CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction
1.1.1. Concise Review of Current Information
1.1.2. Gap in Knowledge and Aim of the Work
1.1.3. Hypotheses and Contributions
1.2. Outline of the project

1.1. Introduction
As nowadays there is a rapid demand for modern living solutions, this has led to the rapid
adoption of automation technologies. IoT-based smart home automation systems have emerged
as the most viable and efficient solutions among all other technologies. These systems allow
users to control the appliances remotely, monitor energy consumption, and optimize their usage
patterns, thereby making life sustainable and more convenient. Also, it is very affordable,
scalable, and easy to use. However, precise data collection and monitoring play an important
role, as the successful implementation of the system heavily relies on it.

1.1.1. Concise Review of Current Information

There is a lot of research about the topic of IoT-based home automation systems consisting of
solutions leveraging Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Wi-Fi technologies to enable appliance control and
monitoring. Also, platforms like Sinric Pro further simplify integration by monitoring real-time
data and providing cloud storage solutions. Smart meters have also been used in the systems to
enhance energy monitoring, providing energy consumption patterns and opportunities for
optimization. As these advancements are very good, still they fail to provide detailed analytical
insights or are not cost-effective, making them inappropriate for broader use.

1.1.2. Gap in Knowledge and Aim of the Work

After doing all the research, we got to know that despite all the advancements in IoT-based
smart home automation, there are problems in collecting precise real-time energy usage data,

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and also it is not very affordable and actionable. The aim of this work is to bridge the gap by
integrating smart meters with real-time data collection capabilities into an intelligent home
automation system. The system will store and process energy consumption data using Sinric
Pro platforms, which will further enable detailed insights.

1.1.3. Hypotheses and Contributions

The project is based on the hypothesis that the integration of smart meters into intelligent home
automation will provide us with precise real-time data of energy usage, which can further be
utilized to optimize energy consumption and thereby improve efficiency. The key contribution
of this includes: Integrating a cost-effective system by using NodeMCU ESP8266 and low-
cost, locally available hardware components. Implementing Sinric Pro for real-time data
collection and cloud-based management. Building the foundation to use the system as future
AI-based training models that can predict energy usage patterns and recommend optimized
solutions.

1.2. Outline of the project

Chapter 2: Literature Survey: This chapter provides a detailed analysis of existing research
in IoT-based home automation, highlighting their methodologies, limitations, and areas for
improvement.
Chapter 3: Methodology: This section describes the design and implementation of the data
collection system, including the hardware components, software tools, and integration with the
Sinric Pro platform.
Chapter 4: System Design: This chapter shows the system’s structure, including the block
diagram and flowchart.
Chapter 5: Results and Analysis: This chapter presents the data collected during the study,
showcasing energy usage patterns and preliminary insights derived from the analysis.
Chapter 6: Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the findings of the project, emphasizing
the success of the intelligent home automation system in achieving its objectives.
Chapter 7: Future Scope: This chapter outlines potential advancements for the system, such
as AI-driven predictions for energy usage, machine learning for adaptive automation, and
scalability for larger environments.

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 CHAPTER-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1. Overview of Existing technology of Home Automation

2.1. Overview of Existing technology of Home Automation

The evolution of intelligent home automation has been shaped by advancements in
communication technologies, IoT integration, and energy management solutions. Early
systems, such as those proposed by Ding et al. (2010), emphasized network design for seamless
device interconnection but lacked data-driven features. By 2012, Bordencea introduced
wireless networks for enhanced safety and convenience, though affordability remained a
challenge. Subsequent innovations focused on integrating Wi-Fi and sensor technologies, as
demonstrated by Folea et al. (2014), to improve energy efficiency. Asadullah and Raza (2016)
compared communication protocols, identifying Wi-Fi as the most versatile for home
automation.

The introduction of IoT platforms, such as ThingSpeak and Sinric Pro, further simplified device
control and real-time monitoring. Raj and Aadhithya (2021) incorporated smart energy meters
to address energy consumption, while Chakraborty and Aithal (2022) utilized virtual IoT
devices to facilitate experimentation without physical hardware. Recent advancements, such as
Saha and Emon's (2023) voice-controlled systems, highlight the push toward accessibility and
user-friendly interfaces. Despite these improvements, current systems often lack affordability,
real-time predictive analytics, and comprehensive energy monitoring capabilities, leaving room
for further innovation.

An Overview of Home Automation Systems:

As we all know about home automation and its popularity, how it's going and making our lives
more productive. There is a lot of use of IoT devices and advanced applications in forming
these systems. From monitoring to controlling, everything is controlled by the smart
applications. For communications between the applications and the home appliances, this can
be done by a number of wireless communications techniques like Zigbee, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,

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EnOcean, and GSM. Now in this resource we will see the comparison of these techniques with
one another by studying their features and working principles. From this we can be more
familiar with which technique is suitable for different appliances and using some other
techniques, what will be the advantages and disadvantages of using it [1].

IoT-Based Smart Home Automation:

Smart home automation uses advanced technology like IoT to remotely control home
appliances like fans, lighting, security systems from anywhere in the world. IoT connects the
devices to the internet, allowing for automated data exchange without human interference. In
this paper, various technologies like Bluetooth, GSM, Zigbee, and DTMF for home automation
are discussed for making lives better. [2]

Virtual IoT Device in C# WPF Using Sinric Pro:

The Internet of Things is quickly taking the lead in the field of industrial automation. A virtual
device that functions similarly to actual hardware can also be used for research. We may see
the operating load or device status that is being triggered by the IoT server or client endpoint.
It can be used for tests by researchers without an electrical background or without the necessary
skills to continue IoT research. We make use of Sinric Pro's client application. For ease of
comprehension, we made the client module simpler for novice IoT researchers. To show the
status of the devices in real life, we included a few graphical user components. It is possible to
modify the code. Approach, Methodology, and Design: Within the Sinric Pro IoT server, we
design and set up the gadget. To improve comprehension, download and modify the C client.
We included a few visual components to show the load's status. Next, we initiate the load from
any endpoint, such as a mobile application, the server dashboard, or Alexa. Results/Findings:
The GUI feature and a simple code structure for sending and receiving data to and from the
IoT server provide us with improved load status visibility. We make it simple to construct or
demonstrate IoT with this approach. [3]

Intelligent Home Automation Using IoT:

IoT-based smart home automation enables users to control household devices remotely through
a Wi-Fi network and the Blynk application. Here, the NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller
is used to manage connected appliances and store sensor data in the cloud for decision-making.
This IoT framework provides flexibility, remote access, and efficient control of devices to
improve the home environment. [4]

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Enhanced Smart Home Automation System based on Internet of Things:

To make life easier, the Internet of Things (IoT) links people with connected objects. The focus
of IoT has changed to "thing to thing." With the help of the Internet of Things, the smart home
concept makes our lives more comfortable and convenient. In this paper Iot based home
automation helps to reduces computation. [5]

The Management Device Group For Home Automation Network:

In intelligent home automation, sensing the data, modifying it, and then processing it has to be
done. Therefore, the communication and interconnections of the devices on a home network
have to be done nicely so that things go smoothly. Therefore, we need to make a proper
systematic design of the interconnection of networks and devices in HAN and then implement
it so that any member of the family can easily have access to the devices and can control
them.[6]

Smart home automation system using Wi-Fi low power devices:

Smart home automation is more common nowadays, that helps to make life easier and safer for
the users. These systems use different sensors to track objects distributed in three-dimensional
space like temperature, humidity, light, noise, and air quality. This research suggests a way to
turn an ordinary house into an energy-saving smart home by using wireless sensor networks
and the LabVIEW™ software to gather and manage data from the sensors. [7]

Towards Home automation: An IoT based home automation system control and security:

Smart home systems make users lives very useful and easy by making it secure and adding
extra features such as accessing it from a distance and controlling it. This system helps us to
remotely access devices such as fans, lamps, irrigation systems, etc., which have been
implemented in the smart homes. There are some applications, like ThingSpeak with BLYNK,
which are used for accessing these devices when certain conditions are met. Home security and
fire system can be also implemented in this work. [8]

Designing Of Smart Home Using IoT:

IoT enables smart homes with ESP8266, integrating cloud automation, manual controls, and
wireless appliance management for convenience and safety. This IoT paper focuses on building
an innovative wireless system that allows the owner to control the appliances of the place. The
most important aspect of this system is to incorporate smooth working of the automated

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appliances via both the internet and the manual control. The ESP 8266 is a low-cost
microcontroller that works on a 3.3V dc supply and has integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth
modules with built-in TCP/IP networking software. [9]

IoT Based Home Automation using ESP8266 & Google Home:

IoT enables affordable voice/text-controlled smart homes, offering remote appliance control,
scheduling, and accessibility for elderly and disabled users. [10]

Smart power meter monitoring system with home automation using IoT:

Smart Energy Meters utilize IoT to efficiently manage electricity consumption and control
appliances, ensuring comfort, security, and convenience at home. [11]

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 CHAPTER-3

METHODOLOGY

3.1. Proposed System

3.2. Hardware Requirements:
3.2.1. Node MCU (ESP8266) Development Board
3.2.2. 4-Channel Relay Module
3.2.3. Jumper Wire
3.2.4. 5V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter
3.2.5. Analog AC Current Sensor (20A)
3.2.6. ZMPT101B 230 volts AC Mains Voltage Sensor:
3.3. Software Requirement:
3.3.1 Arduino IDE - Compiler
3.3.2 Sinric Pro

3.1. Proposed System

This project uses the Cloud and a Web Browser to control the manually operated switches. A
cloud server is created for the environment where the switches are mounted. The switches are
interfaced with Node MCU which has an inbuilt Wi-Fi. It can use this to enable or disable the
switches. The user communicates with the processor through the Web Browser. The processor
then controls the switches based on the commands received from the user and also updates the
user about the status of the switches after the control operation is performed to the cloud.

3.2. Hardware Requirements

3.2.1. Node MCU (ESP8266) Development Board

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 Figure 3.1: NodeMCU ESP8266

NodeMCU (Node Microcontroller Unit) is an open-source Lua based firmware and

development board specially targeted for IoT based Applications. It includes firmware that runs
on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the ESP-
12 module.

The NodeMCU ESP8266 development board comes with the ESP-12E module containing the
ESP8266 chip having Tensilica Xtensa 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor. This
microprocessor supports RTOS and operates at 80MHz to 160 MHz adjustable clock frequency.
NodeMCU has 128 KB RAM and 4MB of Flash memory to store data and programs. Its high
processing power with in-built Wi-Fi / Bluetooth and Deep Sleep Operating features make it
ideal for IoT projects.

NodeMCU can be powered using a Micro USB jack and VIN pin (External Supply Pin). It
supports UART, SPI, and I2C interface.

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Power Pins There are four power pins. VIN pin and three 3.3V pins.

VIN can be used to directly supply the NodeMCU/ESP8266 and its peripherals. Power
delivered on VIN is regulated through the onboard regulator on the NodeMCU module
you can also supply 5V regulated to the VIN pin

3.3V pins are the output of the onboard voltage regulator and can be used to supply
power to external components.

GND are the ground pins of NodeMCU/ESP8266

I2C Pins are used to connect I2C sensors and peripherals. Both I2C Master and I2C Slave are
supported. I2C interface functionality can be realized programmatically, and the clock
frequency is 100 kHz at a maximum. It should be noted that I2C clock frequency should be
higher than the slowest clock frequency of the slave device.

GPIO Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 has 17 GPIO pins which can be assigned to functions such
as I2C, I2S, UART, PWM, IR Remote Control, LED Light and Button programmatically. Each
digital enabled GPIO can be configured to internal pull-up or pull-down, or set to high
impedance. When configured as an input, it can also be set to edge-trigger or level-trigger to
generate CPU interrupts.

ADC Channel The NodeMCU is embedded with a 10-bit precision SAR ADC. The two
functions can be implemented using ADC. Testing power supply voltage of VDD3P3 pin and
testing input voltage of TOUT pin. However, they cannot be implemented at the same time.

UART Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 has 2 UART interfaces (UART0 and UART1) which provide
asynchronous communication (RS232 and RS485), and can communicate at up to 4.5 Mbps.
UART0 (TXD0, RXD0, RST0 & CTS0 pins) can be used for communication. However,
UART1 (TXD1 pin) features only data transmit signal so, it is usually used for printing log.

SPI Pins NodeMCU/ESP8266 features two SPIs (SPI and HSPI) in slave and master modes.
These SPIs also support the following general-purpose SPI features:

− 4 timing modes of the SPI format transfer

− Up to 80 MHz and the divided clocks of 80 MHz
− Up to 64-Byte FIFO

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SDIO Pins NodeMCU ESP8266 features Secure Digital Input/Output Interface (SDIO) which
is used to directly interface SD cards. 4-bit 25 MHz SDIO v1.1 and 4-bit 50 MHz SDIO v2.0
are supported.

PWM Pins The board has 4 channels of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The PWM output
can be implemented programmatically and used for driving digital motors and LEDs. PWM
frequency range is adjustable from 1000 μs to 10000 μs (100 Hz and 1 kHz).

Control Pins are used to control the NodeMCU/ESP8266. These pins include Chip Enable pin
(EN), Reset pin (RST) and WAKE pin.

− EN: The ESP8266 chip is enabled when EN pin is pulled HIGH. When pulled LOW
the chip works at minimum power.
− RST: RST pin is used to reset the ESP8266 chip.
− WAKE: Wake pin is used to wake the chip from deep-sleep.

3.2.2. 4-Channel Relay Module

The relay is that device that open or closes the contacts to cause the operation of the opposite
electric control. It detects the intolerable or unwanted condition with an assigned area and gives
the commands to the circuit breaker to disconnect the affected area. Thus isolates the system
from damage.

Figure 3.2. 5V 4-Channel Relay Module Figure 3.3 Four-Channel Relay Module Pinout

The 4 Channel Relay Module may be a convenient board which may be used to control high
voltage, high current load like motor, solenoid valves, lamps and AC load. It is designed to

10
transmit and receive data with Microcontroller such as Arduino, PIC and etc. The relay's
terminal (COM, NO and NC) is being brought out with screw terminal. It it also comes with a
LED indicator to indicate the status of relay.

A relay module is an electrical switch that is operated by an electromagnet. The electromagnet

gets activated by a separate low-power signal from a micro controller. When activated, the
electromagnet pulls to either open or close n circuit.

A simple relay consists of wire coil wrapped around a soft iron core, or solenoid, an iron yoke
that delivers a less reluctance path for the magnetic lines of forces, a movable iron armature
and one or more sets of contacts. The movable armature is then hinged to the yoke and linked
to one or more set of the moving contacts. Held in situ by a spring, the armature leaves a gap
within the magnetic circuit when the relay is de-energized. While in this position, one of the
two sets of contacts is closed while the other set remains open.

When electrical current is passed through a coil, it generates a magnetic flux that successively
activates the armature. This movement of the movable contacts makes or breaks a reference to
the fixed contact. When the relay is de-energized, the sets of contacts

3.2.3. Jumper Wire

A jump wire (also known as jumper, jumper wire, jumper cable, DuPont wire or cable) is an
electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes
without them - simply "tinned"), which is normally used to interconnect the components of a
breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components,
without soldering.

Types of Jumper Wire

Jumper wires typically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female and female- to-
female. The difference between each is in the end point of the wire. Male ends have a pin
protruding and can plug into things, while female ends do not and are used to plug things into.
Male-to-male jumper wires are the most common and what you likely will use most often.
When connecting two ports on a breadboard, a male-to-male wire is what you'll need.

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 Figure.3.4. Male-to-Male Figure 3.5. Male-to-Female Figure 3.6. Female-to-Female

3.2.4. 5V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter

This AC to DC power supply will do 5V at IA! They're switch mode power supplies Which
means the output is regulated to 5V (no more 14V outputs!). These have a standard USB 'A'
connector for the output so you can power your Arduino, Raspberry Pi, etc. through a USB
cable.

Specifications:-
− Input Voltage (V): 100-280 VAC @50-60Hz.
− Input current (mA): 100.
− Output Power: 5V IA.
− Input Plug: 2-Pin EU type.
− Output Plug: 5.5mm DC plug.
Figure 3.7. 5V 1Amp AC To DC Adapter

3.2.5. Analog AC Current Sensor (20A)

Analog AC Current Sensor simplifies the process of measuring AC current by eliminating the
need for cutting wires, rewiring, or soldering. Simply clamp the AC transformer probe on the
AC line, and then plug the 3.5mm headphone jack into the signal conversion module to read
the current AC current value. The analog output is designed to be compatible with 3V3/5V
micro-controller. It can be conveniently used for AC current measurement to monitor AC
motors, lighting equipment, air compressors, etc.

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 Figure 3.8. CT Clamp Figure 3.9. AC Current Sensor

Pin Description

Label Name Function Description

1 - GND
2 + Power Input (3.3V-5.5V)
3 A Signal Output (0.2-2.8VDC)
4 Φ3.5mm 3P plug AC Transformer Input Signal

Table 3.1. Pin description for AC Current Sensor

FEATURES

a) Non-contact measurement, high safety

b) Multiple ranges for various measurement scenarios
c) Compatible with 3V3/5V micro-controller

APPLICATIONS

a) AC motor automatic monitoring

b) Lighting and electrical equipment measurement

SPECIFICATION

AC Current Signal Conversion Module

a) Input Voltage (VCC): 3.3V-5.5V

b) Interface: Gravity Analog (PH2.0-3P，analog voltage output 0.2-2.8V DC)
c) AC Voltage Input Range: 0-1V (AC RMS)
d) Relative Error: ±4%

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 e) Dimension: 32×27 mm /1.26×1.06 in
f) Weight: 5g

Open Type AC Transformer Probe

a) AC Current Range: 0-20A

b) Signal Output (standard Φ3.5mm 3P plug): 0-1V AC voltage, linear
corresponding range 0-20A
c) Accuracy: ±1%
d) Non-linearity: ≤±0.2%
e) Frequency Range: 50Hz~1kHz
f) Cable Length: 1m
g) Working Temperature: -25 ℃~+70 ℃
h) Opening Size: 13×13 mm / 0.51×0.51 in
i) Weight: 50g

3.2.6. ZMPT101B 230 Volts AC Mains Voltage Sensor

This module is based on a high precision ZMPT101B voltage Transformer. This module makes
it easy to monitor AC mains voltage up to 250 volts. This module comes with Multi-turn trim
pot which can be used for adjusting the Analog output. Using ZMPT101B AC Voltage Sensor
you can easily measure main voltage using Arduino or even Raspberry Pi (external ADC
required).

Figure 3.10 Voltage Sensor

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Features of ZMPT101B AC voltage sensor Module

a) Voltage up to 250 volts can be measured

b) Light weight with on-board micro-precision voltage transformer
c) High precision on-board op-amp circuit
d) Operating temperature: 40ºC ~ + 70ºC
e) Supply voltage 5 volts to 30 volts

Advantages of ZMPT101B AC voltage sensor

a) Analog output corresponding quantity can be adjusted.

b) PCB board size: 49.5 (mm) x19.4 (mm)
c) Good consistency, for voltage and power measurement
d) Very efficient and accuracy

3.3. Software Requirement

3.3.1. Arduino IDE – Compiler

The Arduino IDE (integrated development environment) is a cross-platform application that is
written in the functions from C, C++ and JAVA. The Arduino IDEis an derivative of Processing
IDE. The Arduino IDE is used for easy to write and upload programs in Arduino boards by
using an cable that was connected between board and IDE. The operating system of Arduino
software is Windows, Mac OS and Linux.

setup(): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can initialize settings.

Loop(): s function called repeatedly until the boards power off.

The system is controlled using a Web Page which is based on IoT platform. The intended device
can be powered ON or OFF using the above application. Also, it provides the facility to set the
intensities of different appliances. The system becomes platform independent due to the use of
a web application. It can be operated from any location by just opening the IOT platform web
application. The web application also serves as a platform for managing the devices and the
data.

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 Figure 3.11. Arduino IDE

Node MCU Code Via Arduino IDE

To code Node MCU via Arduino IDE, the Node MCU needs to be added to Arduino IDE library
first by adding this address to Arduino IDE preferences. After this reference is added to Arduino
IDE, download node MCU to boards manager and then select Node MCU 1.0 (ESP12E
Module). After node MCU is added to Arduino IDE library, upload this code with changing
hotspot name and password.

The code includes the hotspot name password match with the android. The code does not need
to identify the relay input, as it is included in [Arduino IDE]. When access point is given by
the microcontroller sent as password and SSID is the name of smart phone hotspot.

3.3.2. Sinric Pro

Sinric Pro is a platform that allows you to connect your IoT devices to Amazon Alexa, Google
Home, Smart Things, IFTTT, Node-RED, and other platforms.

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 Figure 3.12. Sinric Pro

In home automation, Sinric Pro is a platform that allows you to control and monitor smart
devices using Node MCU, an IoT development board. With Sinric Pro, you can integrate
various smart devices like lights, switches, and sensors into a unified system. It provides APIs
and libraries to connect Node MCU to the Sinric Pro cloud, enabling you to control and monitor
these devices remotely through voice commands or mobile apps. This makes it easy to create
a versatile and customizable home automation system with Node MCU and Sinric Pro. Sinric
Pro supports a wide range of IOT devices, including lights, switches, sensors, and thermostats.
It also supports a variety of protocols, including Wi- Fi, BLE, and MQTT.

Sinric Pro Features:

1. Device Integration: Sinric Pro enables you to connect and control a wide range of loT
devices, including lights, switches, sensors, and more, through popular platforms like
Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant.
2. Voice Control: It allows you to control your connected devices via voice commands,
making it easy to create voice-activated smart home applications.
3. Cross-Platform Compatibility: It supports both Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant,
ensuring compatibility with popular voice assistants.
4. Customizable: You can create custom voice commands and responses for your devices,
offering flexibility in how you interact with your smart home setup.
5. Cloud-Based: It is cloud-based, which means you don't need to set up and maintain your
server infrastructure for device control.
6. Security: It employs security measures to protect your devices and data, ensuring a safe and
reliable IOT ecosystem.

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7. Extensive Device Library: Sinric Pro offers support for a wide variety of devices, making
it suitable for a broad spectrum of smart home applications.
8. 8. API and SDK: It provides APIs and SDKs for developers, making it easy to integrate
Sinric Pro into your own projects and applications.
9. Community Support: There is an active user community and documentation available to
help you get started and troubleshoot any issues.
10. Easy to use: Sinric Pro is easy to set up and use. You can get started in minutes with the
Sinric Pro app or by using the Sinric Pro API.
11. Supports a wide range of devices: Sinric Pro supports a wide range of IoT devices,
including lights, switches, sensors, and thermostats.
12. Supports a variety of protocols: Sinric Pro supports a variety of protocols, including Wi-Fi,
BLE, and MQTT.

How Sinric Pro Works:

1. Device Setup: To get started, you'll need to add your IoT devices to the Sinric Pro platform.
This involves registering your devices and providing the necessary details.
2. Voice Assistant Integration: You can then integrate your devices with voice assistants like
Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant. This step allows you to control your devices using
voice commands.
3. Customization: You have the flexibility to create custom voice commands and responses
for your devices, tailoring the user experience to your preferences.
4. Voice Control: Once your devices are set up and integrated with voice assistants, you can
control them using voice commands through your preferred voice assistant device, such as
an Amazon Echo or Google Home.
5. Application Development: If you're a developer, you can take advantage of Sinric Pro's
APIs and SDKs to build custom smart home applications and integrate IoT devices into
your projects.
6. Cloud-Based Control: Sinric Pro manages the communication between your voice assistant
and IOT devices via the cloud, eliminating the need for you to set up and maintain a server
infrastructure.

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 CHAPTER-4

SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1. Block Diagram

4.2. Flow Chart

4.1. Block Diagram

This block diagram here represents the architecture of the system which can monitor the home
appliances and also control real time energy consumption i.e. Intelligent home automation. In
the block diagram NodeMCU ESP8266 works like a central unit and ensures connection
between user cloud platform and appliances. Also, it has inbuilt Wi-Fi which helps in
communication. The mobile applications are used by the user to control and monitor their
appliances remotely via Sinric pro, which is the cloud platform used to store real time energy
consumption. Beside mobile application there is a physical switch so that user can control
appliances manually in case network issue happens. Now Sinric pro giving command via
NodeMCU to relay module which acts as a switch and does activation and deactivation of
appliances. Further the smart meter which plays important role in measuring real time energy
consumption of appliances and sending it to cloud based platform for analysis. This block
diagram shows how the system in so convenient as well as affordable and energy efficient.

Figure 4.1. Block Diagram of the Proposed System

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Working of the System and Data Collection Process
The Intelligent Home Automation System integrates IoT technology to enable remote control,
monitoring, and energy data collection for household appliances.

Mobile Application:
Users interact with the system through a mobile application. They send commands (e.g., turn
ON/OFF appliances) and monitor appliance statuses. The mobile app acts as the interface
between the user and the system, transmitting instructions to the Sinric Pro platform.

Sinric Pro:
This cloud-based platform serves as the communication bridge between the mobile application
and the hardware components of the system. It relays user commands from the mobile app to
the NodeMCU ESP8266 and receives real-time status updates and energy consumption data
from the system for display to the user.

NodeMCU ESP8266:
The NodeMCU functions as the central controller of the system. It receives user commands
from Sinric Pro and processes them to operate the relay or smart meter. It also collects real-
time energy consumption data from the smart meter and forwards it to Sinric Pro for cloud
storage and further analysis.

Relay Module:
Based on the commands from the NodeMCU, the relay controls the connected appliances (e.g.,
turning them ON/OFF). The relay ensures the seamless execution of commands for efficient
device control.

Smart Meter:
The smart meter continuously monitors the power consumption of connected appliances. It
provides precise, real-time data on energy usage, which is sent to the NodeMCU for processing.
This data is critical for identifying usage patterns and enabling future AI-based energy
optimization.

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Appliances:
Appliances (e.g., lights, fans) are the endpoints of the system. They perform the automated
tasks as per user commands. Their energy consumption is tracked by the smart meter.

Physical Switch:
For redundancy and manual operation, the physical switch allows users to control appliances
directly. This switch does not affect the data collection process, ensuring uninterrupted energy
monitoring.

Data Collection Functionality

a) Energy Monitoring: The smart meter measures the energy consumption of each
connected appliance in real-time.
b) Data Transmission: The NodeMCU sends this data to the Sinric Pro platform, where
it is stored in the cloud for further analysis.
c) User Access: The collected data can be accessed via the mobile application, providing
users with insights into energy usage patterns.
This approach ensures that the system not only automates appliances but also builds a robust
dataset for future analysis and AI-based energy optimization in the next phase of the project.

4.2. Flow Chart

This flow chart represents a structured approach to integrating voice commands with smart
home automation. This system exemplifies the convergence of IoT and natural language
processing technologies Beyond integration with voice commands. Also, by increasing voice
recognition, dependency of the system on manual controls can be reduced, thereby increasing
accessibility and convenience. Additionally, there is a text-matching technique ensuring only
valid commands should be executed, enhancing accuracy as well as security. This structure
also talks about the connectivity verification, emphasizing robust communication between the
Wi-Fi module and the controlling application. Therefore, this integration lays the foundation
for future advancements in AI-driven home automation.

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 Start

Open Application

Select Wi-Fi module

Device No
If Wi-Fi module is
Disconnected connected or not?

Yes

Give voice command to switch device

on/off

Voice and button converted to text by

app

Text matching with code

No For voice
If text matches? commands retry
only
Yes

Execute commands

Stop

Figure 4.2. Flow Chart of the system

The above flowchart outlines the process of voice-controlled device automation in the
Intelligent Home Automation System.
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 − Start: The process begins with the user opening the mobile application for
device control.
− Open Application: The application provides the interface for interaction with
the system, allowing users to connect to the Wi-Fi module and issue commands.

− Select Wi-Fi Module: The user selects the appropriate Wi-Fi module
(NodeMCU ESP8266) to establish a connection with the home automation
system.
Check Wi-Fi Module Connection:

− If Connected: The process continues to accept user commands.

− If Not Connected: The system notifies the user of a disconnection, prompting
them to reconnect.
− Give Voice Command: The user provides a voice command to control the
appliances (e.g., switch ON/OFF).
− Voice Command Conversion: The voice input is processed and converted into
text by the mobile application. This ensures the command can be matched
against predefined system codes.
− Text Matching: The system checks if the converted text matches any
predefined commands in its database.
− If Matched: The process proceeds to execute the command.
− If Not Matched: The user is prompted to retry the voice command for better
accuracy.
− Execute Command: If the text matches, the system sends the appropriate signal
to the connected device (via the relay module) to perform the action (e.g.,
turning an appliance ON/OFF).
− End: Once the command is executed successfully, the process terminates.

This flowchart ensures a seamless user experience, with steps for error handling (voice
command retries) and device connectivity verification, enabling effective voice-based home
automation.

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 CHAPTER-5

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

5.1. Light Control Test Results

5.2. System Analysis
5.3. The Final Hardware Circuit Connections

5.1. Light Control Test Results

The Light Control Test is done by pressing the ON/OFF button widget on the Web
application on the respective Android smart phone/Pc for lights and fans. This is done
after the system is turned on and connected to a Wi-Fi internet connection. If at any time
the internet connection is lost or bad signal, then it also affects system performance.

5.2. System Analysis

From testing the entire system above, the smart home works according to the purpose of
this project. Comparison of this research with previous studies, namely this study uses
control buttons, thus increasing the diversity of the smart home system itself. Also, used
a microcontroller that is different from previous studies that is the Node MCU ESP8266
module which has advantages compared to other microcontrollers. The smart home has
been successfully built with hardware arranged in such a way that it can achieve results
that are as expected. In this case the hardware plays a very important role as the main
device is the Node MCU ESP8266 module. The advantages of using the Node MCU
ESP8266 are more practical than buying various components and then assembling them
by yourself.

5.3. The Final Hardware Circuit Connections

Using components and materials mentioned above. Figure below shows the project that's

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used as an (IOT) system controlled by Web application. Loads used in this project are
bulbs, they can be changed with other devices by changing appliances with AC plugs to
connect home-use devices or equipment.
4-Channel Relay module is interfaced with the Node MCU and Four AC power loads
are connected to the Relay i.e. at IN1, IN2, IN3,IN4. User can operate this loads using
GUI/Web Server. Appliances can be turned ON/OFF by sending On/OFF commands
from the web application. The processor then controls the switches based on the
commands received from the user and also updates the user about the status of the
switches after the control operation is performed to the cloud.

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 CHAPTER-6

CONCLUSION

6.1 Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion

From testing the Smart Home system powered by the Internet of Things (IoT) and the
Node MCU ESP8266 module, we draw several important conclusions:

1. The Smart Home system, built with a blend of hardware and software, integrates
seamlessly into a connected environment where all appliances and devices are easily
controlled via a web application. This system gives users the flexibility to manage and
monitor their home appliances, such as lights, fans, temperature, and even early
warning systems, from anywhere.
2. The system’s main goal is to make life easier for users by offering control over home
devices using a web application, accessible from both mobile phones and desktops. By
optimizing energy consumption, the system saves both time and money, making
everyday life more efficient.
3. Leveraging IoT technology with the Node MCU ESP8266 module, the system
simplifies home management, creating an intelligent and sustainable environment
where everything runs more smoothly and efficiently.
4. Looking ahead, we have collected valuable data on energy usage, which we plan to use
in training an AI model. This AI will analyze the data, learning from it to predict energy
consumption patterns and suggest cost-effective strategies. By examining user habits
and seasonal changes, the AI will help users understand how to manage their energy
use more efficiently. As we continue gathering data and refining the AI, the system will
become more adaptive and intelligent, predicting future needs and guiding users
towards smarter, more sustainable energy use.

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 CHAPTER-7

FUTURE SCOPE

7.1. Future Scope

7.1. Future Scope

As we move towards the next phase of the Intelligent Home Automation project, the collection
of real-time data will play a pivotal role in training an AI model designed to make intelligent
predictions about energy usage and cost management. By analyzing patterns in user behavior
and energy consumption, the AI will be able to predict fee structures and energy consumption
based on various factors, including seasonal changes.

For example, the AI will learn to estimate how much energy can be consumed within a specific
budget, taking into account the time of year, typical usage behavior, and fluctuations in
electricity rates. During hotter months, it might anticipate higher usage for cooling, while in
colder months, heating demands could increase. The system would then predict the associated
costs, allowing users to plan their energy consumption more efficiently.

Additionally, the AI will analyze user behavior patterns over time to offer suggestions for cost-
saving opportunities, such as adjusting appliance usage during peak hours or shifting energy-
intensive tasks to more affordable periods. As the system learns from this data, it will
continuously improve its predictions, making it a valuable tool for both cost optimization and
smarter energy management.

Ultimately, by incorporating this predictive AI capability, the system will empower users to
make informed decisions about their energy consumption, enhancing both financial efficiency
and environmental sustainability. The future scope of this project thus includes a home that not
only reacts to real-time data but anticipates and adapts to future needs, ensuring optimal
performance and savings year-round.

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