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Justice - Political Science (ByStrictlyStudent) - 1

Justice is a fundamental concept in democratic systems, encompassing fairness and adherence to rules, with various interpretations in political theory. It can be categorized into four types: social, political, economic, and legal justice, each addressing different aspects of fairness and rights within society. Definitions from various scholars highlight justice as a means of distributing rights and maintaining societal order.

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19 views5 pages

Justice - Political Science (ByStrictlyStudent) - 1

Justice is a fundamental concept in democratic systems, encompassing fairness and adherence to rules, with various interpretations in political theory. It can be categorized into four types: social, political, economic, and legal justice, each addressing different aspects of fairness and rights within society. Definitions from various scholars highlight justice as a means of distributing rights and maintaining societal order.

Uploaded by

itsme27here
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Meaning

● Justice is important to people and especially in


democratic systems.
● The word "justice" comes from Latin (Jus) and Greek
(Dike) words meaning system of law and
righteousness respectively.
● Justice means following rules and being fair.
● It has been a part of political theory for a long time
and has different interpretations.
● Some see justice as a virtue or a quality, while
others think of it as a system of rules.
● Justice is important in political science, ethics, law,
and philosophy.

Definitions
● “Justice means to distribute the due share to
everybody.” -Salmond
● “Justice protects the rights of the individual as well
as the order of society.” -Dr. Raphael
● “Justice consists of a system of understandings and a
procedure through which each is accorded what is
agreed upon as fair.”-C.E. Merriam

Types of justice
1)Social justice

● Social justice ensures a fair society by balancing


individual rights and social control.
● It fulfills people's legitimate expectations and
protects their rights under the law.
● Social justice tackles issues like poverty, disease,
unemployment, and discrimination.
● It focuses on the well-being of minority groups and
helps those who are disadvantaged.
● Social justice aims to create a just and equal society
for everyone.
● “Social Justice aims to provide equal opportunities to
every individual to develop his inherent
qualities.”-Barker

2) Political justice

● Political justice means treating everyone equally in


politics.
● It grants political rights to all and promotes fair
participation in political life.
● It requires universal voting rights and no
discrimination in public service.
● Political justice exists when there is the rule of law,
independent judiciary, elections, political parties, and
freedom of criticism.
● It aims to protect individual rights and allow citizens
to contribute to the community's well-being.
● The aim of law is the establishment of what is
legitimate; provide legal security, and prevention of
unjust actions. -Salmond

3) Economic justice

● Economic justice means treating everyone fairly,


without discrimination based on money.
● It involves fair pay for work and sharing wealth and
resources equally.
● Exploiting vulnerable people is wrong, and everyone
should have basic things like food, clothes, and
shelter.
● A just economy follows the idea of "from each
according to their ability, to each according to their
needs."
● Economic justice is important in modern society,
alongside technological progress.
● True freedom includes fairness in money matters, as
political freedom alone is not enough.
● The challenge is to achieve economic and social
justice without giving too much power to the
government.

4) Legal justice

● Legal justice is based on codes enacted by the state


and customary rules followed by the community.
● The Constitution and legislative acts shape the legal
aspect of justice.
● Legal justice has two dimensions: (1) Just
application of the law, and (2) Laws that align with
principles of justice.
● According to Ernest Barker, legal justice means law
aligned with justice itself.
● While the law aims to provide justice, it is not the
same as justice itself.
● Judges must uphold the law even if they personally
disagree with it morally.

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