Scribd
Upload
569 views30 pages

AC-DC Converter - Single Phase

The phase controlled rectifier can be single-phase or three-phase. It uses thyristors to control the output voltage and current. For single-phase, it can be half-wave or full-wave controlled rectifiers. The thyristor firing angle determines the average output voltage, with maximum voltage at an angle of 0 degrees. For a single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier with resistive or RL load, equations are derived for the average and RMS output voltage as well as the output current waveform and average current. The inductive load causes discontinuous conduction mode.

Uploaded by

bishnu prasad muni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
569 views30 pages

AC-DC Converter - Single Phase

The phase controlled rectifier can be single-phase or three-phase. It uses thyristors to control the output voltage and current. For single-phase, it can be half-wave or full-wave controlled rectifiers. The thyristor firing angle determines the average output voltage, with maximum voltage at an angle of 0 degrees. For a single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier with resistive or RL load, equations are derived for the average and RMS output voltage as well as the output current waveform and average current. The inductive load causes discontinuous conduction mode.

Uploaded by

bishnu prasad muni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Phase Controlled Rectifier

Dr. Bishnu Prasad Muni


Vasavi College of Engineering, Hyderabad
The phase controlled rectifier is classified into two types based on the type of i/p power supply. And each kind
includes a semi, full and dual converter.
Single-phase Controlled Rectifier
 

This type of rectifier which works from single phase AC i/p power supply Single Phase Controlled

Rectifiers are classified into different types


Half wave Controlled Rectifier: This type of rectifier uses a single Thyristor device to provide o/p control only in one half
cycle of input AC supply, and it offers low DC output.
Full wave Controlled Rectifier: This type of rectifier provides higher DC output
 
 Full wave controlled rectifier with a center tapped transformer requires two Thyristors.
 
 Full wave bridge controlled rectifiers do not need a center tapped transformer
 
Three-phase Controlled Rectifier
 
This type of rectifier which works from three phase AC i/p power supply
 
 A semi converter is a one quadrant converter that has one polarity of o/p voltage and current.
 
 A full converter is a a two quadrants converter that has polarity of o/p voltage can be either +ve or –ve but, the current can have
only one polarity that is either +ve or -ve.
 Dual converter works in four quadrants – both o/p voltage and o/p current can have both the polarities.
Single Phase Half-Wave Thyristor Converter with a Resistive Load
Operation of Phase Controlled Rectifier
 
The basic working principle of a PCR circuit is explained using a single phase half wave PCR circuit with a RL
load resistive shown in the following circuit.

A single phase half wave Thyristor converter circuit is used to convert AC to DC power conversion. The i/p AC
supply is attained from a transformer to offer the required AC supply voltage to the Thyristor converter based on
the o/p DC voltage required.
During the +ve half cycle of i/p supply when the upper end of the transformer secondary winding is at a
+ve potential with respect to the lower end, the Thyristor is in a forward biased state.
The thyristor is activated at a delay angle of ωt =α, by applying an appropriate gate trigger pulse to the
gate terminal of thyristor. When the thyristor is fired at a delay angle of ωt = α, assuming a perfect
thyristor, the thyristor acts as a closed switch and the i/p supply voltage acts across the load when it
conducts from ωt =α to π radians
Supply Voltage Supply Voltage

Output Voltage

Thyristor Voltage

Load Current
Derivation for the Average (DC) Output Voltage Across The Load
Maximum average (dc) o/p voltage is obtained when α = 0

Maximum dc output voltage =


The average dc output voltage can be varied by varying the trigger angle α from 0 to a maximum of 180 radians.

We can obtain the control characteristic by plotting the expression for the dc output voltage as a function of trigger
angle α.
The load current i0 flows through ‘R’. As load is resistive, Output current is given as,

The wave shape of output current is same as output voltage.

As T1 conducts only in positive half cycle as it is reversed bias in negative cycle, the ripple frequency of
output voltage is- 50 Hz (supply frequency)

Average output voltage is given as, are under load voltage waveform, i.e. input voltage from α to π and rest of
the period is 0.
Power transferred to load,
Derivation for RMS Value of Output Voltage of a Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier With Resistive Load

The RMS output voltage is given by

Output voltage For


Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with RL Load
Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with ‘RL’ load
 
 In positive half cycle, SCR starts conduction at firing angle “α”.
 
 Drop across SCR is small & neglected so output voltage is equal to supply voltage.
 
 Due to inductive load, current through SCR increases slowly.
 
 At ‘π’, supply voltage is at zero where load current is at its max value.
 
 In positive half cycle, inductor stores energy & that generates the voltage.
 
 In negative half cycle, the voltage developed across inductor, forward biases SCR & maintains its conduction.
 Basically with the property of inductance it opposes change in current.
 
 Output current & supply current flows in same loop, so all the time io=is.
 
 After π the energy of inductor is given to mains & there is flow of ‘io’. The energy reduces as if gets
consumed by circuit so current also reduces.
 
 At angle ‘β’ energy stored in inductance is finished, hence ‘io’ becomes zero & ‘T1’ turns off.
 
 ‘io’ becomes zero from ‘β’ to ‘2π+α’ hence it is discontinuous conduction.
 
Load voltage waveform
Derivation for the Output (Load) Current when Thyristor Conducts t T 
Derivation for Average (DC) Load Voltage of a Single Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with RL Load
Effect of Load Inductance on the Output voltage :

During the period to the instantaneous o/p voltage is negative and this reduces the average or the dc output
voltage and this when compared to a purely resistive load.

Average DC Load Current =

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy