MASTERS

OF
ARRCHITECTURE
 ALVAR ANTONI IM JØRN
ALTO GAUDI PEI UTZON
Finnish architect, city planner, and furniture Catalan architect, whose distinctive style is Chinese-born American architect noted for his Danish architect best known for his dynamic,
designer whose international reputation rests characterized by freedom of form, voluptuous large, elegantly designed urban buildings and imaginative, but problematic design for the
on a distinctive blend of modernist refinement, colour and texture, and organic unity. Gaudí complexes. His numerous honours included the Sydney Opera House in Australia. In 1957,
indigenous materials, and personal expression in worked almost entirely in or near Barcelona. Much Pritzker Architecture Prize (1983), the Japan Utzon won the design competition for a new
form and detail. His mature style is epitomized by of his career was occupied with the construction of Art Association’s Praemium Imperiale prize for
opera house at Sydney with a dramatic design
the Säynätsalo, Fin., town hall group (1950–52). the Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family (Sagrada architecture (1989), the Presidential Medal of
that brought him international fame.
Família), which was unfinished at his death in 1926. Freedom (1993), a lifetime achievement award
from the Cooper-Hewitt museum (2003), and the
Royal Gold Medal (2010) awarded by the Royal
Institute of British Architects.

FRANK FRANK LLOYD KENZO LE

GHERY WRIGHT TANGE CORBUSIER
Canadian American architect and designer whose An abundantly creative master of American A winner of the 1987 Pritzker Architecture By name of Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, an
original, sculptural, often audacious work won him architecture. His “Prairie style” became the basis Prize. He is one of Japan’s most honored internationally influential Swiss architect and
worldwide renown. Treating each new commission of 20th-century residential design in the United architects. Teacher, writer, architect, and city planner, whose designs combine the
as “a sculptural object, a spatial container, a space States. Fallingwater was cantilevered over a urban planner, he is revered not only for functionalism of the modern movement with
with light and air,” Gehry was rewarded with waterfall with a simple daring that evoked wide his own work, but also for his influence on a bold sculptural expressionism.
commissions the world over throughout the 1980s publicity from 1936 to the present. It is one of his’ younger architects.
and ’90s. most notable works.
 LUDWIG MIES MICHAEL LOUIS PHILIP
VAN DE ROHE GRAVES SULLIVAN JOHNSON
German-born American architect whose American architect and designer, one of the American architect, regarded as the spiritual father American architect and critic known both for his
rectilinear forms, crafted in elegant simplicity, principal figures in the postmodernist movement. of modern American architecture and identified promotion of the International Style and, later, for
epitomized the International Style of architecture. As he was a disciple of Modernism, his early with the aesthetics of early skyscraper design. His his role in defining postmodernist architecture.
Some of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s most famous architecture in the 1960s was imbued with its more than 100 works in collaboration (1879–95) His’ reputation was enlarged by the design of
projects included Farnsworth House, Crown Hall, spirit: predominantly white geometric volumes with Dankmar Adler include the Auditorium his own residence, known as the Glass House,
the Seagram Building, and the German Pavilion. composed with clean, sparse lines with no Building, Chicago (1887–89); the Guaranty at New Canaan, Connecticut (1949). The house,
ornamentation. Building, Buffalo, New York (1894–95; now which is notable for its severely simple rectilinear
Prudential Building); and the Wainwright Building, structure and its use of large glass panels as walls,
St. Louis, Missouri (1890–91). owed much to the precise, minimalist aesthetic of
Mies but also alluded to the work of 18th and 19th
century architects.

NORMAN OSCAR REM RENZO

FOSTER NIEMEYER KOOLHAS PIANO
British architect known for his sleek modern Brazilian architect, an early exponent of modern Dutch architect known for buildings and writings Italian architect best known for his high-tech
buildings made of steel and glass. Foster’s first architecture in Latin America, particularly noted that embrace the energy of modernity. Koolhaas public spaces, particularly his design (with Richard
buildings to receive international acclaim were for his work on Brasília, the new capital of Brazil. first achieved recognition not as an architect but Rogers) for the Centre Georges Pompidou in
the Sainsbury Centre for the Visual Arts (1978) in Niemeyer was the recipient of many other as an urban theorist when his book Delirious New Paris. Piano’s interest in technology and modern
Norwich, England, a vast airy glass-and-metal- international awards, including the Lenin Peace York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan was solutions to architectural problems was evident
paneled shed, and the Hong Kong and Shanghai Prize in 1963, the Pritzker Architecture Prize in published in 1978. The book suggested that the in all his designs, although he increasingly took
Banking Corporation headquarters (1986) in Hong 1988 (cowinner with Gordon Bunshaft), and the architectural development of Manhattan was greater account of the structure’s context.
Kong, a futuristic steel-and-glass office building Japan Art Association’s Praemium Imperiale prize an organic process created through a variety
with a stepped profile. for architecture in 2004. of cultural forces. In this way, New York and
other major cities functioned as a metaphor for
contemporary experience.
 ROBERT SANTIAGO
VENTURI CALATRAVA
American architect who proposed alternatives Spanish architect widely known for his sculptural
to the functionalist mainstream of 20th-century bridges and buildings. Calatrava gained a
American architectural design. Venturi called for reputation for his ability to blend advanced
an eclectic approach to design and an openness engineering solutions with dramatic visual
to the multiple influences of historical tradition, statements, in both bridges and buildings.
ordinary commercial architecture, and pop art. When Expo ’92 was going to Sevilla, Spain, the
city needed to have bridges constructed to
allow access to an island that would be used for
exhibitions.

WALTER
GROPIUS THHEORRY
OF

German American architect and educator who,

ARRCHITECTUURE
particularly as director of the Bauhaus (1919–28),
exerted a major influence on the development of
modern architecture. His works, many executed JEROME L. IPORAC
in collaboration with other architects, included the SECTION - A
school building and faculty housing at the Bauhaus
(1925–26), the Harvard University Graduate
Center, and the United States Embassy in Athens.