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Worksheet - Solution

The document contains a series of probability problems and solutions involving various scenarios, including the use of a digital scale, random experiments with sample spaces, and events related to medication and product designs. It also discusses the probabilities related to semiconductor lasers and a car purchase decision by an individual named Sara. Additionally, it includes calculations for defective items in a batch and the operation of a circuit based on device failures.

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3 views7 pages

Worksheet - Solution

The document contains a series of probability problems and solutions involving various scenarios, including the use of a digital scale, random experiments with sample spaces, and events related to medication and product designs. It also discusses the probabilities related to semiconductor lasers and a car purchase decision by an individual named Sara. Additionally, it includes calculations for defective items in a batch and the operation of a circuit based on device failures.

Uploaded by

khadegaalaskari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work sheet - Probability (Solution):

1. A digital scale that provides weights to the nearest gram is used.


(a) What is the sample space for this experiment?

Let A denote the event that a weight exceeds 11 grams, let B denote the event that a weight is less than or
equal to 15 grams, and let C denote the event that a weight is greater than or equal to 8 grams and less
than 12 grams.
Describe the following events.

2.

3. The sample space of a random experiment is {a, b,c, d, e} with probabilities 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.2,
respectively.
Let A denote the event {a, b, c}, and let B denote the event {c, d, e}. Determine the following:
4.

5. New designs for a wastewater treatment tank have proposed three possible shapes, four possible sizes,
three locations for input valves, and four locations for output valves. How many different product designs
are possible?

From the multiplication rule,


3 x 4x 3x 4=144
6.

7. The results of medicating 200 people’ for a cold is provided in the table below.

If one of these people were selected at random, what would be the probability that …

… the person had a cold for 1-3 days?

105/200
the person took medicine for 4-7 days?

16/200
the person did not take medicine given he/she had a cold for 4-7 days?
79/95

the person had a cold for 1-3 days or took medicine?


( 105+102- 86) / 200
8

9. A batch of 500 containers for frozen orange juice contains 5 that are defective. Two are selected, at
random, without replacement from the batch.
(a) What is the probability that the second one selected is defective given that the first one was defective?
(b) What is the probability that both are defective?
(c) What is the probability that both are acceptable?
Three containers are selected, at random, without replacement, from the batch.
(d) What is the probability that the third one selected is defective given that the first and second ones
selected were defective?
10. Semiconductor lasers used in optical storage products require higher power levels for write operations
than for read operations. High-power-level operations lower the useful life of the laser. Lasers in products
used for backup of higher-speed magnetic disks primarily write, and the probability that the useful life
exceeds five years is 0.95. Lasers that are in products that are used for main storage spend approximately
an equal amount of time reading and writing, and the probability that the useful life exceeds five years is
0.995. Now, 25% of the products from a manufacturer are used for backup and 75% of the products are
used for main storage.
Let A denote the event that a laser’s useful life exceeds five years, and let B denote the event that a laser is
in a product that is used for backup.
Use a tree diagram to determine the following:

11. Sara is going to buy a car. The probability she will buy a BMW is 0.35 . The probability she will buy a
TOYOTA is 0.65 . If she buys the BMW, the probability she will get the sports package is 0.78 . If she
buys the TOYOTA, the probability she will get the sports package is 0.27 .

a) Sara will not get the sports package given she buys a BMW.
b) Sara will not get the sports package given she buys a TOYOTA.
c) Sara will buy a BMW and get the sports package.
d) Sara will buy a TOYOTA and not get the sports package.
e) Sara will get the sports package given she buys a BMW.
f) Sara will get the sports package given she buys a TOYOTA.

Solution:

a) p ( S|B ) = 0.22
b) p ( S|T ) = 0.73
c) p ( B and S) = 0.273
d) p ( T and S) = 0.474
e) p ( S|B ) = 0.78
f) p ( S|T ) = 0.27
Extra questions:
g) Calculate the probability that Sara buys a TOYOTA given she will get the sports package.

h) Calculate the probability that Sara buys a BMW given she will not get the sports package.

12. The following circuit operates if and only if there is a path of functional devices from left to right.
Assume that devices fail independently and that the probability of failure of each device is as shown.
What is the probability that the circuit does not operate?
13-

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