EAPP REVIEWER

LESSON 0
Basic Grammar Rules
Part 1
Part of Speech
1.​ Adverbs - modifies or describes a verb, and adjective, or another adverb
2.​ Preposition - modifies or a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another
word in the sentence
3.​ Adjective - modifies or describes a noun or pronoun
4.​ Conjunction - joins words, phrases, or clauses
*FANBOYS - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
5.​ Verb - expresses action or being

Part 2
Sentence Structure
1.​ Dependent Clause - contains a subject and a verb and cannot stand alone by itself. Subordinating
conjunction usually comes before me in a sentence
2.​ Independent Clause - with a subject and a verb. Makes sense all by itself
3.​ Compound Sentence - joins together two or more independent clauses into a single sentence. Using a
comma, a coordinating conjunction (fanboys) or using a semicolon between clauses
4.​ Simple Sentence - single independent clause, no more, no less. Includes subject and verbs, but can also
include objects
5.​ Complex Sentence - uses one main independent clause with any number of subordinate clauses. Uses
subordinating conjunctions

Part 3
Rule of Verbs
1.​ A SINGULAR subject takes a SINGULAR verb whereas a PLURAL subject takes a PLURAL VERB
2.​ As a general rule, use a plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected by "and"
3.​ Parentheses are not part of the subject
4.​ If the word "each," "every" or "no" comes before the subject, the verb is singular
5.​ The verb in an or, either/or, neither/nor sentence agrees with the noun or pronoun closest to it

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LESSON 1
Reading and Writing Academic Texts
Part 1
Reading Academic Texts
Non-Academic Texts
-​ Personal, emotional, impressionistic, or subjective in nature
-​ Author can be ANYONE
-​ popular/easy to read
-​ Uses slang and colloquial expression
-​ Informal, subjective, no definite structure
-​ Provides a broad overview of the topic
-​ Not necessary to cite sources
-​ Samples: poems, letters, magazines, emails, text messages, essays (informal)

Academic Texts
-​ Critical, objective, specialized reading material
-​ Provides information about concepts and theories that are related to a specific discipline
-​ Written by experts or professionals in the given field
-​ Based on facts with solid basis
-​ Formal, objective, and technical
-​ Samples: research paper, conference paper, feasibility study, thesis/dissertation, reviews, articles, essay,
academic journals, reports
-​ Textbooks: standard work for a particular branch of study; Designed to help the learner; Varies in style,
tone, and level depending on audience
-​ Essay: short literary composition, usually in prose and generally analytic, speculative, or interpretative;
Citation of resources; Varies on length and formality
-​ Dissertation/Thesis: long period of reading, research, and reflection (thesis-shorter; master's, existing
research; dissertation- longer, doctorate, original research)
-​ Research Article: reports result of original research, Published in a journal; Mainly for specialist
audiences
-​ Case Study: common disciplines such as business, sociology, and law

Part 2
Language of Academic Texts
-​ Represents language demands of (school) academics
-​ Different in vocabulary and structure
-​ Social language: simple, informal language; family members and friends; contemporary or slang terms;
feelings, needs, and wants
-​ Academic language: language of academic disciplines, texts, and literature and of extended, reasoned
discourse; classroom or workplace; comprehend complex ideas, process higher-order thinking,
understand abstract concepts
●​ Formal - avoid casual or conversational such as contractions and informal vocabulary
 ●​ Objective - avoid personal or direct reference to people or feelings
●​ Technical - use vocabulary specific to the discipline

Part 3
Structure of Academic Texts - important feature of academic writing
-​ Enables reader to follow the argument
-​ Follow the text
-​ Clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text

Introduction: topic, purpose, structure of paper

-​ 10-20 percent
-​ General info such as background, definitions
-​ Core of introduction: topic, purpose, point of view, hypotheses, research questions
-​ Most specific info describing the scope and structure of paper
Body: "What is the topic about?"
-​ Elaborates by definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples, and evidence
-​ Heart of the essay as it expounds the specific ideas for better understanding of the topic
Conclusion: briefly summarizing the main scope or structure of the paper
-​ Confirms the topic given in intro
-​ Ends with a more general statement on how topic relates to its context
-​ Takes form of an EVALUATION, IMPLICATIONS, RECOMMENDATION

Writing Academic Text

Part 4

Thesis Statement - claim or stand that you will develop in your paper
-​ Controlling idea of essay
-​ Specific sentence (sometimes a cluster)
-​ Lets readers know what is asserted on topic
-​ Why?
●​ Test ideas by distilling up to 2 sentences
●​ Organize and develop argument
●​ "Guide "
1.​ Strong thesis statements takes some sort of stand
2.​ " " justifies discussion
3.​ " " expresses one main idea
4.​ " " is specific

Part 5
Summarizing an Academic Text - abstract, summary or précis (French) is the condensed version of original text
and are techinically the same
-​ Brief, concise, complete
-​ No own opinion
-​ Compact idea by giving the GIST or CORE

STEPS IN SUMMARIZING
1.​ Read text repeatedly
2.​ Identify main idea
3.​ Put feet in readers' shoe
4.​ Ensure smooth flow of ideas
5.​ Limit to few sentences
6.​ Proofread

BASIC RULES
1.​ Erase things that do not matter
2.​ Only write down important points
3.​ Erase things that repeat
4.​ Trade general terms for specific names
5.​ Use own words

Part 6
Outlining
Outline - tool for organizing ideas. Pre-writing AND post-reading activity
-​ Gives visual structure
-​ Shows relationships and hierarchies within the content
-​ Create a linear, organized plan that shows main ideas
A.​ According to Purpose
1.​ Reading Outline - done AFTER reading a text; Mostly combined with the SENTENCE OUTLINE
2.​ Writing Outline - done BEFORE; combined with TOPIC OUTLINE
B. According to Format
1.​ Sentence Outline - complete sentences
2.​ Topic Outline - keywords or phrases

C. According to Symbol
1.​ Alphanumeric - alphabet (upper and lower case), Roman numerals, and Hindu-Arabic numerals
2.​ Decimal - decimal number system

7 GUIDELINES IN WRITING AN OUTLINE

 1.​ Place the title at the center above the outline
2.​ Every level must have at least two items
3.​ Put a period after each numeral and letter
4.​ Indent each new level of the outline
5.​ All items should line up with each other
6.​ Capital the first letter of each item
7.​ Terms Introduction, Body, and Conclusion do not have to be included (merely organizational units in
the writer's mind)

6 STEPS IN CREATING A READING OUTLINE

1.​ Read entire text then skim
2.​ Locate thesis statement
3.​ Look for key ideas
4.​ Look at topic sentence and group the related ideas
5.​ Arrange contents accdg. to chronological, spatial, and general to specific order
6.​ Go back to text to make sure there are no missed information

"In character, in manner, in style, in all things, the supreme excellency is simplicity" - Henry Longfellow

LESSON 3
REACTION, REVIEW AND CRITIQUE PAPER

"We all have a social responsibility and have to be mindful of what we do and say" - Aja Brown

Part 1
Definition: response or reaction to some sort of prompt (may be a question, current event, or a form of media,
including movies or video clips)
-​ Specialized forms of writing which author reviews or evaluates a subject

Author evaluates:
1.​ Scholarly work (academic books and articles)
2.​ Work of Art (performance art, play, dance, sports, film, exhibits)
3.​ Designs (industrial, furniture, fashion)
4.​ Graphic (posters, billboards, commercials, digital)

Part 2

Reaction Paper
-​ Presents reasonable response
 -​ Can be made by anyone
-​ Focused on PERSONAL appreciation
-​ Expression of personal judgment

Review Paper
-​ Term paper or book review
-​ Objective judgment
-​ Focused on good and bad points
-​ Informed judgment
-​ Made by knowledgeable people

Critique Paper
-​ Most academic and elevated evaluation
-​ Written by experts of the field
-​ Analyzes and evaluates the components
-​ Provides directions for future improvements

Part 3
Structure
(5 Shoulds)
-​ Organized
-​ Summarized
-​ Analyzes or evaluates subject
-​ Explains reaction
-​ Have citations and references
(4 Should Nots)
-​ Include a lot of "I think," "I feel," or "I believe" statements
-​ Use the pronoun "YOU"
-​ Autobiographical
-​ Repetition

*Follows 3 part essay structure (250-700 words)

Introduction (5%)
-​ Title
-​ Publication Date
-​ Writer's Name
-​ Thesis Statement
Summary (10%)
Objective or Purpose
-​ Methods used (if applicable)
-​ Major findings, claims, ideas, or messages
Questions (75% no particular order)
-​ Is thesis statement explicitly stated?
-​ What are the assumptions?
-​ Contributions of the work to the field it belongs?
-​ Problems and issues discussed and presented?
-​ Kinds of info presented?
Conclusion (10%)
-​ Overall impressiom of the work
-​ Scholarly or literary value
-​ Benefits
-​ Suggestion for future direction of research

Part 4

STEPS IN WRITING
1.​ Read and study the material
2.​ Annotate text
3.​ Ask questions
4.​ Free write
5.​ Decide on angle and determine thesis statement
6.​ Organize paper
7.​ Gather quotations
8.​ Structure your paragraph

TIPS
1.​ Follow basic template (3-Part Essay Structure)
2.​ Be sure to support your points, opinions with specific examples
3.​ Proofread (4x)
4.​ Don't be overly reliant on quotations from original work
5.​ Express opinions clearly (react with thoughts and feelings) in a thoughtful, well-constructed manner
6.​ Opinions are valid and must be backed with evidence and examples to hold reader's attention
7.​ Apply basic standards of effective writing (unity, coherence, supporting facts and clear, concise
sentences) when writing and editing

Part 5
Critique Paper - briefly and critically summarizes and evaluated a work or concept
1.​ Creative Works - novels, exhibits, films, shows, images, poetry, others
2.​ Researches - articles, journals, monographs, systematic reviews, theories, others
3.​ Media - news report, features, others

Criticize - evaluate or judge

Critique - paper or product
Critic - person

Part 6
Critical or Literary Approaches
1.​ Formalism - each work is distinct, free from emvironment, era, author
-​ Centers on structure and components
-​ ELEMENTS
2.​ Feminism
3.​ Historical-Biographical
4.​ Moralism
5.​ Marxism
6.​ Readers-Response
7.​ Gender Criticism