READING AND WRITING SKILLS 2. Signposting – academic writing is reader- friendly.

The
4TH QUARTER ability of the reader to clearly understand the content of
a writing.
LESSON 1: THE LANGUAGE OF ACADEMIC WRITING
3. Contractions and Colloquial words – use of contractions
Academic Writing - is a formal writing that has its own set of rules and informal.
and practices. This type of writing requires an analysis of 4. Rhetorical questions – interrogatives that do not expect
knowledge and ideas. to receive any response but is used for their literary
effect.
Qualities of Academic Writing 5. Hedging devices – words used to lessen the impact
1. Word Choice – writer must choose words that will really
express the meaning s/he wants to convey. LESSON 2: THE PROCESS APPROACH TO WRITING AND R.A.F.T
a. Misused words – words that do not convey the WRITING TECHNIQUE
meaning
Ex. effected – affected RAFT Writing Technique
Role of the writer – Who are you as the writer?
b. Pronouns – overuse of pronoun in which the readers
Audience – To whom are you writing?
can’t tell whom/what it refers to. Format – In what format are you writing?
Ex. My cousin Miguel invited my brother John even Topic - What are you writing about?
though he didn’t like him very much.
c. Jargon or technical terms – special words and Process Approach
expressions particular to a discipline. Writing should not be a one-shot activity; it needs
planning and several revisions before the final output is turned
Ex. teacher – lesson plan medicine - diagnose
in. Feedback is very important too, so you could further improve
lawyer – due process your work.
d. Wordiness – verbosity that complicates the context of a. Prewriting – the writer uses several initial activities like
the statement. brainstorming, freewriting, researching, journaling,
Ex. outlining, RAFT table, etc.
In the event that I miss the class, please get a b. Drafting – the initial composition, however, the writer
handout for me. should not be concerned with language, grammar, and
organization yet. The only purpose is to write down all
If I miss the class, please get a handout for me.
ideas.
e. Cliches – phrase or expression that has been used so c. Securing feedback from peer/s – the peer share ideas,
often. opinion, suggestions.
Ex. - it’s raining cats and dogs. -break a leg d. Revising – writers review and modify their work to improve
the draft.

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 e. Securing feedback from the teacher – checking of errors Important things to consider in preparing a position paper:
for the improvement and giving certain comments/ 1. Choosing a topic
suggestions. - issue should be truly controversial at present
f. Editing- proofread and correct errors in grammar and - it must be debatable (two sides)
mechanics to improve style and clarity. 2. Locating and Reading Credible Sources
g. Publishing- sharing of the final draft to others - your stand/claim is based on sound reasoning
- use reasonable resources such as research
LESSON 3: WRITING A CRITIQUE PAPER articles, reports, books newspaper, and
magazine articles written by experts.
Critique Paper – an academic paper that calls for a careful 3. Forming a thesis and arguments
evaluation and analysis of a given topic. It may include not only thesis statement – composed of 1-2 sentences
the criticisms but also highlight the discussion and strong points that clearly identify your stand and mentions the arguments as
of a paper. well.
4. Outlining your paper
Steps in Writing a Critique Paper - includes the introduction, body, and conclusion
1. Know your material 5. Drafting your paper
2. Take notes as you read - developing the argument by citing enough
3. Understand the major points of the author appropriate evidences, factual knowledge, and even
4. Identify the points you agree or disagree with and be testimonies of people with authority.
guided by the evaluative points such as:
a. Accuracy LESSON 5. THE LITERATURE REVIEW, RESEARCH REPORT, AND
b. Relevance PROJECT PROPOSAL
c. Clarity
d. Logic Literature review – a summary and/or analysis and involves a
5. Preparation for the organization number of academic reading materials (not just books) such as
6. Draft your paper articles, theses, dissertation.
7. Get feedback
Research Report – an academic paper that presents to the
LESSON 4: POSITION PAPER/ POINT OF VIEW PAPER readers how you worked on a research and the results that you
were able to gather including the conclusion and implication.
Position Paper – explains your opinion on a specific issue or topic
based on logical support. It highlights the viewpoint and your Parts/ Section of a Research Report
reasons (called argument) for your stand. However, you still 1. Abstract – short paragraph that mentions the relevant
have to discuss the opposing side, but the purpose of aspects of the research. It is written in the past tense as it reports
downplaying it and prove that your arguments are stronger. what has been already done/
2. Introduction – discuss the significance of the research topic
3. Method/s – documents the research design, participants,
instrument/s, and data analysis of your research/
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4. Results and Discussion – the outcome of the study
5. Conclusion/ Recommendation – summaries what your D. Business Letters – refers to the letters commonly used and
research was able to uncover, the findings, suggestions, and given in formal setting and for professional purposes such as
offer ways. business, education, and other specialized field.

Project Proposal – explains the readers what the project is Different types of format
about, why it should be done, and how it will be implemented. Full-block style – commonly used in formal setting in which the
parts are all left aligned.
1. Summary/ Abstract – relevant aspect of Semi- block style – used in traditional setting and has an informal
2. Introduction – significance of the project in appearance.
3. Method – the instrument/ procedure to be used
4. Project – task, program, Parts of Business Letters
5. Timeline – explains the timetable/ agenda/ plan
6. Budget – financial plan for the project 1. Heading – contains the full information of the sender
2. Dateline – the complete date when the letter was written
LESSON 6. RESUME, LETTER OF APPLICATION, AND OTHER 3. Inside address – exact information of the receiver of the letter
PROFESSIONAL CORRESPONCES 4. Salutation - this is the greeting and acknowledgement
Ex. Dear Sir Juan Dela Cruz :
A. Resume – is a document that you send to a prospective 5. Body – contains the purpose, intention, and necessary
employer so he can assess and evaluate your skills, knowledge, information which should be presented in the letter.
and qualification. 6. Complimentary Close – closing acknowledgement
Ex. Respectfully yours, Sincerely yours, etc.
Basic parts of resume 7. Name and Signature
1. Objective
2. Personal experience Types of Business Correspondences
3. Educational background
4. Work experience 1. Query/ Request letter
5. Seminars/ Affiliations/ Trainings 2. Thank-you letter
6. Character reference 3. Decline/ acceptance letter
4. Complaint letter
B. Cover Letter – a short letter usually limited to one page only 5. Resignation letter
that tells your intention, introduces your document and will be 6. Withdrawal letter
attached to your resume. 7. Introduction/ networking letter

C. Job Application Letter – contains the exact and