Gr 9 Maths: Content Area 3 & 4

Geometry & Measurement (2D)

QUESTIONS
Mostly past ANA exam content
• Geometry of Straight Lines
• Triangles: Basic facts All questions have been
s graded to facilitate
• Congruent Δ concept development.
s
• Similar Δ GOOD LUCK!

• Quadrilaterals
• Polygons
Compiled by
Anne Eadie & Gretel Lampe
THE ANSWER SERIES

Theorem of Pythagoras tel: (021) 671 0837

fax: (021) 671 2546
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Area and Perimeter of 2D shapes www.theanswer.co.za
Questions: Geometry of Straight lines

2. Calculate the size 5. In the figure, Bˆ 3 = 35º and BE || CF.

GEOMETRY OF STRAIGHT LINES of the largest angle.
Determine the size of Bˆ and BCF.
1
ˆ
x – 6°
( Solutions on page A1) Show all your steps x – 9° x + 15°
with reasons. (4)
B 3 C
Refer to page Q13 for details A 1 2

on parallel lines & angles.

3. Complete the following:
E F
3.1 Angles which add up to 90º are called
1. Calculate the sizes of the angles marked a to d.
Give reasons for your answers. . . . . . . . angles. (1) Statement Reason

Bˆ 1 =
1.1 3.2 Angles around a point add up to . . . . . . . (1)
43° ˆ =
BCF
A a B
(3)

C D 6. A T
b 4. Complete each of the following statements:
(3)
4.1 D̂ and F̂ are complementary angles if

1.2 ____________________________________ . (1)

58° 4.2 The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 2

1 3 1
c B
equal to _____________________________ . (1) 2 C D
12°

(2) 4.3 The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon In the figure above, AB || TC, Cˆ 1 = 65º and Cˆ 2 = 43º.
is equal to ___________________________ . (1)
Calculate the size of  , Bˆ 1 and Bˆ 2 .
1.3 P Q
4.4 A trapezium is a quadrilateral with one pair Statement Reason
d
of ___________________ sides. (1)

4.5 The diagonals of a rectangle are _________

112° in length. (1)
S R T (3)
(4)

Copyright © The Answer Q1

 Questions: Geometry of Straight lines

7. Give reasons for each of your statements in the 10. Find the size of angles a to g (in that order),
questions below. giving reasons. STRAIGHT LINE GEOMETRY
g
In the figure PQ || RS, Qˆ 1 , Qˆ 2 and Qˆ 3 Important Vocabulary
are equal to 2 x, 3 x and 4 x respectively.
60° 35° An acute angle is one that lies between 0º and 90º.
R̂ = y and Ŝ = z.
a An obtuse angle is one that lies between 90º and 180º.
T
b
e A reflex angle is one that lies between 180º and 360º.
c d f
1
Q
(7) A right angle = 90º
P
2 3
A straight angle = 180º
11. In the sketch, AB is a straight line. A revolution = 360º
Determine the value of x + y. When the sum of 2 angles = 90º, we say the angles are
complementary.
y z When the sum of 2 angles = 180º, we say the angles are
R S
supplementary.

7.1 Calculate the value of x. (3)

x+y
7.2 Calculate the value of y. (3) x y When 2 lines intersect, 2
1
A B
(4) 4 angles are formed : 3
7.3 Calculate the value of z. (3) 4
ˆ 2,
1, ˆ 3,
ˆ 4ˆ
12. Calculate, with reasons, the value of x.
8. Calculate, with reasons, the value of x. Adjacent angles have a common vertex and a common
A arm, e.g. 1̂ and 2, ˆ 3ˆ and 4ˆ or 1ˆ and 4.
ˆ 2ˆ and 3, ˆ
A B 120°
3x – 10° Vertically opposite angles lie opposite each other,
e.g. 1̂ and 3ˆ or 2ˆ and 4.
ˆ
x + 30° 110° B
C D
(4)
x (4) The FACTS
C
9. State, giving reasons, P R When 2 lines intersect:
whether PQ || RS. Hint: Draw a third line, through B,  adjacent angles are supplementary
parallel to the given parallel lines.
U V 104°
 vertically opposite angles are equal.
T W
76°
For further practice in this topic –
See the end of the questions
see The Answer Series
Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.32 for more on straight lines.
Q S (4)

Q2 Copyright © The Answer

Questions: Triangles

4. In ΔEDF, DF is produced to C. 7. Using the figure below, calculate the size of the
TRIANGLES: BASIC FACTS The size of Ê is . . . ?
angles a, b and c (in this order).
( Solutions on page A3) E AD = BD = BC; A
ˆ = 72º
ADB a
Reasons must be provided for all Geometry statements.
1. In the figure below, ΔANT is an equilateral triangle.
Calculate the size of Tˆ and Tˆ .
1 2 3x 4x 5x B
b
72°
D
A D F C

A 40º B 60º
C 140º D 20º (1) [10] c
C
(6)
2 1
5. B
P T N
(4)

2. ˆ = 70º;
In the figure below, CS || HN, EAW 8. Determine the values of x, a, b and c in the figures
AE = AW and CAE ˆ = x. below.
C
A
Determine the value of x. 8.1

A 44°
C S In ΔABC, AB = AC and Ĉ = x.
x
70° Determine the size of  in terms of x. (3)

A
1 2 1 2 6. x 106° (2)
H E W N (3)

50° 110°
3. In ΔPRT alongside, P B C D
M is the midpoint of PR 8.2 a
and MR = MT. ˆ = 110º.
In the figure above, B̂ = 50º and ACD
M 1
If P̂ = 25º, calculate 2
The size of  is . . . . . .
with reasons: A 50º B 60º c
1
2
3.1 The size of Tˆ R T (1) C 110º D 160º 28°
1 b 44°
(6)
ˆ
3.2 The size of M (1)
2

Copyright © The Answer Q3

 Questions: Triangles

9. Calculate the values of x and y if

Bˆ 2 = x, Dˆ 2 = y, Dˆ 1 = 44º, Cˆ 1 = 75º and AD || BC. TRIANGLES: Study the following very carefully
CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES . . . INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR ANGLES . . .
A B
1 Triangles are classified according to their sides or 1 1̂ , 2̂ and 3̂
x 2
their angles (or both). are interior y
2 3 x
y angles of the
2
44° 75° • Sides triangle x̂ is an exterior ø
1 2 1
ŷ is not an exterior ø
D C E (3) equilateral Δ isosceles Δ scalene Δ
An exterior angle is formed between one side of
a triangle and the produced (extension) of another.

10. A B 3 sides equal 2 sides equal no sides equal 4 BASIC FACTS

• FACT 1
C 95° A
1 • Angles The sum of the
Aˆ + Bˆ + Cˆ = 180°
acute-angled Δ right-angled Δ obtuse-angled Δ interior angles
of a triangle = 180° B C
30°
E D
• FACT 2 :
The exterior angle 2 1̂ = 2ˆ + 3ˆ
3 acute angles 1 right angle (90°) 1 obtuse angle of a triangle equals
ˆ = 95º
In the above figure AB || ED, ACD the sum of the 3 1

and D̂ = 30º. interior opposite angles.

• Sides and Angles
• FACT 3 A
Determine the size of Ê and  . (3) If AB = AC,
In an isosceles triangle, then 1̂ = 2̂
the base angles
1 2 Converse:
are equal. B C
This is an This is an This is a If 1̂ = 2̂,
isosceles, isosceles, scalene, The converse states: then
For further practice in this topic – right-angled acute-angled obtuse-angled
If 2 angles of a triangle are equal, AB = AC
see The Answer Series triangle triangle triangle.
Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.24 then the sides opposite them are equal.

• FACT 4
60°
The angles of an equilateral triangle
all equal 60°.
60° 60°

Q4 Copyright © The Answer

Questions: Congruent Triangles

3. Why is ΔABC ≡ ΔDCB? 6. In the figure below ΔKNQ and ΔMPQ have a common
CONGRUENT ΔS vertex Q.
A D
( Solutions on page A4) P is a point on KQ and N is a point on MQ.
KQ = MQ and PQ = QN.
B C K
See the notes on Congruency
and Similarity on page A5 A S, S, S B 90º, Hyp, S (RHS)

C S, ø , S D ø, ø, S

1. P A F E 1 P
2
4. In the figure below Dˆ 1 = Bˆ 2 = 90º and AD = BC.
1 2
B C M N Q
2 1
Q R B D
C
Prove with reasons that ΔKNQ ≡ ΔMPQ. (4)
Which triangle is congruent to ΔPQR? 2 1
A D
Statement Reason
Prove that ΔABD ≡ ΔCDB. 7. ΔABC, D and E are points on BC such that BD = EC
and AD = AE.
A
(2)
5. In the figure below, AB = AC and BD = CD.
2. State which triangle is congruent to ΔABC.
A
C P
1 2

1 2
A B Q R D

B D E C
S
B C
7.1 Why is BE = CD? (1)
5.1 Prove that ΔABD ≡ ΔACD. (4)
7.2 Which triangle is congruent to ΔABE? (1)
T V (2) ˆ
5.2 Prove that DA bisects BAC (2)

Copyright © The Answer Q5

 Questions: Congruent Triangles

8. In the given figure, P and T 9.2 Prove that ΔABC ≡ ΔDEF. 10. In the figure B
are points on a circle with P N T alongside 1

centre M.
2 1 Statement Reason
AB = AC 1 2
2 1 2
N is a point on a A D
and 2 1 E 1
M
chord PT such that BD = CD
1
MN ⊥ PT.
C
Prove that PN = NT.
10.1 Prove that ΔABD ≡ ΔACD. (4)
Statement Reason
10.2 Prove that ΔABE ≡ ΔACE. (4)
(5)
10.3 Prove that Eˆ 1 = Eˆ 2 = 90º. (3)

9.3 Why is Bˆ = Eˆ ? 10.4 Hence, state the relationship

between AE and BC. (1)
Statement Reason

Bˆ = Eˆ 11. In the figure below, PS || QR. Which ONE of the

following statements is true for this figure?
(1)
(8) P S

9. E 9.4 Use your answer in Question 9.3 to derive a

A C
further relationship between AB and ED.
T
1
Note: It has (already) been given that AB = ED.
Q R
1 Statement Reason
F D
A ΔPTS ≡ ΔPQT
B
B ΔPTS ≡ ΔRTQ
In the above diagram, AC = DF, AB = DE and BF = CE.
(2) C ΔPTS ||| ΔSRT
9.1 Prove that BC = EF.
D ΔPTS ||| ΔRTQ (1)
Statement Reason

For further practice in this topic –

see The Answer Series
Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.28
(2)

Q6 Copyright © The Answer

Questions: Similar Triangles

3. In ΔPQR and ΔSTR in the P 5. B

SIMILAR Δ S figure alongside, PQ || ST, 10 E

2
PR = 10 cm, ST = 3 cm and R 1
( Solutions on page A6) SR = 6 cm.
Q T
F
A
6 3 1 2
3.1 Prove that D
S
See the notes on Congruency ΔPQR ||| ΔSTR (4) C

and Similarity on page A5 3.2 Calculate the length of PQ. (3) In the figure,

B̂ = Ĉ , AD = 9 cm, AE = 7 cm and CE = 21 cm.

1. Examine ΔDEF and ΔKLM.
4. In ΔNML below, P and Q are points on the sides
D MN and LN respectively such that QP || LM. 5.1 Prove that ΔABD ||| ΔACE.
MN = 16 cm, QP = 3 cm and LM = 8 cm.
Statement Reason
K L M
14 cm x cm
7 cm 12 cm

E 20 cm F L 10 cm M
2 2
Q P
1 1
Complete the following calculations if ΔDEF ||| ΔKLM.
(6)
DE EF DF
= = (proportional sides of similar triangles) N
KL LM 5.2 Calculate the length of BD.
14 x 4.1 Complete the following (give reasons for
 = the statements): Statement Reason
7
Prove with reasons that ΔQPN ||| ΔLMN.
 x = ________ (3)
In ΔQPN and ΔLMN

1. N̂ ……………………………
2. Calculate the length of AB if ΔABC ||| ΔEDF:
2. Pˆ = ……………. ……………………………
A
1
(5)
E 3. Qˆ = ……………. ……………………………
1

6 cm 4 cm ∴ ΔQPN ||| Δ …. ………………………….. (4) For further practice in this topic –

see The Answer Series
B C D F
15 cm 10 cm Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.28
(4) 4.2 Hence, calculate the length of PN. (3)

Copyright © The Answer Q7

 Questions: Quadrilaterals

3. In the figure below, ABCD is a square and ATB is an 5. A

1
D
equilateral triangle. 2
QUADRILATERALS
( Solutions on page A7) D 1 1
C
2
4
1 3 1
2
T B C
1. ABCD is a parallelogram. Calculate the size of B̂ . 2

A B
Look at parallelogram ABCD above and complete
x + 50°
the table.
1
2
A B
Statement Reason
2x – 20° 3.1 Name two isosceles triangles. (2)
C D (4)
3.2 Calculate the size of Dˆ 2 . (3) In ΔADB and ΔCBD

2. In the figure below, DEFG is a rhombus and Ê = 156°. 3.3 Calculate the size of Tˆ 4 . (2)
Dˆ 1 = ______ Alternate ø's and AD || BC

D E
1 156°
2 4. PRTW is a square. ΔPQR and ΔRTS are equilateral. Bˆ 1 = ______ Alternate ø's and AB || DC
ˆ
Calculate x (RQS)

Q BD = BD Common side
1
2
G F
x â ΔADB ≡ Δ______ ____________

Calculate the size of: R â AD = ______ and Corresponding sides of

P s
ˆ
2.1 EFG AB = ______ congruent Δ

2.2 Fˆ2 S (4)

2.3 Ĝ
W 6. A parallelogram with at least one angle equal to 90°
T (7)
Statement Reason is called a __________

2.1 ˆ =
EFG (2) A kite.

NB: Study 'Quadrilaterals' B rhombus.

2.2 Fˆ2 = (2)
on page Q12 very carefully. C trapezium.
2.3 Ĝ = (2)
D rectangle. (1)

Q8 Copyright © The Answer

Questions: Quadrilaterals

7. A B POLYGONS
2 NOTES
1
9. What is the size of each angle in a regular
T pentagon?
2
3
1 A 90°
1
2 B 120°
D P C C 100°
D 108° (1)
The bisectors of B̂ and Ĉ of parallelogram ABCD
intersect at T. Points B, T and D do not lie on
a straight line. P is a point on DC such that
ˆ = 90º.
TPD 10. What is the size of each angle in a regular hexagon?
A 90°
7.1 Prove that Tˆ 2 = 90º. (5)
B 120°

7.2 Which triangle is similar to ΔBCT? (2) C 100°

D 108° (1)
7.3 If BC = 2TC and TP = 4 cm, calculate the length
of BT. (3)

For further practice in this topic –

8. In the given quadrilateral AE = ED and BE = EC, see The Answer Series
therefore: Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.26
A D

B C

A ΔAEB ||| ΔCED

B ΔAED ||| ΔBEC

C ΔAEB ≡ ΔDEC
D ΔAED ≡ ΔBEC (2)

Copyright © The Answer Q9

 Questions: Theorem of Pythagoras

5. In rectangle ABCD, AB = 8 cm and diagonal AC = 10 cm.

PERIMETER AND AREA FORMULAE
THEOREM OF PYTHAGORAS Calculate the length of AD.
Triangle A The perimeter
( Solutions on page A9) A 2 cm A 8 cm B
of this triangle
B 6 cm c b
= (a + b + c) units.
A 10 cm
1. In ΔABC, AB ⊥ BC. C 12,8 cm
B a C
Determine the length of D 14 cm (2)
D C The area of
AC if AB = 5 cm and 5 cm
height height a triangle =
BC = 12 cm. (4) 6. In ΔABC: AB = 9 cm, BC = 12 cm and AC = 15 cm. height
base × height
Show that B̂ = 90°. base base base 2
B 12 cm C

2.1 A For further practice in this topic –

Rectangle
see The Answer Series
Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.33 The perimeter of a rectangle
= ℓ + b + ℓ + b
b
17 cm = 2ℓ + 2b
8 cm x = 2(ℓ + b)
A Right-angled triangle ℓ

A right-angled triangle has A ℓ: length The area of a rectangle

b: breadth = ℓ % b = ℓb
B 6 cm C y D
one angle of 90º. Here, B̂ = 90°. hypotenuse
The side opposite the right angle (90°)
2.1 Calculate x. (3) is called the hypotenuse. Square
Here, AC is the hypotenuse. B C The perimeter of a square
2.2 Calculate y. (3) = 4 % s = 4s
s
Give reasons. The Theorem of Pythagoras
The area of a square
This theorem states: = s % s = s2
3. The area of T In a right-angled triangle . . .
2
ΔTUW = 30 cm the square of the hypotenuse equals See the Quadrilaterals on page Q12
and UW = 12 cm. the sum of the squares on the other two sides. for the areas of all other quadrilaterals.
i.e. In ΔABC, B̂ = 90°
Calculate:
2 2
So: AC = AB + BC
2 Circle
3.1 TU U 12 cm W (2) The circumference
circumference of a circle:
3.2 the perimeter of ΔTUW (3) The converse theorem states the reverse:
centre
If in any ΔABC, A = πd = π(2r) = 2 π r
2 2 2 radius (r) diameter
4. A ladder is standing against the wall. If the ladder AC = AB + BC , The area of a circle:
reaches a height of 12 m up the wall and has its foot then B̂ = 90°. B C = π r2
5 m away from it, calculate the length of the ladder. (3)

Q10 Copyright © The Answer

Questions: Measurement: 2D

4. In the figure below, AP = 5 m, 6. The length of a rectangle is doubled.

MEASUREMENT: 2D AS = SB = 2 m and PS ⊥ AB. Write down the value of k if the area of the
( Solutions on page A10) enlarged rectangle = k % the area of the
A
original rectangle. (1)
5m
C 2m
1. AB, the diameter of the
P T 7. The circumference of a circle is 52 cm. Calculate
given circle, is 12 cm. S
Use π = 3,14 to answer 2m the area of the circle correct to 2 decimal places. (4)
A B
the following questions, B
correct to two decimal places. 8. Two circles have the
4.1 Calculate the length of PS correct to same centre.
1.1 Calculate the area of the circle. (4) 2 decimal places. (3) The smaller circle has a
20

1.2 Calculate the perimeter of the radius of 20 cm.

4.2 Calculate the length of PT if PT = 3 % AB. (1) The larger circle has a
semi–circle ACB. (3) 30
radius of 30 cm.
4.3 What kind of quadrilateral is APBT ? (2)
2. If the length of the side of a square is
Calculate:
0,12 cm then the area = 4.4 Calculate the area of the figure correct to
2 2 decimal places. (2) 8.1 the circumference of the smaller circle. (2)
A 0,24 cm
2 8.2 The area of the shaded section. (3)
B 0,144 cm
2
C 1,44 cm 5. A 12 cm D
2
D 0,0144 cm (2) 9. 9.1 Show that the
5 cm area of the
3. Peter runs around the field with the following R shaded ring
dimensions: is equal to
100 m 2 2
B 3 cm T C π(R – r ). (2)

r 9.2 Determine the

In parallelogram ABCD, AB = 5 cm, AD = 12 cm,
60 m area of the
BT = 3 cm and AT ⊥ BC.
shaded ring in
5.1 Calculate the length of AT. (3) terms of π if
R = 14 cm and
5.2 Determine the area of the parallelogram. (3) r = 8 cm. (2)
3.1 How many times must he run around the field
in order to run a distance of at least 4 km? 5.3 Calculate
Use π = 3,14. (4) 5.3.1 the perimeter of trapezium ADCT. (1) For further practice in this topic –
see The Answer Series
3.2 Calculate the area of this field, correct to 5.3.2 the area of trapezium ADCT. (3) Gr 9 Mathematics 2 in 1 on p. 1.26
two decimal places. (4)

Copyright © The Answer Q11

 QUADRILATERALS
Quadrilaterals play a prominent role
right through to Grade 12!

The arrows indicate

various ‘ROUTES’
Pathways of definitions and properties
from ‘any’
quadrilateral to the A Rectangle
square, the ‘ultimate A Parallelogram Definition of a rectangle
quadrilateral’.
A Trapezium Definition of a parallelogram
A parallelogram
with one right angle
A quadrilateral with 2 pairs
of opposite sides parallel Properties of a rectangle

The Sides
Properties of a parallelogram
• 2 pairs of opposite The Square
Definition of a trapezium sides parallel
The Sides
'Any' A quadrilateral with 1 pair • 2 pairs of opposite sides • 2 pairs of opposite
of opposite sides parallel parallel sides equal
Quadrilateral • 2 pairs of opposite sides The Angles
b
Properties of a trapezium equal
a • all 4 angles equal 90º
f The Sides The Angles Definition of a square
The Diagonals . . .
• 1 pair of opposite sides parallel • 2 pairs of opposite
c • bisect each other equally
e
d angles equal (the diagonals are equal to each other!) A rectangle with one pair
of adjacent sides equal
s
The Diagonals . . .
OR
Sum of the ø of • bisect each other A rhombus with one
any quadrilateral = 360° angle of 90º

Properties of a square

A square contains ALL the accumulated

See how the properties properties of sides, angles and diagonals!!!
A Kite Properties of a kite
accumulate as you
move from left to right.
A Rhombus Properties of a rhombus
The Sides
i.e. the first quad has • 2 pairs of adjacent The Sides
no special properties sides equal • all 4 sides
and each successive The Angles equal

QUADRILATERALS
quadrilateral has all • the following pair of angles The Angles
preceding properties. will be equal because of • 2 pairs of opposite angles
isosceles triangles as a result Definition of a rhombus
equal
of adjacent sides equal
A parallelogram with one pair The Diagonals . . .
The Diagonals . . . of adjacent sides equal
Definition of a kite • cut perpendicularly
• cut perpendicularly OR
A kite with 2 pairs of • bisect each other
A quadrilateral with 2 pairs • the LONG DIAGONAL bisects the
opposite sides parallel • bisect the opposite angles
of adjacent sides equal short diagonal and the opposite angles

Q12 Copyright © The Answer

Geometry of Straight lines

MORE STRAIGHT LINE GEOMETRY Angles that 'alternate'

are on opposite sides of the transversal.
Important Vocabulary
These are
When 2 lines are cut 1 2 4 3
pairs of
by another line (a transversal), 4 3
6 interior 'alternate' angles. 5
two families of angles are formed:
5 6 They are NOT necessarily equal.
ˆ 3,
ˆ 2,
1, ˆ 4ˆ and 5, ˆ 7,
ˆ 6, ˆ 8ˆ 8 7

the transversal 1 2
These are
pairs of
exterior 'alternate' angles. Not usually
4 3 1 2 7 8
These are These are used.
interior exterior
5 6 angles. angles. 8 7
These pairs of angles correspond.

1 Note:
2 4
1 2 3 They are NOT
Each of
4 3 5 6 necessarily
these groups 7 8 equal.
5 are 'co-' angles 6
8
7

i.e. they are on the same side of the transversal The FACTS
When 2 PARALLEL lines are cut by a transversal, then
1 2
the corresponding angles are equal,
These are 4 3
4 3 the (interior) alternate angles are equal, and
pairs of
5 co-interior angles.
the co-interior angles are supplementary. 5 6
6
8 7
& conversely:
They are NOT necessarily supplementary.
If the corresponding angles are equal, or if
the (interior) alternate angles are equal, or if
1 These are 2 the co-interior angles are supplementary, then the lines are parallel.
pairs of
co-exterior angles. Not usually Recognise these
8 used. angles in
7
unfamiliar situations.

Copyright © The Answer Q13