Probability and Statistics Worksheet II

Instruction: Do the Following Questions

1. In a class of 74 students, 30 students take Literature, 35 students take physics and 40 students
take Mathematics. If the corresponding sets are denoted by A, B and C respectively, then
n(A)=30, n(B)=35, and n(C)=40. The number of students who take both Literature and Physics
is 15. The number of students who take all the three subjects is 5. The number of students who
take Mathematics but neither Literature nor Physics is 20. The number of students who take
physics and Mathematics but not Literature is 8. Represent this data using Venn diagram and
indicate the number of elements in each disjoint subset.

i. How many students take Literature but neither Physics nor Mathematics?

ii. How many students do not take any of the three subjects?

2. If two events A and B are independent with 0 < P (A) < 1 and 0 < P (B) <1, then show that
i. A and B c are independent
ii. Ac and B are independent
iii. Ac and B c are independent
iv. P (A |B) = P (A)
v. P (B | Ac ) = P (B)
3. In a large graduating class of 100 students 54 studied mathematics, 69 studied library
science, and 35 studied both mathematics and library science. If one of these student is
selected at random, find the probability that
i. The student takes mathematics or library science
ii. The student does not take either of these subjects
iii. The student takes library science but not mathematics
4. Suppose that a large number of containers of candy are made up of two types, say A and B.
Type A contains 70% sweet and 30% sour ones while for type B those percents are reversed.
Furthermore, suppose that 60% of all candy jars are of type A, while the remain are of type
B. If you are given a jar of unknown type and draw one pieces of candy;
i. What is the probability that it is type A given that it sweet?
ii. What is the probability that it is type B given that it sweet?

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5. At a certain assembly plant, three machines make 30%, 45%, and 25%, respectively, of the
products. It is known from the past experience that 2%, 3%, and 2% of the products made by
each machine, respectively, are defective. Now, suppose that a finished product is randomly
selected.
i. What is the probability that it is defective?
ii. If a product were chosen randomly and found to be defective, what is the
probability that it was made by machine 3?

6. Three urns are given each containing red and white balls. Urn I contains 6 red and 4 white
balls, Urn II contains 2 red and 6 white balls and Urn III contains 1 red and 2 white balls. An
urn is selected at random and a ball is drawn. If the ball is red what is the chance that it is from
first Urn?
7. An experiment consists of flipping a fair coin 8 times and counting the number of tails.
a) Find the probability of seeing exactly 3 tails.
b) Find the probability of seeing exactly 6 or 7 tails.

8. A random variable has the probability function P ( x)  kx; x  1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Find

a) k
b) P ( X  3)
c) Compute mean and variance of X.

9. A continuous random variable X has the probability density function

f X ( x)  3x 2 ; 0  x  1.
a) Find the cdf
b) Find a so that P ( X  a )  1 / 4
c) Find mean and variance of the r.v. X.

10. A probability density function is defined as follows:

1  .8 x
 : -1  x  1
f ( x)   2

0 : all other x.
a) Show the graph of the density function.
b) Find P (0.5  X  0.5)
c) Compute the mean and variance of this density function.

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11. The time it takes to repair a personal computer is a random variable whose density, in hours,
is given by
1/ 2 0 x2
f X ( x)  
0 otherwise

The cost of the repair depends on the time it takes and is equal to 40  30 x . When the time is
x. Compute the expected cost to repair a personal computer.

12. In how many ways can 7 people be seated at round table if

(a). they can sit anywhere,
(b) .2 particular people must not sit next to each other?
13. If a random variable X is such that E[( X  1) 2 ]  10, E[( X  2) 2 ]  6, find (a) E ( X ), (b) Var

(X) and (c)  X

14. The CDF for a random variable X is
1  e 2 x x0
F ( x)  
0 x0

Find (a) the density function (b) the probability that X  2, and (c) the probability that
3  X  4 .
15. Let X be continuous random variable with density function
1 2
 x 0 x3
f ( x)   9
0 otherwise

a) Find the cumulative CDF of X.

b) Compute P (1  X  2) using F ( X )
16. A random variable X has CDF, F, given by:
0 x0

 1
F ( x)  2c( x 2  x 3 ), 0 x2
 3
1 x2

i. Determine the corresponding pdf

ii. Determine the constant c.

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 iii. Compute P( X  1 )
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iv. Compute F (1.5)
17. Suppose X is a continuous random variable with pdf
2 x, 0  x  1
f ( x)  
0, otherwise

i. Let Y  g ( X )  2 X  1. Find the pdf of Y  g 1 ( X )

ii. Let Y  g ( X )  e  X . Find the pdf of Y  g 1 ( X )