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Hvac - Class 5

The document provides an overview of HVAC systems, which include heating, cooling, ventilation, and air conditioning, designed to regulate indoor environments for comfort or industrial purposes. It discusses various heating methods, types of ventilation, air conditioning history, and the three basic types of HVAC systems: All Air, All Water, and Direct Expansion systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of integrated design approaches in architecture and infrastructure related to HVAC systems.

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33 views48 pages

Hvac - Class 5

The document provides an overview of HVAC systems, which include heating, cooling, ventilation, and air conditioning, designed to regulate indoor environments for comfort or industrial purposes. It discusses various heating methods, types of ventilation, air conditioning history, and the three basic types of HVAC systems: All Air, All Water, and Direct Expansion systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of integrated design approaches in architecture and infrastructure related to HVAC systems.

Uploaded by

adugnamesfin697
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HVAC

Active controls
Architectural Science II- ARCH 3262
Active controls

• Is energy- based mechanical system when passive control


cannot fully ensure thermal comfort.
• Includes
HEATING/ COOLING
VENTILATION
AIR CONDITIONING
 (HVAC), related processes designed to regulate ambient
conditions within buildings for comfort or for industrial
purposes.
So what does HVAC System looks like?
HEATING
The Thermal Environment

Heating an area raises temperature in a given space to


a more satisfactory level than that of the atmosphere
• The heat given off by a
fireplace consists of
both direct radiation
from the burning fuel
and indirect radiation
from the hot sidewalls
and back wall
• 85 to 90 % of the heat
from the burning fuel is
lost in the combustion
gases
A thermograph shows the large amount of heat lost through a house’s windows
during winter
HEATING: The Thermal Environment
• Local Heating
• Electricity by cable
• Gas pipe
• Liquid fuel ( oil,
Kerosene)
• Solid fuel ( coal,
firewood)
In all of the above except
the electrical appliances
heat is produced by
combustion of some fuel.
HEATING …
• Oil heaters -create a risk of condensation( need adequate
ventilation)
• Solid fuel appliances- low efficiency
• Gas heaters-have a ‘balanced flue’ where fresh air supply and
the discharge of combustion products is a circuit separated
from the room air.
• Electric heaters- most convenient
HEATING …
Central Heating system
• Heat may be produced centrally in a building or group of
buildings, distributed to the occupied spaces by a heat
transport fluid.
• Fire precautions are dominant

Energy Heat Distribution Heated


emitters
source production network space
By using heating
elements

By using liquid
Thermal Zone
Cooling
• In areas where there is a hot climate ;what do you
think would be the solution for comfort ?
Ventilation
• can be used separately or in combination with the
heating or air-conditioning system,
• controls both the supply and exhaust of air within
given areas in order to provide sufficient oxygen to the
occupants
• and to eliminate odors.
Forced/ Mechanical Ventilation
• Type of Mechanical Ventilation System
- Natural Inlet and Mechanical Extract
• Specially for the extraction from localized sources of heat, moisture,
odor, dust etc like kitchen , industrial processing
- Mechanical Inlet and Natural Extract
• Fresh air in to the enclosed space is induced mechanically
Proper opening have to be provided for natural extracting, other wise
pressure is a problem
System may include air filters
- Mechanical inlet and extract
• Fresh air supply with filters
Duct lay out, grills & dampers should be coordinated with Architectural,
Structural and others …….
Air conditioning
• Air conditioning designates control of the indoor
environment year-round to create and maintain
desirable
- temperature,
- humidity,
- air circulation, and
- purity for the occupants of that space or for the
industrial materials that are handled or stored there.
Historical Background
• Ancient Egypt
• Ancient Rome
• Medieval Persia
• China
• ….

In 1902, the first modern electrical


air conditioning unit was invented
by Willis Carrier
• These units include three important parts,
mainly the
– compressor,
– the evaporator and
– the condenser
These units circulate the air in the space and draw
the heat out of the air, leaving the space cool and
comfortable
Read About types of Air conditioning types.
Geo- Exchange
In summer, heat pumps
move heat from indoors to
the ground,
In the winter , the heat is
moved back form the
ground and pumped
indoor again a seasonal
exchange with the earth.
Water is used to transfer
the heat from the heat
pump to and from the
upper layer of the
earth(30meter)
If pond is available, it can
be the most convenient
heat source/ heat sink.
HVAC systems
• In general there are three basic types of HVAC
systems:
• All Air, All Water, and Direct Expansion or Refrigerant
systems.
• All systems follow the same issues listed above in
system selection, but handle them in different ways.

1. All Air Systems have the heating or refrigerating units


control the quality of the air, from heat to cold and
humidity to filtering. This air is then delivered through
ducts to the final room destination. Common types are
single and double duct systems.
HVAC systems
Air distribution system
HVAC – Ventilation
HVAC systems
2. All Water Systems deliver hot or chilled water to
spaces, which runs in smaller piping than air ducts.
• This water runs into fan coil units that blow air over
the hot or cold coils of fluid to heat or cool the
space.
• Ventilation or air changes must be supplied
separately from the system to get fresh air into the
spaces.
HVAC systems
HVAC systems
3. Direct Expansion Systems (Refrigerant Systems) are self-
contained units used on rooftop or through wall applications.
These systems can eliminate ductwork and can serve individual
needs of spaces without providing unnecessary capacity – in
other words you only run what you need.
Small sections of ductwork can also be used to distribute air
from a centrally located unit.
Cooling is provided by air cooled condensers or chiller units
which require an indoor to outdoor loop.
Heating is accomplished by gas or oil furnaces, electric
heaters, or heat pumps.
Design Approach

1. The integrated design approach


•The design of different infrastructures has
traditionally constituted an excellent opportunity so
that architects participate in the design of objects of
different scale, from lamps to air conditioning ducts
integrated in façade,
Design Approach
This interdisciplinary design of the infrastructures
with other elements of the architecture is evident in
buildings such as Lloyd’s building by Richard Rogers,
where the
lighting
air movement
building services distribution
structure of floor-slabs and
constructive section of the façade
are designed jointly.
Lloyd’s building by Richard Rogers
Pompidou Center, Paris
(Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers)
Design Approach
2. The served and servant approach

Example so outstanding as the concept of served and server


spaces by Kahn, at the Salk Institute, a concept that in itself
generates magnificent buildings, fundamental to
understanding the contemporary design of architecture and
infrastructures.
in the same way that Wright built the Larkin building in 1905,
Design Approach
Design Approach
Assignment
Come up with a hand written and sketched or montaged paper on “
Elements ( Components/ Machines) used in HVAC of Building.”
describe their use.
Summited on A4 Paper on Date Dec 1_ Right before class not after!

There will be Mid Exam Next 2 Week.

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