output dc voltage across the resistive load is given by

• Average load current is given by

• The expression for rms value of load voltage for a given firing angle α is

• RMS value of load current is given by


Single-Phase Bridge Converter with Inductive load

The operating principle and waveforms of this


circuit are similar to those obtained for mid-point
full-wave converter.
Firing angles for both the thyristor pairs are
assumed to be equal.
A large value of L will result in a continuous steady
current in the load.
A small value of L will produce a discontinuous load
current for large firing angles.
• The average output dc voltage is given by

The average value of output dc voltage can be varied, by varying firing angle α,
continuously from positive maximum to negative maximum, assuming continuous
current flow at the dc terminals.
Because the average dc voltage is reversible even though the current flow in the
load is unidirectional, the power flow in the convener can be in either direction.
Thus, full converter provides two modes of operation.

Rectification Mode: For firing angle α less than 90°. the power is transferred from
the source to the load.
Inversion Mode: For firing angle between 90° and 180°, the load voltage is negative
which means that the power is supplied from the load to the source.
Single-Phase Bridge Converter with R-L-E load
If the load is highly inductive, then time constant L/R is very
high and the output current Idc remains constant.

The value of α should be such that when thyristors are


triggered the instantaneous value of ac input voltage Vmax sin
ωt is more than emf E. This sets a lower limit on firing angle
α. The average output voltage of the converter is obtained
from Eq.

For continuous load current, we may write

During the period from α to π, the input voltage and input current
are positive, and the power flows from the supply to the load. The
converter is said to be operating in rectification mode. During the
period from π to π + α, the input voltage is negative, but the input
current is positive and reverse power flows from the load to the
supply. But the net power flow is from ac source to dc load because
(π–α)>α
Single Phase Half Controlled Bridge Rectifier or Semi converter

• With this type of circuit, it is possible to provide a continuous control of the mean dc
voltage, from maximum to virtually zero, but reversal of the mean output voltage is not
possible.
• Thus, only a one-quadrant operation can be obtained from this circuit.
• The circuit has two thyristors TH1 and TH2 and two diodes D1 and D2.
• The freewheeling diode DFW helps in conduction of current when thyristor is not
conducting.
• Assuming output current lout to be ripple free, RMS value of output current,

Phase controlled converters have poor power factor especially when the output
voltage is less than the maximum, i.e., when tiring angle α is large. Semi-converters
provide better power factor in comparison to full converters even though the
improvement is marginal.
Three Phase Controlled Rectifier
Full wave half-controlled Rectifier

• Only three SCRs are used.


• Suitable for resistive load where no
regeneration needed.
• SCR cathodes are common so single
non-isolated firing stage for firing of
SCRs.
• Output ripple frequency is three times
the line frequency.
Output voltage waveform
Firing sequence for the SCRs.

Average output voltage


Full wave full controlled rectifier

The firing sequence is more


complicated than that of half-control
topologies since the SCRs require two
gate signals each cycle.

The average value of the output


voltage for the full-wave full-control
resistive load is given as

where Vm is the line-to-line peak voltage.


The rectifier output voltage waveforms for various fi ring angles, α
Firing sequence for the full-wave, full-control circuits

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