Body Aea Netuoty

4toeitene iey wih BAN

) Snteyeen Ceg'
Athe pexiton cea mue tor waeley ISM
cudy all kincy ef inte Peentey.
yStem in
syakem
Called nteufeer, to a second. sys bem, hich i
tentially alhe dted, Called intafered station
*întarfere ae layiti ed nto 3 peps.
)întunic intefeenle:
Afntinyjc intexfeente tom wiely syens
same .potocol n same OA neighkoued kieavany
bards. & on miely gtems:
9) ExtAnsic intafereh
* Extintintafeene tom wiely Systeny
Ayes dHeunt PAoto col
in Reighkoued
keqeny land.
")EXinic intfeen e tom electienic Nystemy.
Etins;c interteen te on election'c Rytemy
with electomagnetic On RF- eninion.
intinsie intetuente:
AThe
the same Comunicatin
Slatony hat fellow Thù oup
interteled (second) station .
Photolol as the
d Charactaied by folloucg kehaes:
AU NDdey ye some
sane eQueny i.e. the Sane
B-W and same moolulation schene.
same chamel aening
Al Nbddey follow Jtahqeni
Melhanimy ie. L8T OY oaKebb Erafkic ith
D4U NDdey Cone eith kimilai
egard to bhattic laad ltsaltic cycl.
in same fresueny
’ The nooles moy woN
they might wok in same r dityerent
oand ut
channe.
faswe
*Due to multipath Propagotin, he
intertey ai dinegocled by echoy. The veeiva doey
hea bry the duect sagnal fom senler, als
no Aeflectecd at
hear aelayed igraly hat au
hnounding vkject
hee multipsth ellect are dinegaded and
to be low
ay daa hate. fon WBANS tend
disancey to be mall
t Hen ce the weAN Netaeks Aies in attenatim
thieugh, hurman oy.
Extinic intevfeene of RF Station within Aam
fA2auaney Aond:.
Thege bY om veless bystern, within the
A
oand y ominen challerge for Iay
Korne fheaueny charuteied oy the
baied systemy thu ghap con be
tollouin behauja;
)he podes
nodes aile Ofeated wthin hame frcauanty
that nterfee mght hae a
Dand The thx pcns such and of intteed
utial blelap f beQueny
tull an
statien et ntefer mught be
’FreRuancy choactoisbg
inter7eed Matien hi daaols even y the
aitteent bem Some fequn aey, so thee is
in
diheent sotiony nok intomatien
ho Possibility to 'exchange might e Cempote ly
he kaktic choateistC au not Posi bl
diffeiank PAedictien ffutuu Joehaven
by WBANG
’# interfere's petornane uheduced
agliy abranminien naedu to happen,
atuity , fresery anduidth
thiu Aedu ces the availalbte
idesPALad bem in IM band
AMast e
to 2:4835 6ttz
tem 2:4GH2
Examples

yidee,
senda

2-407-2:4252-427-2:4454u7-2u6s l2:46724
24400
2-485
Extunic intosfeene d othe tey within the
AeaLeny Asand:
mutile (tmmnicatien ytons
* when hu galy an
tesueney band,
ORerate n some Cauying acket lass and
interfee ith each ohei,
heducd thaughpuk
’EX Ngatual fheremena (lighting, olau arw),
Electonic deuicy
Aadiation tok inkerfeu
* genvati EM
with mieley communicaion bytny. dnye wban
poblems aiu in
t Theje Potartial soues Gf inlbsteunk
envuonmurty due to lot o
itefeen :
h s to mitigat extiiic
desing dtfant 4resueny band anid thi intosfene
hey bo
)Nost ehecive.
)ing dúedioral Antonas:. Bot
n eaific duectien,
=)focy the Nignal pYces uside o
interfauna korn
helps to Aeduee
Colerage
3)yina BPlod ectun
)pead he bigral OVeA a wider fusLONY
YesKStant t interfeh(
bard, Whch moko it mo
A)wing elo dettCion uyed to lotact and CoWost
) Thee Can be
ntofe C.
by intefen
eros caused by
&) Effeck TAaamiwion
The BER f communitation blo too node
Kot dangh
into Cetoin PER oY FERs dafends on fal kok
thanslatey
Orda to achove BER, SNR Ás Aelwed SNR
Jn aue
hat
Pocening gan
defards on modulotin sheme &
adieved high' tAeauny. sevacliny.
BER
SNR
has Ahat how theSgnal
hy AeCejeys input file.
* The inRact en
Relaived by the eceiver dpendy on e di exfesed ay
acharnol interferen P-dejiol hgral Poue
’ the
) P-intefne fowe wel

chanel solelwsky s efpnedy,

=) The Adjacent Channel ghal
acja ant
AcseAtanuation ofbgral teuel.
pesined Agral
Jrsor Nlo (ntinic ireferena)
penye
smulation Aecluces
evel of emitted ssgal
&The Aawer eRuatin
pace
Faus fe
4Tnd
But the sL Aefondy on, Poweu level o
4
AQCeiver, SQLuare defendorsy)
banmitu and
44T1d
Pr
Based n SQuae Ppropagutien au,
(olCulat the atio,
We Can
 di2loo5de = 3:lbde
inkeyferer
k Dotane olw han ditant blw
tmes larga
moe than thee Aeeie.
Channel Cf sendeu k Channel
Aenitiity hegvcl
* 1f s adia ont. ddrz Zlo-deaode
' h k to
u - Rodk, then atio shink kAC3 iney
-bdB cls
Yatial diutiblition e bde

D2

S o.3 4 S

ALet s,s, - tw sendes Communicatiy

with a oo e Geiers R,Re
diagam shgws to (oncentic cucley
* The
banmittea. -he innes Cùcde yepesent bd c/T
aund a
Lines ile the outer cçcle Vepyeseti -bd8 ch ne ,
that is deyied ignal À atttast LdA sberge tha
inketeena' synal.
t OUtSAoethe - dB ClI ine, inter feene
signal is onge1 than deised sgnal, BERÁ
huigh
the CoOage alea Of.eianmitey
detemned y Ct hatio
 de oerti,:
einic
Roal Packot korSes
Measwement t
intefeenle So/.
Nny anaytical nadels,
A
Cempute dimulotion &Aeal
bo/.

o7.
uenld meauements explan
ho WIA and short Aarge
Wüsley Ns, meant.fos 24;25 240 2435 -24so 2455

doeak , heme,sody o pa stnaleach othe.

lan ikerfere weit,
kye
,Vaues lhnalogiy b
2-4GHz band
* Esfecialy for ae is ky.due to the Dle
Product ale availaba, slun armtetirg ytem
fowe may be
EWLAN.
Paoblem'.
Effect g loeritene
APacket oss iun't a ba sue and it doenu
Aeliolle Catón
Cornmuni dose facket
meon losing data. 0A haprery , it make
lan doe hent agoin. when thi
Motwer, eate nen
wyen delay Gitey) and we
Aing

When Packet aeast, dt Causey delayy

&iitteu , addingto oVeall bystem delas
when Point-to-foint setu, with he
ntesfeing statien, aWg delay1by cs/. and
to interfesing statmy, goes Aap by 492
 Ae ceuiy
hafe opeatien
netwoxing,enuing
* în 8oRuament satety
means
tundamental Tthe two mon
u a falny lhang .
PAotection fom Yaioy
chaactiutig ae: eithe by aniding
can achiave tabety
’A syskerm Plannng Goodnalion
Potential ine by
efosae to
ith ohay ystem hagh edndana,
Potecting ibell
’By aciuey
On ada ivty
Olantumeasy on
etticiency SNA aFpcach
ATo inpoVe Nw
Aeuying sem Charnel but
a a Key aateayy ,
hat jut hannels.
alo tor sele ithg neighiouing
anualfreajueny plannig hay beeh
* While sewics ike. daio k Ty
yed o decadu in Bss be tov modon
nat Piactialy
bsoatcasty butikeik WBANG.
mobileevics aPproachey ale nmade:
t o Pratical
din hemal Gmmwniatin
There ae
elanficatio,: Thiy0ccus
Adive PecKet to build
exchangng demy
clayiitation ist. lütinlng to harnel,
clasiiation:. Tt nvove detction
Dswe cauia ene n enagy
ing methocy like
actwty uithout decadihe
deloding .
to anes dignal canikilatn, the tocus i h
* n active
Cwent Charnel, hecay in Paiwe (lasifitation
Clauitying
 scans alA avatalle channels o áeat a fechal
activity Nap Map.
the tuo Chmplenitiy aes in whles netuoAky.
)loal siihilonte
AThe
Quality dsewed by one station n
NAeless newok i ny Aelevant lolally doer't des ike
Conditiony elsewhoe
t This becomey Cuatial in dop
ages etuDkA,
epe Cially patially ditLLk ed y, with multihep
distaieed
Cornections Where ditteent aua tae diktent
inteteente .
2) Power- down mod npct:
ANdes ing thiy mades mo hot be
Pompty inypined ot fuesueny Chanoes, leooing to
addd áitter Cdelay) in 'data toport.
*Duing Pouei-down Phese,, hannel ohseUation
4 Amposbe otentially cauying Commiini tatien
tail When Aetuning: to active ode
* h gule ituatiny Channo selectien aolapt
ÞVeA. thne, a begn in yytms ike hsM oy DECT:
Howevea, moy. sinples PAotoloy only set Chanhily Wheh
thi netoitK On Conection Startt -
*n lactial wulus sy bemt, aclaptive Gharn
selection dy wied ,Which exPloii an exta
teatue.
 IEEE 02:|13 TA
SME MLME MLME SME

Decison to
&uftch chaNnal Channe eitch
MLME-CHANNEL MME -CHANNEL
Ayounlemnt,
4ome (mltiple) SwITCH- ind
SWITCH Yen
Decüion to
falloo eitlh
MLME-CHANNE ÁTOA
7SP
Channd switch Chanel
ea PE BwitchPLME
ia
MLME -CHANNEL
SwITCH- Ceo
MLME-CHANNEL

Chorne Channee
swthote ewith limplet

MLME ’MAC tap enagment y

SME Aation nanagment vty rtity
COMA:.
FALQuenH Spuading
*The pssSeands be BW
SPAeod
of iginal hinal Aut the Sighal oator Siga!
Phoces is ditteent
Chi SesQlane
A în DSSS each data oith AeneatY
mode
Yeplaad oy by aa Longer lod
it This SPreadiny lade helps at the
%Smalle Bhe signal
Mceiver ng the same Code b ot
Plocening gain, Naring itcas
* Dsss nCeases
to hancle
implaes thii, but ih WBA N's
*Longe lade Codey) due to
We ye Bhor t N SeQen y(Shoy-ey
CoM baint1 only UwB tahds but
BW
 Code), elkeling octtu PetoYman e in Coeziuten le
sitation
OCeunt M0awy en data nk layen:.
Nathad
Methads hor Countermeamy
Thee ae Vaiey
0 dataiink daye.
ORasic Nedium acen Canbol Olentialized Appoac,
ODuby ycle nanagamank channel ernng methady
OfeYsiseny k lolliion AvDidan Crelium Yeeretib Methody
Bau'c MOrum accèy ' lonioi.
When
n Wcles, lw's, Countueawes focs on
Natoy Can ye holed hanel, nown as MAca

MAC Systoms lan be lentialized, with one

t
main hale lobrinating oA deentualeo,wlhere multipe
sations shau the Coodinatin
hae ßne Cantal oooliinate
Snalb Nws:Theu hene
Larger N/w' Theyfheod-euE netwok uing delentalzed
Methody.
Medum Rerewation ethods'.
Methad! ike Posistenoy A callyien aljdahe
don't WoK wel When Stationg are hidden tron each
ethi: To tackle thiu, ad hoc Mecdium Yesevetion
Methiy wes RTs-c7S handshake in IEEE 2 l| .
RTs -ReQust o Send
Staps ot R-cTS: CTS- cleas to Send
The Sender fiE auks eth an RTs AaCko &
Lcaiyer
eceiver Aeplies weth a CTs PaCket
ory atten this exchane, atual dlata tnx
Aegins
 t thiu helfs avid nues with hiddeh Satiy
Minini es damage
damage in
in Cese ot
ot lalliyony ding
the Anitial RT fhae
4 Duty Cyle anagement
Way to hganie how deicas shau
a
charnel, y limiling theu duty ycla dpending t dole
t TE the channel m't too sua, kacket
olliion u des Henco Ley antact cnon brns mivion
* hety e Can be low ay 17 or o/. dopenting
on the ls re9wationy - Secton 132:2)
Ttiu simple Work n mple Connectieny
best uded, fa Aow pe7omana hiationy
Channel Aening ethedy:
BOme Aules in egulationg eauiu dwia
devie to
utan oeforetalking. which helps awoid olliyiry n
Waeley notwoxk.twevea, to g imit it etsestion.
)isten - before - talk dn't guanante that olliyion
cano ouy: Tt a tationg Stot listening at the San
time they tanymit at Same time, Cang a Collyion
By uung Persstany stratugy, de
> Whan statien cant hean each other but ha
OVelapping aeas. ig LAT K one Station doesn't
Brevent Colliviong. (o solve this hidden tatiip Boblom
RTS- cTS Mechanms Cee needed
Aknaws B é
neihsoy
A,Ci hidaen Station. fo
 Countea Meaey that
These ae the
eikul kor data dinK Physi cal a .
4) Regulatosy ites:
A Mediol deicey ae Cucial and (an aßfet sakety,
the comuies maKig tham
autthoritiy
Ln un, FDA OVesees this Pecifitaly the ente
toa devics adinlical health CcDRH)
’ nEUNediial
Deuie houtactiuey need
Jtardandrtion
cetifi cation om Elwoean lomittee for
Committe tor elecaotechrical standrdizoli
keuepean
Chiùa înolia, have heu oon eglatony
’ standad
agenciea, such.ay'SfA in china k Cntoldg
lonto) oenizationlDsce) in andiadeices meet neOmary
enmue that Nedial
theje agercis
standay
devie Aegulatien in uSA::
Mediio
Clantlatien edical Deicey:
)FOA Categoizd. shto lese
Nedicoldeices a
lsad tbh isk levet.
L, U,111
) o s > vnimal insfetien den't YeRuue nohfiatior
) uoy-l| -neeols Pemakat
Notificatien Stok)
||-> AeQrey Pe Nak apo lel wich subitantiol
las-
cinical data
2) Focuy on habety:
A Fiaditional kous on abety 'sng toly like
 FEMA and harard Analyis
37Emegeny ot Seuity lon lun:

Loading to secuiy challonges.

4) Senity APPAoache.
* senity integralon ads to nisk Nonagement
dovice yage.
*FOA Aey aybosecuity guidana for etasoked
deuice
s)FDA'S nent ebfork:
* fo is eaing onfdentiality,
nbqity, awailalilby k aiantabilihy.
uclana dounent
expicbly addes seaty Con lerns in stols) submiion,
to epiaty
bhviiley Deuice leryderatony:.
uacley interfaces,
ntation en dota tru, seuiby Protocali
dotoled
and btetial intaten a u eined.
)ata Piva y eaney:.
A evices stuhing t di plafing datos,
Partiulanly Medialdeices data wyitm, inplement
Protolos to peyewe data Pivacy.
8) Auana cases for secuity'. Manufacluey to
FDn wl eRune
Case, whilh owoley makuy laimy
Phovide
 esnting algument Boviding evidna for the
euity feotua dr he edial duice
Meaiial deite egulator in ndie:
Aia, ointiy ike China k india have theiu
*n
eun suley fon medital deWicen.

ike cEN and DA which ai trusted.

o0agentiu
ndia, rt ot he ywicey are Checked
* Ln

aPproual tey iodeviy ike heant' Jhen hey've

Ceated a National dug tuthonty to heck hoje dia'
babety.
*In china, SFDA hay taken seies of stepr t
te: poCey os edial devia Celtifi atin
Cuiclen
fernetimy just taking ming tor ohe dewie
s) seusityk zelt paohctin.
*hWhen setting pBw's, ib ucial to hik
abat Kepin hem bafely, elauu it hende with,
na mebien BsN nodey manaqe Acal -tine data
Patient ntos
ham weaalte o hmplany, that moy Cawye hamtel
actiony, t jt not seue The fotential imkeck en
attack on. BsNs can be ose. than damage caued
on hegula lomputuy.
* Thine of Compute ige, WBANS
Nausey that ccus
Nlatid to booy udich alyo vuuey
leads to diseate.
 *în biologjcal sytem, inkectioy dùeae ààCayed
by those agonty , Called Rthgen (Väusey, kung, kacin tb
Rarajitey)-în BoN's harmtu entitis Con be Compald bo
bacteva lomplonie Aen go nodes) alallng NlJ's integiby
and iuey injectne into senyo nodey to damae thu
8enyo an nowOYk
AAn excellent elale fo selb-pae ctin Mgten
d hunan mmune nyytam js hupeY hetwe at
Pouenting ntectimy tom aiony moleaty and adapt
ssN Need ultipe daypns of dqense, nmch
to Challge.
like inmune ytem: Each Aaye' hay tioy Wayy
to

muiws h but gutThese phyyially stop hamful

thingg entu insie the sady. oY YeJpuatory ystem
helps doy tapping mitand by making Meealagh.
k Acidik,Paeyent that beat an envionment that
Pathugny annct be tincly.
=)inat innne sytm: hu ia kedys nlenal any.
I has elu that ealk p homful thang and a
Complement Aysbarn mith Meial PAotens.
bemetimey, this n heayes BleA body temfeiatau khiye
IHaodMow lven caunej a fever.

-)au ody has another defense ytom

Called adaptue Ammune ylen, which has 2
Pant
DAmolal imne ytem;
the Pro du ction of antibodis in ouu body
y 8-cells nhen hanel things GPond
)(ellulan ümune syotrm :: colls by
desboys he infected
* Recogi k
ung T-cells. o tyey T- Cell.
infectad ells
» KilleY-Tels : fend t deyby alls.
Cono) 0He nmne
’Helpr-T-Cells: Helps to
adiwate Na aofha_es (clti hat cat
s& Aso
hamu skukt
6)se Cureod Protooy
vis intection