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LKPD 9.2.3 Why Elements React To Form Compounds

The document explains why elements react to form compounds, emphasizing that atoms are more stable with full outer electron shells. It describes two types of chemical bonding: ionic bonding, where atoms lose or gain electrons, and covalent bonding, where atoms share electrons. Examples include sodium chloride for ionic bonding and hydrogen chloride for covalent bonding, along with related questions for understanding.

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14 views4 pages

LKPD 9.2.3 Why Elements React To Form Compounds

The document explains why elements react to form compounds, emphasizing that atoms are more stable with full outer electron shells. It describes two types of chemical bonding: ionic bonding, where atoms lose or gain electrons, and covalent bonding, where atoms share electrons. Examples include sodium chloride for ionic bonding and hydrogen chloride for covalent bonding, along with related questions for understanding.

Uploaded by

rafa.1lamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LKPD 9.2.

3 Why elements react to form compounds

Atoms are more stable when the outermost electron shell (highest energy level) is completely full of
electrons. The elements in Group 8, the noble gases, have their outermost energy level of electrons
full, so they do not react to form compounds.
All the other groups do not have full outer shells of electrons so they can react to form compounds. In
doing so, they fill the outermost electron shells with electrons. The elements in compounds are held
together by chemical bonds. These bonds can be formed in two ways:
1. the atoms can lose or gain electrons (Ionic bonding)
2. atoms can share electrons (covalent bond)

A. Ionic Bonding
An element can react with other elements by losing an electron. When this happens, the element
atom forms an ion. For example, a sodium ion and a chlorine ion can form an ionic chemical bond
to form the compound sodium chloride. In an ionic bond there is an attraction between the
positively charged ion, sodium, and the negatively charged ion, chlorine.

The charges on the ions of sodium and chlorine form a bond and the two elements are
held together to form sodium chloride, NaCl.

Questions:

1. What is the electronic structure of a sodium atom?

2. What is the electronic structure of a sodium ion?

3. What is the symbol for a chlorine atom?

4. What is the symbol for a chlorine ion?


5. Draw the electronic structure of a potassium ion.

6. Draw the electronic structure for a fluorine ion.

7. Potassium is more reactive than lithium because it can lose an electron more easily.
Why is this?

8. Fluorine is more reactive than chlorine because it can gain an electron more easily.
Why is this?
B. Covalent Bond
A chemical bond where electrons are shared is called a covalent bond. When non-metals
form compounds with other non-metals they do so by sharing electrons to fill their
outermost electron shells. An example of this is when hydrogen and chlorine react to form
hydrogen chloride:
 a hydrogen atom has just one electron in its outermost electron shell; in this first shell
there is only room for two electrons
 a chlorine atom has seven electrons in its outermost electron shell; in this electron shell
there is room for eight electrons
 the atoms share a pair of electrons, so both hydrogen and chlorine have their
outermost electron shells full of electrons
 a molecule of hydrogen chloride is formed; its formula is HCl. Look at this diagram:

The electron in the hydrogen atom is shown as a dot and the electrons in
the chlorine atom are shown as crosses. This type of diagram is known
as a dot and cross diagram.

Questions:

1. Which of the nine molecules shown in the diagram below are compounds?
2. Draw a dot and cross diagram to show how a molecule of chlorine is formed.

3. Is the compound calcium chloride an ionic or a covalent compound? Give a reason for
your answer.

4. Write the formula for a molecule of methane, a molecule of carbon dioxide and a
molecule of nitrogen.

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