1. Which pair shows the least interest in the idea of making or having friends at work?

A. Jade Wilson and Dana Daniel

B. Ken Mitchell and Jade Wilson
C. Dana Daniel and Kim Adams
D. Kim Adams and Jade Wilson
E. Elsa Forges and Dana Daniel

2. The word “liability” in Judy Murdoch’s post means …

A. something that contains many benefits
B. a thing that puts one in a disadvantageous position
C. fear that something bad is going to happen
D. the quality of being well-meaning and friendly
E. violent uncontrollable anger
3. The word “complex” in Elsa Forges’ post is closest in meaning to …
A. complicated
B. simple
C. network
D. hang-up
E. composite

4. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the opinion thread?

A. Socializing makes working more fun and tolerable to some people.
B. Having no friends is not a disadvantage if one can perform up to standards.
C. The ability of making friends at work determines whether or not someone deserves a
promotion.
D. Friends at work can turn out to be the biggest backstabbers.
E. It is better to focus on work because friends come and go anyway.

5. Kim Adams does not have friends at work because …

A. She is not there to socialize.
B. She thinks friends come and go.
C. She is content with being an introvert.
D. She does not have anything in common with them.
E. She thinks having friends is a liability.

Text 1
By 2025, Gen Z will account for one-third of the workforce, according to the World Economic
Forum. Yet attracting, managing, and retaining these younger workers will take a different
approach, according to Tara Salinas, a professor of business ethics at the University of San
Diego. While this generation has well-honed technological skills, she said organizations will need
to accommodate a decided lack of other competencies that are necessary to be successful.

“Gen Z are digital natives and they’ve always communicated online, so their interpersonal skills,
or soft skills, have suffered,” said Salinas. “They took an even bigger hit because of Covid-19,
and it has shifted the way that we need to interact with them in the workplace.”

Companies need to refine their approach to working with Gen Z, Salinas said, and tech tools like
ChatGPT and social media like TikTok could help make them successful. Mentorship programs
and organizational culture will also be important.

Gen Z may be the first generation to enter the workforce with native digital skills, but Salinas
said that’s at the expense of in-person communication and interpersonal dynamics, which don’t
come easy to them. To manage these workers effectively and set them up for success,
companies need to meet them where they are. In return, Gen Z can provide companies with
indispensable knowledge of social media and newer artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT.
 Mentorship becomes critical for workers who want opportunities to learn more, but can also
offer older employees some exposure to new technologies. “It works both ways for Gen Z.
Normally, we think of a mentor as an older person mentoring a younger person. Flip that for
Gen Z,” Salinas said. “Gen Z employees can also mentor more seasoned employees on the tech
they don’t understand yet.”

Text 2
According to Miro’s new Soft Skills Report, 90% of Gen Z knowledge workers say they’ll likely or
definitely learn new skills in the next year to help “recession-proof” their roles. Despite Gen Z’s
hunger to learn hard skills, their soft skills often need the most development. For example,
many young professionals struggle to collaborate effectively, with 61% saying they’ve had a
project negatively impact relationships with coworkers they got along with before. What specific
help does Gen Z need, and how can managers support them?

(1) As is already common for hard skills, employers can also offer training on topics like
communication, negotiation, networking, public speaking, and conflict resolution. Lessons on
adaptive communication skills are particularly useful for diverse, intergenerational teams.

(2) Gen Z employees are ambitious and value transparent communication. That’s why managers
should help this cohort understand why skills like relationship-building and collaboration are key
to success, both for the business and their own career progression. You can strengthen their
emotional intelligence by communicating how their actions impact the broader team. Schedule
regular check-ins and provide specific, constructive feedback about what your employees can do
to improve.

(3) Managers can lead by example by baking trust and connection into how teams operate on a
daily basis, whether it’s during a project kickoff, weekly sync, or informal team celebration.
Design meetings that build camaraderie and create opportunities for collaborative problem-
solving.

(4) Consider establishing mentorship and buddy programs that foster connections across
generations and amongst peers. This lets Gen Z employees know they have a broad support
system to turn to; they’re not left adrift to figure things out on their own.

6. How are Text 1 and Text 2 related?

A. Both texts talk about Gen Z employees and their lack of soft skills.
B. Both texts talk about how to help Gen Z become effective communicators.
C. Text 1 talks about Gen Z’s lack of soft skills whereas Text 2 talks about how to help Gen Z
employees develop their soft skills.
D. Text 1 talks about the benefits of hiring Gen Z employees and Text 2 talks about helping Gen
Z better their soft skills.
E. Both texts talk about how to help Gen Z employees develop their soft skills.
 7. The following are TRUE about Text 2, EXCEPT...
A. Adaptive communication can prove to be beneficial for working in diverse and
intergenerational teams.
B. Sense of belonging in a team can be created if managers invite their teams to baking
sessions.
C. Connections across generations can be fostered through mentorship and buddy programs.
D. Relationship-building and collaboration skills are essential for ensuring success in business
and overall career.
E. Camaraderie can happen through events where collaborative problem-solving is needed.

8. What is the main idea of Text 1?

A. In order to work well with Gen Z employees, companies need to adjust their approach.
B. Gen Z can be relied on only when it comes to technological skills.
C. Gen Z is required to have good interpersonal skills on top of their technological skills in
order to succeed career-wise.
D. Gen Z may be the first generation to enter the workforce with native digital skills.
E. Gen Z can provide companies with indispensable knowledge of social media and newer
artificial intelligence tools.

9. Based on both texts, it can be inferred that …

A. Gen Z employees are more likely to look for jobs that do not require them to come to the
workplace.
B. All Gen Z struggle with collaborating effectively in teams due their lack of interpersonal
skills.
C. Lessons on adaptive communication skills are particularly useful for diverse,
intergenerational teams.
D. Companies are more hesitant to hire Gen Z employees because they can only offer
technological skills.
E. Relationship-building skills and collaboration are key to being successful in one’s career.

10. How can Gen Z employees strengthen their EQ (emotional quotient)?

A. By scheduling regular visits to the therapist and opening up about themselves.
B. By understanding how their actions can impact the team in a broader sense.
C. By communicating frequently to other employees that are older than them.
D. By baking trust and connection into how teams operate on a daily basis.
E. By establishing mentoring and buddy programs between Gen Z employees and their peers.

Covid-19 and the ugly truth about Indonesian education

(1) The disparity in Indonesian education has widened since the Covid-19 pandemic began spreading its
power. Countless schools have closed, and five months later doubts linger as to when things will return
to normal. Some schools in areas where infections are very low have gradually resumed classes, but it
does not mean the problem has gone away.
(2) Last week the Federation of Indonesian Teachers Associations said at least 42 teachers have died due
to the coronavirus and hundreds havebeen infected. It added weight to a recent study that said over 70
percent of schools were not ready to implement social distancing protocols.

(3) A closer look, however, shows it as an additional problem but one which has laid bare inherent
failures and an ugly reality within the education system. When the government instructed schools to
switch to distance learning in March, only a few schools were ready and most of them were in cities. For
urban schools with adequate equipment and a better internet connection, conducting online lessons
was not so much an issue. It was a severe problem for schools in remote areas that lacked internet
connections or electricity and where not many people have smartphones.

(4) A lack of quality teachers is another problem. Indonesia has over three million primary and
secondary school teachers, more than half of whom are not certified, according to government figures.
This is because in many parts of the country schools lacked teachers. To address this, many non-
permanent people were hired whose main qualification was a passion for teaching. During the
pandemic, these teachers have suffered the most as they are paid based on classroom attendance,
while full-time qualified teachers have had their pay cut.

(5) There is also an unfair distribution of basic school infrastructure in many parts of the country, with
schools in rural areas playing second fiddle to urban ones. This is something that the government has
failed to solve in the 75 years since becoming independent.

(6) For schools beleaguered by the pandemic, this is only a temporary reprieve as the underlying
problems still need addressing. Undeniably, online learning has the potential to create or widen social
and economic disparity. For the haves, it is not a problem, but for the have-nots the burden is heavier
because they will have to obtain the computers, mobile phones and internet packages to be able to
learn.

(7) On Aug. 14, President Joko Widodo said the government was committed to improving the country’s
education and would spend 37 billion USD , or 20 percent of the state budget, on education next year,
up from 34.5 billion USD this year. He said the money will be used to carry out educational reforms
through the transformation of school managers and teachers, and the acceleration of improving the
quality of educational facilities and infrastructure, especially in disadvantaged, rural and remote areas.

(8) One can only hope this money goes to where it is supposed to and does not fall prey to the corrupt,
which has happened so often in the past.

11. .... was mentioned as an example of school being unprepared for applying the protocol.
A. Unfair distribution of basic tools
B. Government hiring non-permanent teachers
C. Government to spend 20% of the national budget
D. The fact that 42 teachers getting infected
E. The distance learning policy
 12. In paragraph 8, the author implies that…
A. There have been corruption cases in Indonesia.
B. There was a little corruption problem in the past.
C. There was rarely a corruption case in Indonesia.
D. The corruption in the education sector has been rampant.
E. The corruption in the education sector can be overcome.

13. The author’s attitude towards the current educational system in Indonesia is...
A. contradictory
B. neutral
C. supportive
D. satirical
E. contemptuous

14. The word beleaguered (paragraph 6) most nearly means…

A. Usual
B. principal
C. struggling
D. controlling
E. prevailing

15. If the author were to ask President Joko Widodo, he would probably be most interested in the
answer to which of the following questions?
A. What kind of help does the government offer?
B. Which school will the government prioritize for assistance?
C. What measures will the government take to supervise the budget spending?
D. What technology will the government apply to address the problem?
E. Who will be involved in realizing the infrastructure needed?

Read the text below and choose the correct answer to the following question!

(1) Preschool age is less a concrete number than it is a state of mind. Children typically start their
preschool at the age of 3 or 4. However, it is something that parents need to figure out. The skills that a
child should cultivate prior to kindergarten are more about socializing. Learning how to read, write, and
count is the second priority. In other words, children may know alphabets, numbers, but they still need
a little extra emotional support that you can get in child care but will not be as readily available in
preschool. The misconception that there is an ideal preschool-age rests in a misunderstanding of the
difference between the quality of child care and preschool.

(2) “Child care provides preschool, but preschool doesn’t provide care,” explains Nikki Darling-Kuria,
program manager of professional development at child-development nonprofit Zero to Three and
author of Brain-Based Early Learning Activities: Connecting Theory and Practice. Darling-Kuria notes that
parents who already have their child in good child-care do not necessarily need to transition to
preschool at all. In child care, children will earn the ability to play, communicate, and collaborate with
others, the ability to listen to and follow instructions, and the ability to wait in line or sit still. These
essential skills are already aligned with the skills required to enter kindergarten. “High-quality child care
means children are able to receive care but they’re getting it in the form of high-quality environments
where relationships are key,” she says. “Those relationships set them up for good learning for the rest of
their life.” Knowing the alphabet, colors, and shapes, and being able to count often feel important, but
research hasn’t borne out that these are essential skills for future success. After all, the purpose of
kindergarten is to make sure all children have the same foundation before entering the first grade no
matter what skills they have developed before kindergarten.

(3) Many preschools offer excellent opportunities to build the social and play skills children need to be
successful. Others are important in that they offer children a faith-based foundation consistent with
their cultural expectations. However, making the transition to a preschool is less about reaching a
preschool age and more about making sure a child has been emotionally prepared to make the
transition away from their child-care setting.

(4) Many preschools ask that children have a certain level of independence before entry. They may need
to be reliably potty trained, able to feed themselves, or capable of washing their hands. Because
children reach these milestones at wildly different ages, it’s possible that some children might be ready
to enter preschool at 30 months. Other children may not be ready until they are over 4 years old. More
important than skills, however, is understanding whether both children and parents are ready to make a
transition. In some cases transitioning a child away from child care that’s already providing good social
education opportunities can be traumatic, and some parents who have children at home may simply not
be ready to separate from their child.

(5) Regardless of age, experts agree that whether a child stays in a high-quality child-care environment
or enters preschool, relationships are key. “Find a preschool with low teacher-child ratios so the teacher
has time to nurture each individual child,” says Christine Kyriakakos Martin, founder and owner of
Sunshine Preschool in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and author of You’ve Got This! Keys to Effective
Parenting for the Early Years. “The most important factor is finding a safe, nurturing environment where
your child can feel comfortable to trust their caregiver. Children grow socially, emotionally, and
cognitively when they bond with a familiar caregiver.”

16. The first paragraph tells that ...

A. Children are prioritized to learn alphabets and numbers in preschool.
B. Children have wide opportunities to develop social skills in child care.
C. Enrolling children to a preschool program is not based on age.
D. Preschools commonly see children’s responsibility towards themselves.
E. Every child is able to establish social skills at different ages.

17. According to the text, how does child care differ from preschool?
A. Child care is the first obligatory stage of child's education, while experts do not suggest that
preschool is a must.
B. Prior to entering child care, caregivers will examine children's independence, unlike
preschool that gives counting numbers test.
C. Either preschool or child care provides the same teaching methods to help them interact
well with each other.
 D. Children get more emotional supports in developing their socialization skills in child care
instead of preschool.
E. Preschool motivates children to read, write, and count, while speaking and listening skills
are taught in child care.

18. What did the experts say about the right time for children to join a preschool program?
A. There is not a specific age for children to go to a preschool program unless they have been
mentally and socially prepared.
B. Children have to be trained to take care and be responsible for themselves before entering
kindergarten.
C. The age of 3 and 4 is the ideal age for children to develop their social skills in preschool
settings.
D. Parents must enroll their children in a preschool program after they have earned social skills
from child care.
E. Children must go to a child-care program beforehand to establish their social skills; then,
parents can do a transition to a preschool for their children.

19. Which of the following information is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A. The skills which children will acquire in child care.
B. The importance of children establishing relationships.
C. Several differences between child care and preschool.
D. The proper timing for children to join a preschool.
E. A list of tasks for children in a preschool program.

20. The word 'nurture' in paragraph 5 means ....

A. look after
B. get along with
C. embrace
D. befriend
E. neglect
 Date Comment
Joseph
Baker The two-state solution is the only viable option for achieving a lasting peace
between Israelis and Palestinians. It is the best way to ensure that both peoples
Posted on have a sovereign state and that the basic rights and needs of both Israelis and
Palestinians are met, including their right to self-determination, security, and
Mon, 11/26 freedom.
06:45 PM
Maazin al-
Meskin The two-state solution is a way for a peaceful resolution to the long-standing
conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. It will reduce tensions and promote
Posted on stability in the region. The two-state solution is also consistent with international
law and United Nations resolutions, providing a legal and moral basis for
Mon, 11/26 resolving the conflict.
11:30 PM
Admon
Wiezman Historic Palestine belonged to the Jewish people in the first place and the creation
of Palestine should be opposed. The two-state solution is dead. With the
Posted on increasing expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank, it is also no longer
Tue, 11/27 relevant to the political and economic reality of the region.
8:32 AM
Waliyya el-
Farran The two-state solution is a mirage that has been used to avoid taking real action
to end the occupation and grant Palestinians their freedom and independence. It
Posted on seems like a compromise on Palestinian right to self-determination and a denial
Tue, 11/27 of their legitimate claim to all of historic Palestine.
9:04 AM
Tzofit Stiebel The two-state solution does not solve the conflict between Israelis and
Palestinians. It does not address the root causes of the conflict, such as the
Posted on ongoing Israeli occupation and settlement expansion, which are major obstacles
Wed, 11/28 to peace. It would result in an unequal outcome for Palestinians, as they would
10:15 PM be limited to a smaller, less viable state.

21. Which of the following points are talked about in the arguments that support the two-state
solution? (pick more than 1)
A. Promotion of peace and stability
B. Relevance to the changing situation
C. Respect of national sovereignty
D. Protection of right for both parties

22. Which of the commenter(s) are partial to Palestinian rights?

A. Joseph Baker and Tzofit Stiebel
B. Maazin al-Meskin and Admon Wiezman
C. Waliyya el-Faran and Tzofit Stiebel
D. Joseph Baker and Waliyya el-Faran
E. Only Waliyya el-Faran
 23. How does Waliyya el-Faran’s opinion differ from Maazin al-Meskin’s?
A. Al-Meskin disagrees with the creation of Palestinian state while El-Faran thinks that
Palestinian rights must be prioritized.
B. Unlike Al-Meskin, El-Faran does not think that the two-state solution will create any
semblance of stability in the region.
C. Al-Meskin emphasizes the importance of complying with international law while El-Faran
does not think of it as of necessity.
D. Al-Meskin promotes peaceful resolution for both parties while El-Faran is in favor of
Palestinians claiming their rightful land.
E. El-Faran sees giving Palestinians their rights as necessary while Al-Meskin prefers that
International forces mediate the demand.

24. What is the tone of Admon Wiezman’s opinion on the matter?

A. Accusatory
B. Skeptical
C. Objective
D. Hostile
E. Foreboding

25. According to those who are against the two-state solution, which of the following is incorrect?
A. If the two-state solution were to be applied, Palestinians would get the short end of the stick
by having less land.
B. Even if the two-state solution were to be taken, the conflicts between Israelis and
Palestinians would still persist.
C. Agreeing to the two-state solution means that Palestinians would be denied of their
D. If the two-state solution were to be applied, Palestinians would sacrifice its right to freedom
and autonomy.
E. Agreeing to the two-state solution would lead Israel to seize all the remaining Historic
Palestine into their territory.

Passage 1

The ritual drinking of tea in Japan — often thought of as the epitome of Japanese restraint and formality
— has long been entwined with issues of power and national identity. Over a thousand years ago,
Buddhist monks studying in China brought tea back to Japan. And while the tea ceremony is meant to
encourage spiritual contemplation, early on, it became enmeshed with very earthly displays of power.
Japan's 15th-century aristocrats and other elites adopted the esoteric practice, holding tea parties
during which they would also display rare Chinese objects to convey power and wealth.

According to Kristin Surak, a professor of Japanese politics, the tea ceremony is full of contradictions. It's
a Zen-like renunciation of the material world — and simultaneously, a place where expensive tea wares
convey affluence. It's intended to be a place of equality, but often serves to reinforce power and
hierarchies.
Throughout the years, the ceremony also took on a political dimension, an aspect that became
pronounced in the late 16th century. During this tumultuous time of civil war, two leading generals —
Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi — unified much of Japan. Both used tea ceremonies as a
political tool in this process: They awarded tea wares for victories on the battlefield, and the tea room
was used as a space for liaising and negotiations.

Tea continued to be steeped in politics and, by the end of the 17th century, elite warriors were expected
to be adept in all aspects of the tea ceremony. The ceremony maintained its prominence when Japan
opened up to the West in the 1850s. This continued with the rise of capitalism in Japan in the early 20th
century. Businessmen became the new rulers of the country, and they used tea ceremonies much like
the elites and warriors had before them. Tea was still a way to network and display power — and
paradoxically, convey humility.

Passage 2

Although the Japanese word for the tea ceremony, chanoyu, literally means “hot water for tea,” the
practice involves much more than its name implies. [1] Chanoyu is a ritualized, secular practice in which
tea is consumed in a specialized space with codified procedures. The act of preparing and drinking
matcha, the powdered green tea used in the ceremony, is a choreographed art requiring many years of
study to master. [2] The intimate setting of the tea room, which is usually only large enough to
accommodate four or five people, is modeled on a hermit’s hut. In this space, often surrounded by a
garden, the participants temporarily withdraw from the mundane world.

[3] In the tea room, the emphasis is on the interaction between the host, guests, and tea utensils. The
host will choose an assemblage of objects specific to that gathering and use those utensils to perform
the tea preparations in front of the guests. [4] The guests are expected to abide by tea room etiquette
with regard to the gestures used to drink the tea and the appreciation of the utensils. The ceramics used
in this context are functional tools valued for their practicality as well as artworks admired for their
aesthetic qualities. A key element in this practice is the host’s connoisseurship skills; the host acquires a
collection of objects that conform to a shared aesthetic standard and selects which objects to use in a
particular gathering.

The tea ceremony as it is known today emerged in the sixteenth century. It was an elite artistic pursuit
that provided a forum for the rulers of Japan, the warrior elite, and wealthy merchants to forge and
reinforce social ties. [5] A shift occurred in the mid-sixteenth century, pioneered by influential tea
masters such as Sen no Rikyū (1522–1591). These tea masters began to incorporate rustic ceramic
vessels from Korea and Japan, and found beauty in unrefined, natural, or imperfect forms. This
aesthetic, which celebrates austerity, spontaneity, and apparent artlessness, is known as wabi.
26. Which of the following questions cannot be answered using the information provided in the
passages?
A. To what extent does the tea ceremony perpetuate societal hierarchies or promote equality
among participants?
B. What role did influential tea masters such as Sen no Rikyū play in shaping the tea ceremony
as it is known today?
C. How did Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi use the tea ceremony as a political tool
during Japan's 16th century civil war?
D. What role does the host play in the tea ceremony and what skills are they expected to have?
E. In the 15th-century, how did the tea ceremony serve as a symbol of status and power for
Japan’s upper class?

27. How do the passages present differing information in terms of the historical development of the
Japanese tea ceremony?
A. Passage 1 notes how the tea ceremony originated as a way for Buddhist monks to display
their wealth and status to the ruling elites. Passage 2 details the rise of the tea ceremony in
the 16th century, tracing how tea masters embraced the use of rustic ceramic vessels in the
ceremony.
B. Passage 1 discusses how the tea ceremony started as a spiritual practice, but later served as
a political tool throughout history. Passage 2 mentions the emergence of modern tea
ceremony, emphasizing on the aesthetic shift pioneered by influential tea masters.
C. Passage 1 emphasizes how the tea ceremony was utilized as a means of displaying power
and wealth by various groups in Japanese society. Passage 2 elaborates how the tea
ceremony is a relatively recent tradition, having originated in the mid-16th century.
D. Passage 1 claims that the tea ceremony originated as a secular tradition among Japanese
warriors to display their military strength and bravery. Passage 2 asserts that it was crafted
by wealthy merchants and the ruling elite as a way to showcase their wealth and influence.
E. Both passages present a similar overview of the historical development of the tea ceremony,
highlighting its continuity in politics and business, as well as its status as an artistic pursuit
for the upper class.

28. As used in the second paragraph of Passage 1, the word “renunciation” has the closest meaning
to ….
A. the willingness to receive something offered
B. the act of surrendering to a superior force
C. the denial of something considered to be a necessity
D. the rejection of any responsibility or support for something
E. the practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something

29. What is the attitude of the author towards the topic in Passage 1?
A. Passionate D. Unbiased
B. Inquisitive E. Indifferent
C. Critical
30. Determine the accuracy of the statements below according to the passages.
PERNYATAAN BENAR SALAH
The tea room in the tea ceremony is a private, intimate space where guests
are expected to adhere to established etiquette.
During the civil war, the tea room was a hostile, unfavorable venue for
political negotiations and diplomatic meetings.
The tea master's selection of tea utensils is crucial, as the same set of
objects will be used for multiple gatherings.

As the tea ceremony became more popular among Japan's aristocracy, it

transformed into a display of worldly matters.

The tea ceremony was seen as an opportunity for participants to escape

from the hustle and bustle of daily life.

31. What does the word "choreographed" in Passage 2 suggest about the tea ceremony's artistry?
A. It suggests that the act of preparing and drinking tea is an art form that requires an
extravagant sequence of movements and actions.
B. It points out that how the high level of expertise and dedication is expected from those who
participate in the tea ceremony.
C. It depicts the practice of chanoyu as a deeply ingrained and revered tradition that holds
great significance in Japanese culture.
D. It demonstrates the importance of maintaining the traditional procedures and conventions
that are central to the practice.
E. It implies that the tea ceremony involves intricate, carefully planned movements and
techniques that have been established through years of study.

32. Where is the most logical place in Passage 2 to add the following sentence?

“When presented with a bowl of tea, a guest will notice and reflect upon the warmth of the
bowl and the color of the bright green matcha against the clay before he begins to drink.”
A. After Sentence [1]
B. After Sentence [3]
C. After Sentence [4]
D. Before Sentence [2]
E. Before Sentence [5]
33. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the information in both passages regarding the
topic at hand? (Choose more than one)
A. The use of ceramics in the tea ceremony is an important part of the ritual and showcases the
host's knowledge and appreciation of tea culture.
B. Tea became a powerful tool in the hands of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one
that was used to establish political power and influence.
C. Elite warriors were expected to be masters of the tea ceremony, as it was a sign of their
cultural sophistication and education.
D. The tea ceremony is designed to be a place where all participants, regardless of their social
status, background, or rank, are treated with equal respect and dignity.
E. The tea ceremony became an expression of Japan's cultural identity, especially after the
country was opened up to the world in the 19th century.

34. Choose the option that best restates the following statement!

“The guests are expected to abide by tea room etiquette with regard to the gestures used to
drink the tea and the appreciation of the utensils.”
A. The tea room etiquette dictates the way in which guests should drink tea and express
gratitude for the tea-drinking utensils.
B. When visiting the tea room, the guests must adhere to a certain set of customs associated
with tea-drinking, including the way they handle their tea cup.
C. The guests should be mindful of the appropriate manners while drinking tea, and the
etiquette surrounding the preparation of the tea.
D. In the tea room, the guests are required to follow the established etiquette in terms of their
tea-drinking gestures and proper utensils appreciation.
E. The tea room etiquette is a fundamental aspect of the tea culture and should be respected
and upheld by all visitors.

35. Which of the following topics do both authors mention in their discussion of the Japanese tea
ceremony?
I. The role of the tea ceremony in Japanese society
II. The introduction of tea in Japan
III. The significance of the tea wares in the tea ceremony
IV. The spiritual and contemplative dimension of the tea ceremony
V. The codified procedures of tea ceremony

A. V only
B. I and V
C. I and III
D. II and IV
E. III and V
 [1] The explosion of interest in Stoicism over the past ten years might seem unlikely at first, but
makes perfect sense once we consider Stoicism central appeal. As Jules Evans notes in an
interview, “Stoicism says, accept that you cannot control the external world, but that you can
find a measure of serenity and happiness and moral meaning by focusing on what is in your
control, your own beliefs and your own actions.”

[2] Stoicism's growing popularity can be attributed, in part, to the current state of the world.
Many people feel overwhelmed and out of control in regards to social, political, and
environmental factors. However, Stoicism offers a solution to this feeling of instability by
teaching individuals to focus on what they can control, leading to happier and more tranquil
lives.

[3] In addition to that, people are increasingly aware that modern cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT) was directly based on teachings from Stoic philosophy, and CBT has proven to be, through
scientific, empirical studies, one of the most effective forms of psychotherapy in the modern
world. According to various studies, sixteen weeks of CBT helps roughly 75 percent of patients
to recover from social anxiety, 65 percent to recover from PTSD, 80 percent from panic disorder,
and 60 percent from mild to moderate depression.

[4] Another large appeal of Stoic philosophy today is that its techniques have a rational
foundation and don’t require a belief in supernatural forces. For this reason, modern Stoicism is
very popular with secular humanists and atheists, but it’s equally popular with religious people
and the spiritual but not religious. Stoicism has also become prominent in Silicon Valley and in
the world of entrepreneurship, because it provides a kind of emotional stability in a business
world that is characterized by turbulence and unpredictability.

[5] One final appealing element is that Stoicism holds great appeal due to its strong roots in
notable figures who actively participated in the world. Prominent exponents such as Seneca,
one of the richest men in the Roman Empire, and Marcus Aurelius, a philosopher king who
served as emperor of the Roman Empire, demonstrate Stoicism's emphasis on deep
engagement with society for improvement rather than detachment for ascetic purposes like
Buddhism.

36. Which of the following questions can be answered by the passage?

A. What are the techniques used in Stoicism to find serenity and happiness?
B. What is the success rate of CBT for treating depression in patients?
C. What are some practical methods for incorporating Stoicism into daily life?
D. What is the connection between Stoicism and prominent figures like Seneca and Marcus
Aurelius?
E. Why does Stoicism rely on rationality and reject belief in supernatural forces?
37. The word “appeal” in the first paragraph can be best replaced with ….
A. appreciation
B. excellence
C. values
D. distinction
E. attraction

38. What might be the author’s purpose of adding the fourth paragraph into the passage?
A. To establish the background and context for the discussion of Stoicism's popularity and its
relevance to the current state of the world.
B. To elaborate the rationale behind Stoicism's appeal as a philosophy that is based on reason
and indifference towards the supernatural.
C. To further highlight one of the appeals of Stoicism, which is its rationality and lack of
requirement for a belief in supernatural forces.
D. To give an illustration as to why stoicism is more prevalent among the individuals involved in
the corporate world.
E. To explain the main reason for Stoicism being the most widely practiced philosophy in the
modern world.

39. What is implied by the word "attributed" in the second paragraph on Stoicism and its relevance
to the state of the world today?
A. It implies that the condition of the world today contribute to Stoicism’s rising popularity.
B. It suggests that Stoicism has played a significant role in the modern society.
C. It implies that Stoicism has only become increasingly prevalent in today's world.
D. It contends that the state of the world is defined by the growing appeal of Stoicism.
E. It posits that Stoicism offers a framework for addressing the issues of the modern world.

40. What is the relationship between Stoicism and CBT according to the passage?
A. Stoicism's rational foundation, appealing to both secular and religious individuals, has
helped enhance the acceptance and efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
B. Modern CBT is directly based on teachings from Stoic philosophy and has been scientifically
proven to be one of the most effective forms of psychotherapy.
C. The endorsement of Stoicism by notable figures made it easier for individuals to embrace
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) which is based on Stoic principles.
D. Both cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Stoicism employ similar techniques to address
societal challenges in modern world.
E. Stoic psychologists have been shown to have better outcomes when practicing cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) compared to those who are not familiar with Stoicism.
[...]

Although the legend is inaccurate (hair that has already grown out of the head does not change
color from stress!), it is actually true that there is a link between psychological stress and gray
hair development in people, according to a study conducted by researchers at Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons last year. The researchers found that the
body’s fight-or-flight response plays a key role in turning new hair gray.

Your hair color is determined by pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. New melanocytes
are made from melanocyte stem cells that live in the hair follicles, i.e. small holes at the base of
your hair strand, where hair grows out.

As we age, these stem cells gradually disappear. The researchers showed that, aside from age,
stress also leads to the loss of these pigment-producing stem cells in mice. Nerves in your
sympathetic nervous system—which is responsible for the body’s fight-or-flight response—go
throughout the body, including into hair follicles. The study showed that stress causes the release
of the chemical norepinephrine into the follicle of the mice. Norepinephrine affects the melanocyte
stem cells living there. It causes them to rapidly move out of the hair follicles. Without stem cells
left to create new pigment cells, new hair turns gray or white.

So, now you know that the myth regarding stress and graying hair is not a myth after all. If you
are a young person who develops gray hair strands early in life, it is possible that the cause of
your graying hair is stress. Worry not, you might be able to turn the whites and silvers back into
color by de-stressing. However, experts say this is only possible if you catch it early enough, and
the reversal effect may not happen in old age.

41. What most likely motivates the writer to write the passage?
A. There is a common misconception that stress may cause gray hair.
B. The writer wants to confirm the common belief that stress can cause gray hair.
C. The writer intends to report on new research about hair color.
D. Some people falsely believe that there is a link between stress and graying hair.
E. The writer’s own hair is graying and they want to write about how it happens.

42. The word “inaccurate” on the last line can be best replaced with ….
A. incorrect
B. imperfect
C. wrong
D. unreliable
E. imprecise

43. What is the significance of the information presented in paragraph 2?

A. It illustrates the significance of the discussion.
B. It highlights the significance of the information presented in paragraph 3.
C. It expands on the concept mentioned in paragraph 1.
D. It serves as the framework for the explanation in paragraph 3.
E. It summarizes the analysis presented in paragraph 1.
44. Can we conclude the following statement as true? Why or why not?

Statement: Elderly people who have been suffering from stress can reactivate their pigment-
producing cells by managing their stress levels.
A. No. Older folks no longer have hair follicles on their bodies.
B. No. Melanocyte stem cells vanish as we age, regardless of the level of stress.
C. No. Over time, the stress level of elderly people tends to increase significantly.
D. Yes. Once the stress level is lowered, the hair follicle functions normally again.
E. Yes. It's not a myth that stress can make your hair grey.

45. What can be inferred about hair color from the passage?
A. The tips of the hair of stressed out people can turn gray.
B. Elderly people’s gray hair can return to its original color.
C. Lack of norepinephrine may cause graying hair.
D. The hair color of mice might behave rather similarly to that of humans.
E. Dyeing hair may be the only way for young people to deal with graying hair.

46. The paragraph preceding the passage most likely discusses ….

A. a story about someone whose existing hair turned gray overnight
B. a legend about a person who grew gray hair due to stress
C. a story about a ghost with gray hair all over their body
D. a myth about cut hair strands changing in color
E. an old belief about a woman with gray hair

47. According to the passage, stress ….

i. along with aging, can cause hair to change into grey or white
ii. stimulates hair graying in a different manner among mice
iii. removes melanocytes, something that also occurs as people get older
iv. hampers the growth of the hair stems as well as removes pigment

A. i and ii
B. ii and iii
C. i and iv
D. ii and iv
E. i and iii

48. Determine the accuracy of the statements based on the information in the text.
PERNYATAAN BENAR SALAH
Stress causes the release of norepinephrine into the hair follicles, which leads to the
production of pigment cells.
The loss of pigment-producing stem cells in the hair follicles, which is caused by
both age and stress, leads to the appearance of gray hair.
While it is possible to reverse graying of hair in younger individuals by reducing
stress levels, it may not be possible in older individuals.
 Stress can contribute to the development of gray hair by changing the pigment of
the hair.
The sympathetic nervous system's release of norepinephrine during times of stress
can affect the melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicles.

Passage 1
By relying strongly on limited binaries, the MBTI gives an oversimplified view of human
personality. But human beings are complicated. We don’t fit into neat categories, but rather fall
along a spectrum. People aren’t exclusively introverts or extroverts or thinkers or feelers. Data
from the Myers-Briggs test itself backs this up, yet in practice, test-takers are lumped into one
category or another.

According to Adam Grant, an organizational psychologist and professor at the Wharton School
of the University of Pennsylvania, the MBTI completely overlooks emotional stability vs.
reactivity, a key predictor of individual and group patterns of thought, feeling and action.

And not only that oversight, but the categories that the test does sample, are incomplete. Grant
gives the example of the judging-perceiving scale, which he says captures whether one is an
organizer and a planner, “but overlooks the industriousness and achievement drive that tend to
accompany these characteristics—together, they form a personality trait called
conscientiousness.”

As a result, the MBTI and its results aren’t exactly reliable. Studies have shown that 50 percent
of people are classified into a different type the second time they take the test, even if the test-
retest period is short (e.g. five weeks). And several studies have demonstrated the
ineffectiveness of the test at predicting job success.

Passage 2
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, famously known as the Myers-Briggs personality test, or MBTI,
is one of the most widely used personality tests in the world. It was developed in the 1940s by
the mother-daughter duo Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers — neither of whom
were psychologists — to classify the various ways people perceive their environment and
behave accordingly.

The test relies on the premise of four categories: introversion or extroversion, sensing or
intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. Each individual is assigned one of the
two traits in each category, which produces the 16 different MBTI personality types that we
know today –– such as INTJ or ESFP. The question remains whether these types accurately
capture our behavior, intentions and decision-making tendencies.

At present, an estimated 2 million people take the MBTI test annually, demonstrating how well-
known it is by the general population. However, the sheer popularity of the psychological
 instrument isn’t necessarily an indication of its accuracy and utility, and it may be crucial to
understand why people are drawn to take such tests and whether the labels have a practical
application.

49. Which of the following accurately describe the relationship between information in both
passages?
i. Passage 2 elaborates on a certain topic and passage 1 explains the controversies around it.
ii. Passage 1 gives an example of how a category explained in passage 2 is problematic.
iii. Both passages present some statistics: Passage 1 on efficiency and Passage 2 on popularity.
iv. Passage 2 proposes strict categories while passage 1 opposes those categories.

A. i and ii
B. ii and iii
C. i and iv
D. ii and iv
E. i and iii

50. As the author of Passage 2 uses it in paragraph 3, the word “sheer” most nearly means ….
A. limited
B. partial
C. absolute
D. whole
E. incomplete

51. Which option best describes the difference between Passage 1 and Passage 2?
A. While Passage 2 discusses criticisms of the reliability of the MBTI, Passage 1 provides solid
support for it.
B. Passage 2 explores the details of the MBTI whereas Passage 1 takes a general approach to
the issue.
C. While passage 1 takes a critical view of the MBTI, Passage 2 provides a more neutral
overview of the MBTI.
D. As contrasted with passage 2, passage 1 does not provide any scientific evidence to support
the MBTI theory.
E. While Passage 2 only covers the current discussion regarding the MBTI, Passage 1 also
delves into its historical background.

52. The author of Passage 1 mentions the judging-perceiving scale in order to ….

A. illustrate that human personality cannot be categorized into narrow ranges, but rather
varies along a spectrum
B. show that emotional stability and reactivity, crucial determinants of individual behavior
patterns, are completely ignored by the MBTI
C. examine the reliability of the MBTI test results and their inconsistent application to
categorizing individual personalities
 D. demonstrate that the categories used in the MBTI test are incomplete and do not accurately
capture important aspects of personality
E. indicate that the components of the MBTI test can be used as a credible instrument to
assess various personality qualities

53. The authors of Passage One and Two would both most likely agree with which of the following
statements about the reliability of the MBTI test?
A. Given the unreliability of the MBTI test, the majority of people might not want to use it.
B. Due to its inherent limitations, the MBTI test result might not be a reliable indicator of
personality.
C. The MBTI test can be useful in determining and growing an individual's potential.
D. The MBTI test should be used by more companies to evaluate prospective employees.
E. The MBTI test is by far the most accurate tool available to categorize human personality.

54. Determine the accuracy of the statements based on the information in the texts.
PERNYATAAN BENAR SALAH
According to both texts, experts think that MBTI doesn’t give an accurate picture
of one’s personality.

MBTI was developed by mother-daughter psychologists to categorize people into

groups based on their cognitive functions.

Although the test is taken by millions of people each year, the popularity of MBTI
is not a measure of its reliability.
With MBTI, people are categorized to four groups, each of which has two traits
that will be assigned accordingly.

The part where MBTI identifies whether someone is a planner does not put a
proper importance on their motivation to achieve.

Amos The potential for genetic differences between the extinct and
resurrected organisms could have implications for the viability and
posted: January 13, success of the de-extinct population in the wild.
2023 at 7:28 p.m.

Oryx The revival of extinct species has the potential to undo the progress
made in eradicating certain diseases and pathogens and jeopardize
posted: January 14, the health of both resurrected and current species.
2023 at 10:16 a.m.
Kara De-extinction gives the false impression that it is a viable solution to
the loss of species due to human activities, which could lead to a lack
posted: January 14, of concern for the welfare of vulnerable species.
2023 at 2:54 p.m.

Rahu In a world facing the challenges of climate change and mass

extinction, de-extinction could be a crucial part of a larger strategy for
posted: January 14, preserving the diversity and health of our planet's ecosystems.
2023 at 7:23 p.m.

Vale The limited success rate and exorbitant cost of de-extinction efforts
make it an inefficient use of resources that could be better allocated
posted: January 15, toward the conservation and preservation of existing species.
2023 at 8:41 a.m.

Auxi By reviving extinct species, we could revive traditional knowledge and

cultural practices associated with those species, providing a unique
posted: January 15, opportunity for intergenerational learning and cultural revitalization.
2023 at 11:58 p.m.

55. According to the posts, those who are in favor of de-extinction efforts believe that it ….
i. prevents future extinctions
ii. restores lost cultural heritage
iii. promotes ecological restoration
iv. serves as a source of scientific advancement

A. i and ii
B. i and iii
C. ii and iii
D. ii and iv
E. iii and iv

56. Which of the following users suggests that the outcome of resurrected species depends on their
inherited traits and characteristics?
A. Vale
B. Kara
C. Oryx
D. Rahu
E. Amos

57. In the context of Vale’s post, the word “exorbitant” is closest in meaning to ….
A. excessive
B. disastrous
C. impressive
D. reasonable
E. outstanding
 58. Those who are against the idea of reviving extinct species express their point of view by doing
the following things, except ….
A. arguing that the efforts to bring extinct species back to life could be better spent on
protecting existing species
B. elaborating that the limited success rate of de-extinction could affect the cost and resources
used to fund conservation
C. highlighting how the wrong impression of de-extinction could discourage efforts to protect
endangered species
D. stating the unintended consequences of de-extinction due to the potential genetic changes
in the resurrected species
E. mentioning how the reintroduction of extinct species carries significant risks to the well-
being of both the resurrected and current species

59. Whose opinion is similar to the following opinion?

“Reintroducing extinct species would allow for the passing down of important customs and
teachings from one generation to the next, fostering a greater understanding and appreciation
of the cultural significance of these animals.”
A. Vale
B. Auxi
C. Kara
D. Oryx
E. Rahu

60. Which of the following statements best paraphrases the opinion of Oryx?
A. The revived species may not have immunity to diseases and pathogens that they did not
encounter in their original ecosystem, leading to their own demise.
B. Bringing back extinct species could reverse efforts to eliminate certain diseases and harmful
agents and pose a risk to both the revived species and existing ones.
C. Reviving extinct species could reintroduce diseases and pathogens that have been dormant
for a long period of time, but could still be harmful to other species.
D. The ecosystem may not be able to sustain the reintroduction of an extinct species, leading to
negative consequences for the resurrected species and current species.
E. The reintroduction of extinct species could lead to the spread of diseases to current species
that have not evolved to be resistant to these pathogens.

Text 1

Many diets focus on what to eat, but intermittent fasting is all about when you eat. With intermittent
fasting, you only eat during a specific time. Research shows fasting for a certain number of hours each
day or eating just one meal a couple days a week may have health benefits.
Johns Hopkins neuroscientist Mark Mattson has studied intermittent fasting for 25 years. He says our
bodies have evolved to be able to go without food for many hours, or even several days or longer. In
prehistoric times, before humans learned to farm, they were hunters and gatherers who evolved to
survive — and thrive — for long periods without eating. They had to: It took a lot of time and energy to
hunt game and gather nuts and berries.

Experts note that even 50 years ago, it was easier to maintain a healthy weight in the United States.
There were no computers, and TV shows turned off at 11 p.m.; people stopped eating because they
went to bed. Portions were much smaller. More people worked and played outside and, in general, got
more exercise.

With internet, TV and other entertainment available 24/7, many adults and children stay awake for
longer hours to watch TV, scroll through social media, play games and chat online. That can mean sitting
and snacking all day — and most of the night.

Extra calories and less activity can mean a higher risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and other
illnesses. Scientific studies are showing that intermittent fasting may help reverse these trends.

Text 2

The idea behind intermittent fasting is that by restricting food, our bodies will more quickly and
efficiently tap our fat stores for energy. While glucose from carbohydrates is our most direct fuel source,
we burn fat for energy when glucose isn’t available. This happens even more during times of food
deprivation. Our ability to store fat is unlimited.

Intermittent fasting can be done in a variety of ways. There’s no “perfect” fasting plan, and it really
should be based on what works best in your life.

One method is fasting daily for a set amount of time, usually 12 hours or more. The average person
sleeps about 7 hours a night, which counts towards that fasting time. If you don't eat after dinner, then
you could easily achieve a daily fast to help your body burn fat more efficiently. This type of fasting
could work well for someone who tends to be a nighttime snacker.

Another form of intermittent fasting is alternate day fasting. This is where you eat whatever you want 5
to 6 days of the week and choose 1 or 2 days a week to fast. During those fasting days, water and broth
is encouraged so you don’t become dehydrated. This type of fasting could be beneficial for someone
with a work schedule that may be really busy some days and cannot eat on a regular basis.

61. What is the main topic of Text 2?

A. The importance of intermittent fasting
B. How intermittent fasting works
C. The benefits of intermittent fasting
D. The science behind intermittent fasting
E. Intermittent fasting food requirements
 62. According to experts, it was easier to maintain a healthy weight in the US decades ago. Why is
that?
A. Because technology was not as advanced as it is and entertainment options were limited, so
people would do activities outdoors.
B. Because people were a lot more disciplined with their exercise regimes back then.
C. Because people deliberately chose to adhere to a healthy diet and eat in smaller portions.
D. Because most people decidedly adhered to intermittent fasting for the sake of their overall
health.
E. Because nobody would eat past 11 p.m. back then, they preferred going to sleep on time.

63. How are Text 1 and Text 2 related?

A. Both texts talk about the advantages and disadvantages of intermittent fasting.
B. Text 1 talks about how intermittent fasting became a trend whereas Text 2 talks about how
intermittent fasting works.
C. Text 1 talks about what intermittent fasting is whereas Text 2 talks about how it works.
D. Both texts talk about the influence that intermittent fasting had back then compared to the
present times.
E. Text 1 talks about why intermittent fasting works for most people and Text 2 tries to negate
that.

64. Which of the following would be suitable to replace the word “deprivation” in Text 2 paragraph
1?
A. inadequacy
B. lack
C. deficit
D. deficiency
E. scarcity

65. The following statements are MENTIONED according to Text 1, EXCEPT...

A. Intermittent fasting focuses on when one eats instead of what one eats.
B. More calories yet less activity can mean higher risk of obesity, diabetes, and other ailments.
C. People in the US generally got more exercise because they did most of their activities
outdoors.
D. Intermittent fasting is highly recommended for those who are nighttime snackers.
E. Unlimited entertainment proves effective in keeping people seated and snacking for long
hours.

(1) Pure water is of course clear. However if it is deep enough, so that light cannot reflect off the
seafloor, it appears dark blue. This is largely because of some basic physics. Human eyes contain cells
capable of detecting electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between around 380-700 nanometres.
Within this band, different wavelengths correspond to the different colors we see in a rainbow.
(2) Water molecules are better at absorbing light that arrives in longer wavelengths, meaning the reds,
oranges, yellows and greens. This mostly leaves the blues, which have shorter wavelengths. As blue light
is less likely to be absorbed, it can penetrate to deeper depths, making deep water look bluer. Light at a
short wavelength is also more likely to be scattered or deflected in different directions, including back
out of the water towards our eyes, making the sea appear blue.

(3) However, the purity of sea water varies. Particles suspended within it can increase the scattering of
light. Sand and silt carried into the sea from rivers, or kicked up from the seafloor by waves and storms,
can affect the colors of coastal waters. And organic detritus such as decayed plant matter—known to
scientists as color dissolved organic matter—can also complicate the picture, by adding greens, yellows
or browns.

(4) That's the physics. But even more important is the biology, because the biggest impact on sea color is
made by tiny organisms called phytoplankton. Usually smaller than a pinhead, these single-celled algae
use green chlorophyll pigments to capture energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into
the organic compounds that make up their bodies. Through this photosynthesis, they are estimated to
be responsible for generating about half of the oxygen we breathe. Crucially, phytoplankton absorb
electromagnetic radiation in the red and blue parts of the visible light spectrum, but reflect greens,
which explains why seas in which they are thriving appear greener.

66. What is the topic of paragraph 4?

A. The role of microorganisms in changing sea color
B. The biology of phytoplankton in the sea
C. The process of photosynthesis affecting sea color
D. The biology and physics aspect of sea color phenomenon
E. The microorganism working together with energy from the sun

67. Which factor is NOT STATED to generate different colors in the ocean?
A. The water’s ability to absorb light
B. Particles scattering lights
C. Chemical reaction between water and lights
D. Human eyes’ responds to wavelength
E. The photosynthesis of phytoplankton

68. What is the difference between the physics and the biology of sea color?
A. Both physics and biology aspects of the water play roles in affecting the sea color changes.
B. The physics aspect focuses on light and particles, while the biology aspect deals with
microorganisms.
C. The biology aspect such as phytoplankton’ photosynthesis is the only important factor
affecting sea color.
D. Since sea color deals with water, light, radiation, etc., the physics plays a major role in
determining sea color.
E. There is not much difference between the physic and biology aspect in determining the sea
colors.
 69. What can be inferred about sea color?
A. Contrary to popular opinion, the blue color doesn’t come simply because the sea reflects the
sky.
B. The color of sea water is changing simultaneously by the amount of lights absorbed by the
water.
C. The sea water plays an important role in determining the changing of its color.
D. The blue color falls on the same wavelength with other colors, resulting in the gradual
changes of sea water.
E. Contrary to popular belief, sea water has a different range of colors rather than just blue.

70. The writing organization of the passage is best described as …

A. Comparison and Contrast
B. Chronological Order
C. Cause and Effect
D. General to Specific Order
E. Statement and Clarification

(1) As a foundation of everyday hygiene, hand-washing was broadly adopted relatively recently. In the
1840s Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis, a Hungarian physician, discovered that if doctors washed their hands, far
fewer women died after childbirth. At the time, microbes were not widely recognized as vectors of disease,
and many doctors ridiculed the notion that a lack of personal cleanliness could be responsible for their
patients’ deaths. Ostracized by his colleagues, Dr. Semmelweis was eventually committed to an asylum,
where he was severely beaten by guards and died from infected wounds.

(2) Florence Nightingale, the English nurse and statistician, also promoted hand-washing in the mid-1800s,
but it was not until the 1980s that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued the world’s first
nationally endorsed hand hygiene guidelines.

(3) Washing with soap and water is one of the key public health practices that can significantly slow the
rate of a pandemic and limit the number of infections, preventing a disastrous overburdening of hospitals
and clinics. But the technique works only if everyone washes their hands frequently and thoroughly: Work
up a good lather, scrub your palms and the back of your hands, interlace your fingers, rub your fingertips
against your palms, and twist a soapy fist around your thumbs.

(4) Or as the Canadian health officer Bonnie Henry said recently, “Wash your hands like you’ve been
chopping jalapeños and you need to change your contacts.” Even people who are relatively young and
healthy should regularly wash their hands, especially during a pandemic, because they can spread the
disease to those who are more vulnerable.

(5) Soap is more than a personal protectant; when used properly, it becomes part of a communal safety
net. At the molecular level, soap works by breaking things apart, but at the level of society, it helps hold
everything together. Remember this the next time you have the impulse to bypass the sink: Other people’s
lives are in your hands.
71. How is the idea in paragraph 1 related to paragraph 2?
A. Both paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 explains the difficulty of promoting hand-washing in the
medical field.
B. The origin of hand-washing in medical works in paragraph 1 is further explained in paragraph 2.
C. The initial effort to promote hand-washing by Dr. Semmelweis in paragraph 1 was carried on by
Nightingale in paragraph 2.
D. The difficulty of promoting hand-washing in paragraph 1 is rebutted with its success in
paragraph 2.
E. The event in paragraph 1 happened relatively close to the one that happened in paragraph 2.

72. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To encourage people to keep the hygiene by washing their hands
B. To recite the history and the struggle of promoting hand-washing
C. To give information about the benefits of hand-washing
D. To entertain the readers with the journey of hand-washing
E. To criticize people's reluctance to do hand-washing

73. What does ‘hygiene’ (paragraph 1) mean?

A. Routine
B. Sanitation
C. Convenience
D. Responsibility
E. Sterilization

74. According to the passage, we can infer that ….

A. hand-washing has come a long way since its legalization
B. hand-washing is only important because of the pandemic.
C. a proper technique to wash hands is yet to be promoted to the public
D. hand-washing is useless if it’s done without an appropriate amount of soap
E. a proper hand-washing is a civic participation to lessen the pandemic

75. Which of the following is NOT STATED in the passage?

A. Washing hands with soap and water can limit the number of infections.
B. Dr. Semmelweis died from infected wounds caused by the asylum guards.
C. Healthy people can still spread the disease to those who are more vulnerable.
D. The national hand hygiene guidelines are still applied to this day.
E. The guideline of hand hygiene was first released in the 1980s
76. According to Vamsi Pritham, how is it dangerous for people to have such an intense belief in
traditional medicine?
A. They begin to abandon a magical approach to medicine and move on to actual science.
B. They become too open to new ideas and treatments in medicine.
C. They tend to develop an unequivocal prejudice against medicine that actually works.
D. They would refuse to go see doctors everytime they fall ill due to certain prejudice.
E. They never research the downsides of traditional medicine and therefore are not aware of
the dangers.
77. Who among all those who have posted shows the most obvious disapproval of traditional
medicine?
A. Saureet Hayill
B. Simon Kepp
C. Aaliyah Murphy
D. Vamsi Pritham
E. Evan Long

78. The word “discount” in Aaliyah’s post means…

A. deduct an amount from the usual price
B. reduce something in value
C. the opposite of counting
D. decide something as not worth considering
E. show opposition towards certain ideas

79. The following statements are TRUE about the opinion thread, EXCEPT …
A. Evan Long thinks traditional medicine is only good if paired with exercise and a healthy diet.
B. Simon Kepp thinks traditional medicine is what we would call treatments that do not work.
C. Aaliyah Murphy believes that traditional medicine and modern medical practices can walk
hand in hand.
D. Saureet Hayill sees Chinese traditional medicine as something that addresses underlying
causes of a disease, along with its symptoms.
E. Yunus Ismailoglu believes that further research is needed to test the efficacy of traditional
medicine.

80. What does “jingoism” in Vamsi Pritham’s post mean?

A. extreme patriotism
B. words used in certain professions
C. excessive support for one’s group
D. loyalty towards one individual
E. a specific fear towards foreigners
KJ

1 B 9 A 17 D 25 E 33
2 B 10 B 18 A 26 A 34 D
3 D 11 D 19 E 27 B 35 C
4 C 12 D 20 A 28 E 36 D
5 D 13 C 21 29 D 37 E
6 C 14 C 22 C 30 38 C
7 B 15 C 23 D 31 E 39 A
8 C 16 C 24 D 32 C 40 B

41 B 49 A 57 A 65 D 73 B
42 E 50 C 58 B 66 A 74 E
43 D 51 C 59 B 67 C 75 D
44 B 52 D 60 C 68 B 76 B
45 D 53 B 61 B 69 E 77 C
46 A 54 62 A 70 E 78 D
47 E 55 C 63 C 71 C 79 A
48 56 E 64 D 72 A 80 A

21. A, C, D

30. B
S
S
B
B

33. C, E

48. S
B
B
S
B

54.
S
S
B
S
B