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5. Trace the circumstances that led to the rise of Hitler in Germany.

• The Nazi Party was founded in Munich in 1919.
10 SS 5 Mark Questions and Answers
• Hitler served the Bavarian Army.
1. Discuss the main causes of First world war. • He was jailed – He wrote Mein Kampf ( My Struggle).
• European alliances and counter alliances • Presidential election In the 1932
• Violent Forms of Nationalism. • In 1934, Hindenburg died.
• Aggresssive attitude of German Emperor. • Hitler became President
• The Balkans’ problems
• Imperialism 6. Attempt a narrative account of how the process of decolonization happened in India
during the inter-war period (1919-39)
• Nationalism
• In 1919 - introduced Dyarchy.

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• Immediate Cause – Murder of Austrian Prince Ferdinand.
• The INC rejected Dyarchy
2. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany. • decided to boycott the legislature.
• Germany was reduced. • death blow to Indian Agriculture.
• Germany had to pay 6,600 million pounds. • Great Depression
• allowed to have Air force and Submarines. • Ottawa summit - preference to imperial goods.
• union of Austria and Germany was forbidden. • Farm Production reduced by half.

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• All German colonies became mandated. • Tax was higher than revenue.
• Alsace – Loraine was returned to France. • The Government of India Act 1935 –
• Provincial elections were introduced.
3. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution under the leadership of Lenin. • The INC won
• influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx.
• did not want Tsar Rule. 7. Analyse the effects of World War – II.
• In 1917 Lenin was in Switzerland. • Two main blocks - America and Russia.
• Lenin wanted continued revolution. • Cold war between America and Russia
• “ Bread, Peace and Land ” was the motto of Lenin. • Race of Nuclear weapons.

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• Colonies became independent.
• led a Revolution against Tsar.
• UN came into existence for peace.
• Lenin made a new communist government in Russia. • Women economically independent.
• Socio economic changes.
4. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations, pointing out the reasons for its failure.
Successes: : 8. Asses the structure and the activities of the UN.
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Solving some territorial disputes and conflicts • UN headquarter - Newyork.
1. Three Issues. • Started on 14 th October,1945.
1. Between Sweden and Finland • 193 member nations.
2. Between Poland and Germany Structure
3. Between Greece and Bulgaria • General Assembly
Reasons for Failure: • Secretariat
1. Lack of strong membership • Security Council (15 members).
2. League had no power • The Economic and Social Council Organisation.
3. League had no army • The trusteeship council
4. ‘ Collective Security “ could not be applied. • The international court of justice.
• World Bank.
• The other Organs FAO, WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNDP.
• USA, Britain, France, Russia and China are permanent members. It has the right to Vote.

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Activities
12. Write an essay on the role played by the 19th century reformers towards the cause of Women.
• Human rights
1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
• peace keeping forces
• Abolition of Sati
• Widow remarriage
9. Estimate the role of Mao Tse tung in making China a communist country.
• education for women.
• Mao born in Hanon City ( China)
• Opposed sati, child marriage, and polygamy.
• Inspired by Lenin’s Russian Revolution.
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidhya Sagar
• Followed Communalism.
• Women Education, Schools for Girls,
• Learnt Marxism.
• betterment of the child widows
• His long March gave success (1934)
3. Swami Dayananda Saraswathi
• Got support from peasants and Military.

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• Opposed Child Marriage
• Under his leadership China developed well.
• supported widow remarriage
10. Discuss the circumstances that led to the Reform Movements of 19th Century. 4. M. G. Ranade:
• English Education • widow Marriage Association
• Educated Middle Class • female education.
• Indian Reformists 5. Jyotiba Phule & Savitribai Phule

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• Revivalists • opposed child marriage
Reform Movements: • opened orphanage to widows
• Sati 6. Parsi reform Movement:
• Female Infanticide • against the practice of child marriage and dowry system.
• Polygamy Baba Ram Singh --
• Child Marriage . • both men and women are equal
• Superstitious beliefs
• Denial of Female Education 13. Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted against the East
• Ban on Widow Remarriage India Company.
• Contention between Kattabomman and English in Tax Collection.

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11. Evaluate the contributions of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda to
• Clash between collector Jackson and Kattabomman.
regenerate Indian Society.
Kattabomman and the Confederacy of Palayakkarars
• Ramakrishna Mission – Kolkatta, Belur.
• He joined with Maruthu Brothers
• Disciple of Ramakrishnar - Vivekananda
Seige of Panchalamkurichi
Ramakrishnar
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• He escaped to Pudukottai
• Through devotional songs – attain God’s grace
• captured and hanged in Kayathar.
• All living beings are God
• He said, “Jiva is Siva”
14. Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its outcome.
• “Service for poor man, must be regarded as God”.
Introduction
Swami Vivekananda
• Marudhu brothers - commander of Sivaganga.
• Ramakrishna Mission – Kolkatta, Belur.
• They worked with Velunachiyar.
• Emphasized a cultural nationalism
Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers
• Education to poor
• They refused to hand over Oomaithurai and Sevathitya.
• Service to mankind is to God.
Proclamation of 1801
• Helping in the natural disasters.
• In June 1801 Marudhu Pandiyars issued a Proclamation of Independence Fall of Sivagangai
• Recovered Hinduism.
• The Marudhu brothers were executed in the fort of Tirupathur.

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15. Outbreak of the Vellore Revolt in 1806. 4. No tax campaign

• In 1806 July 10 the Indian Sepoys revolt against the British in Vellore fort. • no tax campaign in Bardoli in February 1922.
1. Grievances of Indian soldiers 5. Constructive Programme of Gandhi
• low salary, • promoting Khadi,
• treated unequally • Hindu- Muslim unity and
• no promotion given • the abolition of Untouchability.
• Ban on religious symbols 6. Civil Disobedient Movement
• Poorna swaraj
2. New military regulation of Sir John Cradock.
• Salt March towards Dandi
3. Revolt held on 10th July 1806 7. Do or Die
• Indian sepoys shot down the British Officers . • Gandhi gave a call to Do or Die.

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• revolt was suppressed. 8. People leader - Father of Nation
• Tippu’s sons were sent to Calcutta. • Quit India movement 1942
• These factors made Gandhi as a national Leader
16. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Revolt 1857.
18. Explore the reason of Civil Dis – Obedient movement is an important in Gandhian era.
1. Annexation policy of the British
• Complete independence - to attain poorna Swaraj
• The Doctrine of Lapse – Dalhousie
• Salt Satyagraha - 31 January 1930

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• The Doctrine of Paramountcy.
• Sabarmathi – Dandi March
3. Social Changes:
• First Round Table Conference - Gandhiji not attended
• Abolition of Sati, Child Marriage etc.
• Gandhi Irwin pact – 1931
4. Economic causes:
• Renewal of Civil disobedient Movement
• Tax system
5. Discrimination: 19 . Discuss the response to Swadeshi Movement in Tamilnadu.
• Indian’s Salary and Post. Response in Tamilnadu in Tamilnadu.
2. Revolt: • V. O. Chidambaranar
• The introduction of ‘ New Enfield Rifle’. • Subramania Bharati
• Civil Rebellion • Surendranath Arya

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• 1. Indian Sepoys 2. Farmers 3. Zamindars 4. Landlords • Subramania Bharati - raised Patriotic emotions.
5. Effects: • Bipin Chandra Pal toured Madras
• End of the EIC. • His lectures inspired the Youth.
• India became a Crown Colony Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company
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• 1858 - Queen Victoria’s Magna – Carta implemented. • V. O. Chidambaranar.
Tirunelveli Uprising
17. Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader. V.O.C and Subramanya Siva were arrested.
• Gandhiji followed Ahimsa and Non Violence. • Police Station, Court building and Municipal Office were burnt.
1. The role of Gandhi in Freedom Struggle
• Racial discrimination in South Africa 20. Examine the origin and growth of Non- Brahmins Movement in Tamil Nadu.
2. Champaran in Bihar • Political participation of Non Brahmins
• Tinkathia system • Removal of Brahmins from politics.
• Ahamadabad mill strike and Kheda Satyagraha • In 1912 Dravidian movement started in Madras.
3. Non- Co Operation Movement Contribution of Natesanar
• Opposed Rowlatt Act ` • Non Brahmins hostel for students
• Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement Role of Justice Party
• Reservation for Non Brahmins in Government job.
• Took part in election.

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21. Describe the role of Tamil Nadu in the Civil Disobedience Movement. • Source for perennial rivers.
• In Madras people agitate • Block South West Monsoon wind
• Swadesi Song sung • Causes heavy rainfall to North India.
• Before the shops people were picketed. • Provides raw materials.
• Boycott of foreign goods 2. Give an account on the major Peninsular rivers of India.
• T. Prakasam and K. Nageswara Rao • The rivers in South India are called the Peninsular rivers.
• set up a camp at Udayavanam ( Madras) • It originates from the Western Ghats
• Rajaji led salt march ( Vedaranyam ) • Seasonal rivers
East flowing rivers
22. Describe the background for the formation of the Justice Party and point out its contribution to • Mahanadi - Odisha
the cause of social justice.

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• Godavari - Longest
• Formation of Justice party in November 20, 1916.
• Krishna - Second Longest
Important leaders - T. M. Nair, Thiyagarayar and Natesanar
• Cauvery - Ganga of the South
• Published News paper in Tamil - Dravidan.
• Tamirabarani
• Formed First Ministry in Madras.
West flowing rivers
Contribution of Justice party
• Narmada - Longest
• Hindu religious Endowment Act 1926.

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• Tapti. - One of the major river
• Staff Selection Board in 1924.
• Voting right given to Women. 3. Give a detailed account on the basin of the Ganga.
• Mid Day meal • Origin Place - Gangotri Glacier in Uttar Pradesh.
• Free Patta given to poor. • largest drainage system of India.
• Many towns are developed on the banks of the river Ganga.
23. Estimate Periyar E.V.R’s decisive contribution to the social transformation of Tamil Nadu. • Ganga plain - densely populated area .
• Erode Rationalist. • Its length is 2525 km
• EVR Started Self Respect Movement. Major Tributaries
• Condemned superstitious belief and rituals. • Gomati, Gandak, Kosi, Ghaghra, Yamuna, Son and Chambal.

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• Opposed caste based discrimination in Cheran Madevi Gurukulam
• Supported Khadi Sale 4. Write about South West Monsoon.
• Supported prohibition of alchohol • Onset of the monsoon – First week of June
• Succeeded temple entry movement at Vaikom ( Kerala) • Sudden approach of monsoon
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• Fought for Women Empowerment • – lightning and thunder - ” Burst of Monsoon “
• Opposed Devadasi System Two branches.
Geography • One Branch - Arabian Sea
GEOGRAPHY • Other Branch – Bay of Bengal
• India receives 75 % of rainfall
1. Explain the Divisions of Northern Mountains and its importance to India.
• Tamil Nadu receives low rainfall.
Three Divisions are
• The Trans – Himalayas 5. Describe the forests of India.
Temperature /
• Himalayas Types of Forests Types of Trees Distribution
Annual Rainfall
• Eastern Himalayas 1.Tropical 200 cm. or Rubber, rosewood, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala,
Importance of Himalayas. Evergreen Forests more. coconut, bamboo, Assam,
• Natural barrier.
• Pilgrim Centres 2.Tropical 100 to 200 cm Sandalwood, Punjab, Haryana, West Bengal,
• Paradise of tourists. Deciduous Forest rainfall Rosewood, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and

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Tamil Nadu • practiced in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh in India.

3.Tropical Dry : 50 to100 cm Banyan, Palas, , Haryana, Punjab, Pradesh, and PLANTATION FARMING:
Forest Bamboo East Tamil Nadu. • Tea, Coffee, Rubber and Spices are the major Plantation crops of India.
4. Desert Or • Cultivation - large estates on hill slopes.
Semi-Desert Less than 50 cm Babul, wild palms North – West India , • purpose for exports.
Vegetation Deccan • Practiced in Punjab, Meghalaya, Haryana, UP, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarkhand Karnataka,
5. Mountain More than 200 Sal, silver fir, pine, North Eastern mountains Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Forests cm Jammu, Kashmir
9. Examine the geographical conditions favorable for the cultivation of rice and wheat.
6. Tidal Forest Deltas of Ganga- Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna Rice
Brahmaputra • indigenous crop

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7. Coastal Forest Palm and Coconut Coasts of Kerala and Goa • tropical crop
8. Riverine Forest Tamarind trees Great Plains • Second largest producer in the world
• needs a mean of 24°
6. Write any five types of soil India and explain the characteristics and distribution of soil. • Annual rainfall of 150 cm.
• Deep fertile, Clayey or loamy soils are suited
S.No. Characteristics / growing crops Distribution
dark colour Ganga valleys, Plains of U.P, Punjab, Wheat
1. Alluvial Soil

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Haryana etc. • Second most important food crop
• staple food of North India.
Sticky when wet.
2. Black Soil Maharashtra, Telengana, Kathiawar, • grows well Indo Gangetic Plain.
Black in colour
3. Red Soil Rich in iron and magnesium Deccan Plateau , Kerala, Tamil Nadu, • requires 10-15 °
Light texture Karnataka • Major Wheat growing states : Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.
4. Laetrite Soil Assam Hills, Kerala, Karnataka ,
Composed by iron and aluminum
5. Forest and Light, sandy, thin with pieces of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal 10. Write about the distribution of Cotton Textile Industries in India.
Mountain Soil rocks Pradesh, The largest sources of employment generation in the country.
There are 1,719 textiles in India.
7. Write about any two Multipurpose projects of India.
INDIA

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• Scientific management of water resources.
1. The third largest producer of cotton in the world.
• Agriculture - Hydro Power Generation - drinking water - Industrial Purpose
MANCHESTER OF INDIA – MUMBAI
1. Tamil Nadu – Kaveri Mettur Dam • The higher concentration of textile mills in and around
• Largest Dam in Tamil Nadu MAJOR COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRIES
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• Benefit state – Tamil Nadu 1. Maharashtra 4. Punjab
• Very useful for the farmers of Erode, Karur, Trichy, Tanjore and Nagapattinam. 2. Gujarat 5. Tamil Nadu
• Hydro Power generation 3. West Bengal 6. Madhya Pradesh
MANCHESTER OF SOUTH INDIA COIMBATORE
2. Orissa – Mahanadi Hirakud Project.
1. Erode 5. Thirunelveli
• Longest dam in the world
2. Tiruppur 6. Madurai
• Benefit state – Orissa
3. Karur 7. Thuthukudi
4. Chennai 8. Salem and Virudhunagar.
8. Bring out the characteristics of Intensive and Plantation farming.
INTENSIVE FARMING :
11. Describe the major challenges of Indian industries.
• aims to maximize yields
Problems of Industry:
• applied to the raising of livestock
• Shortage in power supply.
• ( cows, pigs, chicken )
• Non availability of Large blocks of Land.
• They are known as factory farms.
• High rate of interest for borrowed loan.

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• Non availability of cheap labourers. 5. District Roads

• Lack of technical and vocational training for employees. 6. connectivity between the State Highways and National Highways.
Challenges of Indian Industries 7. Village Roads
• Wealth creation and sharing 8. links Villages with towns
• Create jobs 9. Border Roads
• Balanced Regional development. 10. maintained by BRO
• GDP and Percapita income. 11. International Highways
• Standard of living • link India with neighbouring countries
• Exports 15. Write an account on river Cauvery.
• Community development • Cauvery originates at Tala cauvery ( Karnataka, Western Ghats)
• Entrepreneurship. • About 416 KM of its course falls in Tamil nadu.

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• It forms Hogenakkal waterfalls in Dharmapuri district.
12. What is urbanization? Explain its problem. • Tributaries are Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi
• The Process of Society’s Transformation Two branches
• rural to Urban is known as Urbanization. 1. Northern branch - Kollidam
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF URBANISATION: 2. Southern branch - Cauvery
1. Cauvery delta is formed - Trichy, Thanjavur and Nagai.
• It creates urban sprawl.

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2. Cauvery delta is called as the “Garden of Southern India”.
• Makes overcrowding in urban centres.
• Leads to shortage of houses in urban areas. 16. Explain the characteristic features of summer and winter seasons of Tamil Nadu.
• Leads to the formation of slums. Summer Season
• Increases traffic congestion in cities. • March to May – Sun’s rays fall vertically over South India.
• Creates Water Scarcity in cities. • Temperature varies from 30 ℃ to 40 ℃ - convectional rainfall
• Creates Drainage problem Winter Season
• January and February
• Increases the rate of crimes.
• Tamil Nadu receives slanting rays from the sun.
• Temperature varies from 15 ℃ to 25 ℃ - practically dry
13. Explain the importance of satellite communication in India.

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• Weather forecasting 17. What are the RISK Reduction measures taken before and after cyclone?
• Monitoring of Natural calamities Measures taken before cyclone
• relaying signals to television, telephone, radio, mobile phones. • Ignore rumours
Types of Satellite • stay calm
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1. INSAT 2. IRS • Don't be panic,
Major Communication Satellites • Keep your mobile phone charged
• GSAT SERIES • listen to radios watch T.V.
• KALPANA-1 • Read newspaper for weather updates.
• HAMSAT • Keep your document
• EDUSAT . • Prepare an emergency kits
• GSAT-7A • Fisherman should keep a radio set.
• Chandrayan -2 • Keep boats and rafts tied up safely.
Measures taken after cyclone
14. Classify and explain the roadways. • Strictly avoid loose electrical
1. National Highways ( NH) • Beware of snakes and other animals
2. Connects capitals of states major ports Rail junctions.
3. State Highways
4. link important cities towns and District Head Quarters

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18. Describe the nature of the plateau region of Tamil Nadu.
Location
• between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.
21. Write about the plantation farming of Tamil Nadu.
• triangular in shape
Tea : Tamil Nadu ranks second in the production of tea in India.
• covers about 60,000 sq.km.
Nilgiris, Coimbatore, Yercaud Madurai, Theni and Dharmapuri.
• height increases from east to west. Coffee : Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
• height ranges between 150 and 600 meters. Rubber : Kanyakumari, Eastern ghats and Western Ghats
Bharamahal plateau Cashew : Cuddalore district.
• part of the Mysore plateau and Tamil Nadu. Cinchona : Anaimalai hills.
• height ranges from 350 to 710 meters. Cardamom : Madurai region.
Coimbatore plateau

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Pepper : Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
• between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts.
• height varies from 150 to 450 meters. 22. Explain the different modes of transport available in Tamilnadu.
• includes Salem, Coimbatore and Erode districts. Roadways
Sigur plateau • total road length of 1,67,000 Km.
• found in the region of Nilgiris • National Highways and State Highways
Madurai plateau • Corporation - Municipality - Village panchayat roads.

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• found in Madurai district Rail ways
• Chennai - headquarter of Southern Railway
19. Bring out the mineral distribution in Tamilnadu. • Chennai has suburban and a MRTS
• Lignite - Neyveli Airways
• Oil and gas - Cauvery Basin • It connects several parts of our nation.
• Iron - Kanjamalai Salem District and • Chennai, Tiruchi, Madurai and Coimbatore has International airport.
Kalrayan malai Thiruvannamalai District. Waterways
• Magnesite - Salem District • Major ports are Chennai, Ennore and Tuticorin
• Bauxite - Servarayan hills, Palani hills and Kollimalai area. • Minor ports are Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Kulachal.

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• Gypsum - Tiruchi, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Virudhunagar
• Limestone - Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dindigul, Kancheepuram, 23. Write about road safety rules.
Karur, Namakkal, Perambalur, Ramathapuram. Tamil nadu leads in the number of road accident
Road safety rules
20. Give an account on water resources of Tamil Nadu. • Aware of the road signals.
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• Water is the precious gift of nature • Stop, look and cross.
• dependent on monsoon rains. • Don’t rush on roads.
• 95 % of the Surface water and 80 % of the ground water • Cross roads in pedestrian crossings.
Types of Water Resources in Tamil Nadu: • Don’t use mobiles while driving.
1 River Basin 17 • Use Seat belt
2 Reservoirs 81
3 Tanks 41,127 CIVICS
4 Tube wells other wells 4,98,644 1. Explain the salient features of the Constitution of India.
5 Open wells 15,06,919 1. Written Constitution
6 Total ( Million Cubic Metres ) 2046788 MCM 2. Lengthiest constitutions of the world.
3. Partly Rigid and Partly Flexible
4. Drawn from different sources
5. Parliamentary democracy
6. Secularism

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7. Federalism Judicial Powers

8. Judicial Independence • Article 72 He grant Pardon, reprieves, respites or to commute the sentence of any person
9. Provision of fundamental rights convicted of an offence.
10. Principles for a welfare state • The president is not answerable to any court of Law For exercise of his/she power.
11. Single citizenship
12. Emergency Provisions 6. What are the Duties and functions of Prime Minister of India.
13. Protection of minorities • decides the rank of his minister.
• Formation of the ministry
2. Point out the Fundamental Rights. • Party Function
Right to Equality • head of the Cabinet and the other ministers
• Art 14 - Equality before law. • Supervises the works of ministers

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Right to Freedom • Converse government affairs
• Freedom of Speech & Education • Acts as a link between the President
Right Against Exploitation • leader of the Nation.
• Prohibition of forced labour. • Chief Spokesperson of the country.
Right to Religion • attends conferences like Common wealth and SAARC.
• Freedom of practice of any religion

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Cultural & Educational Rights 7.. Critically examine the Powers and Functions of the Parliament.
• protection of language & culture of minorities The Powers and Functions of the Parliament
Rights to Constitutional Remedies • change the boundaries of the States.
remedy for the violation of Citizens rights
• Legislation
• passing budget
3. Write briefly on the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
• Discussion of development plans
• called the “ Guardian of the Constitution ’’.
• International relations and internal policies
• A writ is an order issued by a court in writing under its seal.
• Impeach the President
• issues this command to prohibit certain acts.
• remove the Judges of the Supreme and High Courts, Chief Election Commissioner,.
There are five types of Writs.

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• Asking questions and supplementary questions
Habeas Corpus
• Moving motions of adjournment
Mandamus
Prohibition
8. What are the powers and functions of the Chief Minister ?
Certiorari
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• Real head of State
Quowarranto
• Presides over meetings
• Responsible to Legislative Assembly
4. Mention the differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy
• He shuffles and reshuffles his ministry.
S. No. Fundamental Rights Directive Principles of State Policy • guides , directs, controls all the ministers.
1. derived from the Constitution of USA Drawn from the constitution of Ireland. • He advises the Governor in the appointment of the officials.
2. have legal sanctions have moral and political sanctions. • announces the Government policies
• control the party and develop the disciplines.
5. Describe the Executive and Judicial powers of the President of India.
• The president is the nominal and executive authority. 9. Describe the legislative powers of the Governor:
• He is the First citizen of India. • The Governor is the head of the state.
Executive powers • enormous powers.
• He is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. Legislative powers
• He appoints - Prime Minister - council of Ministers • address the state legislature - First session of each year.

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• right to summon, postpone the state legislator and Objectives:

• dissolve the state legislative assembly. • To achieve regional development.
• appoint the Speaker and Deputy Speaker • To set up a more equitable world.
• nominates one member Anglo- Indian Community. • To solve the problems of member nations.
• nominates 1 /6 of the members - State legislative Council • Bridge between developed countries.
• Every bill become law only after his sign • Development of Humanityo
(N
10. Write a detailed note on Non-alignment. Foreign Policy 14. Mention OPEC missions and how does it help other countries
1. AIMS • To coordinate oil policies - member countries
• maintain national independence in foreign affairs. • To secure fair income to petroleum producers.
• Staying away from the two alliances. ( USA and USSR) • Help oil markets

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2. Membership • regular supply of oil to consuming nations.
• 120 countries, 17 states (observers) and 10 international organizations. • grants to social and humanitarian projects.
3. Founding fathers of NAM.
• Jawaharlal Nehru - India ECONOMICS
• Tito - Yugoslavia 1. Briefly explain various terms associated with measuring of National Income.
• Nasser - Egypt 1. Gross National Product (GNP)

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• Sukarno - Indonesia GNP = C + I + G + ( X – M ) + NFIA.
• Kwame Nkumarah - Ghana 2. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
total value of goods and services within geographical boundaries of the country
11. Discuss the core determinants of India’s foreign policy? 3. Net National Product ( NNP)
• Geographical position and size of territory ( NNP = GNP – Depreciation )
• Nation’s history, traditions 4. Net Domestic Product (NDP)
• Natural resources NDP = GDP – Depreciation
• economic development 5. Per Capita Income (PCI)
• Political stability National Income

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• The necessity of peace Percapita Income = ----------------------
• Military strength Population
• International milieu 6. Personal Income (PI) - total money income received before direct taxes.
7. Disposable income (DI)
12. Highlight India and International organisation with special reference to any three
DPI = PI – Direct taxes.
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Name of
the Global Name of the member countries Objectives
2. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? and explain it.
Groupings
To focus on agriculture, education, Methods of GDP calculating
IBSA India, Brazil, South Africa energy, trade, culture and defence 1. Expenditure Approach:
among others Y= C+I+G+(X–M)
To respond to threats such as natural
BCIM Bangladesh, China, India Myanmar disasters and data breaches and 2. The Income Approach:
protect business interests. Y = wages + rent + interest + profit
BBIN Bangladesh, Bhutan For Energy development
India, Nepal 3. Value Added Approach :
Tea Powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea
13. Reasons for the BRICS. Intermediate Goods = Final Good
• Alternate to world Bank.
• Carried development to member nations.

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3. Write the differences between the growth and development. 7. Write about the World Trade Organization.
Growth Development • set up in 1994.
Concept “ Narrower ” Concept “ Broader ” concept • came into Force in January 1, 1995.
• 164 member countries.
Term Short Term in Nature Long –Term in Nature
• Headquarters - Geneva, Switzerland.
Applicability Developed Nation Developing Economics
PURPOSE:-
Frequency In a certain period of time Continuous Process • Regulation and International Trade
• Director General
4. Write about the composition of GDP in India. • Four Deputy Director General
OBJECTIVES OF WTO:
1. PRIMARY SECTOR ( Agricultural sector )
• To resolve trade disputes.
• Cattle farming, fishing, mining, forestry, corn, Coal etc.
• Introducing sustainable development and environment.

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2. SECONDARY SECTOR ( Industrial Sector ) • Ensure full employment.
• Iron and Steel Industry, Cotton Textile, Jute, Sugar, Cement, Paper, Petro Chemical, Automobile
and other small Scale industries. 8. Write the challenges of Globalization.
3. TERTIARY SECTOR ( Service Sector ) Global Competition
• government, scientific research, transport, communication, trade, postal and telegraph, • ( in wages, labour rights and employment practices, etc.)
Banking, Education, Entertainment, Healthcare, IT etc. Consuming junk food
• Degradation of health and spread of diseases.

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5. Explain the following the Economic Policies.
Various Problems
1. Agricultural Policy 2. Industrial Policy 3. New Economic Policy
• Child labour and slavery.
1. Agricultural Policy
• Environmental degradation.
• Development of domestic Agriculture
• Global imbalance.
• Farmers earn more income
• Elimination of Agricultural Risks. 9. Elucidate why the Green Revolution was born.
• Some agricultural policies are Price Policy, Green Revolution, Food Policy 1. Famine
2. Industrial Policy • Food production decreased
• Provides Employment opportunities 2. Main cause

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• Creating new Technology • The growth of population in India.
• Eg. Sugar Industry Policy, Textile Industry Policy. 3. U S A ( ‘Ship to Mouth’ existence)
3. New Economic Policy • Extended assistance through its Public Law 480 (PL 480) scheme.
1. Liberalisation 2. Globalisation 3. Privatisation 4. Key Contributors of the Green Revolution
• Dr. M.S.Swaminathan and Central Minister C.Shanmugam
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6. Briefly explain the advantages and disadvantages of MNC. 5. Effect of Green Revolution 1967
• MNC control production in more than one country. • Self-sufficiency in food grain production.
Advantages of MNC: • Rural employment
• Production of goods at lower cost. • Economic Growth
• Reduce prices
• increase the Purchasing power of consumers world wide 10. Explain Minimum Support Price.
• Growth of job opportunities. • fixed by and expert group
Disadvantages of MNC : • Procurement Centre opens -
• They effect on the environment. • highest crop growing region
• lead to the downfall of smaller, local business. • Farmers – Assured price
• Farmers – Free to sell in the open market
• Farmers - saved against any price crash

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11. Elobarate the public distribution system

• In India - unequal distribution of income 15. What is black money ? Write the causes of Black Money.
• to distribute food grains - PDS. • The unaccounted money.
• Tamilnadu has adopted an universal PDS. • It is concealed from the tax payer.
• NFSA - 2013. Causes of Black Money.
• Tamilnadiu - supplies Rice at a free of cost to all card holders. • Shortage of goods
• Licensing proceedings
12. Write briefly some of the important objectives of India’s agricultural policy? • Contribution of the industrial sector
• The agricultural policy - Central government ( 2010) • Smuggling – because of rigid exchange - Ex. Gold.
• To raise agricultural production • Tax Structure – tax rate is high more black money is generated.

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• Raising the productivity of inputs
• Raising value added for hectare 16. Write in detail about the types of policies adopted by the Tamil Nadu Government to
• Protecting the interact of poor farmers Industrialise.
1. Education
• Modernising agricultural sector
Industries require skilled human resources.
• Environmental degradation
2. Infrastructure
Tamil Nadu is known for its excellent transport infrastructure
13. Write the structure of GST.

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3. Industrial Promotion
• The GST passed on 29 March 2017.
to promote automobile, bio technology and Information and communication Technology
• The motto is one nation, one market, one tax.
State Goods and Service Tax (SGST)
17. Write about the Textile industry cluster in Tamil Nadu.
• VAT/ sales tax, purchase tax, entertainment tax,
Tamil Nadu is home to the largest textiles sector in the country.
Central Goods and Service Tax (CGST):
1. Coimbatore
• Central Excise Duty , service tax, education cess
• ‘Manchester of South India’
Integrated Goods and Service Tax (IGST):
• Most of the spinning mills are in Coimbatore.
• four major GST rates: 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.
• Palladam and Somanur

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2. Erode and Salem region
14. Explain some direct and indirect taxes.
• Have large number of power loom units.
I. Direct Taxes
3. Tiruppur
• imposed on an individual or organization ,
• which is paid directly. • Famous production of cotton Knitwear.
Income tax 4. Karur
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• based on the income of a person. • Major centre of exports of home furnishings like
Wealth tax • table cloth, curtains, bed covers and towels.
• levied on the individuals and companies 5. Bhavani and Kumrapalayam
Corporate tax
• Major centres of production of carpets
• levied on companies
• Foreign companies are taxed on income. • domestic and the global markets.
II. Indirect Taxes 6. Madurai and Kanchipuram
Stamp duty • The traditional artisanal clusters
• paid on official documents. (marriage, registration) • Produce silk and cotton handloom sarees.
Entertainment tax
• movie tickets, tickets to amusement parks, exhibitions and sports 18. Explain the Role of an Entrepreneur.
Excise duty
• They promote development
• duty on manufactured goods at the movement of manufacture.
• help to industrializing rural and backward areas
GST
• Increase the GDP and PCI.
• It is also an indirect tax. The motto is one nation, one market, one tax.

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• contribute the development of society.
Swami Vivekananda
• giving better goods and employment.
• Ramakrishna Mission – Kolkatta, Belur.
• helps to improve their standard of living.
• Follower and Disciple of Ramakrishna
• Emphasized a cultural nationalism
8 Marks Qustion & Answers • Education to poor
• Service to mankind is to God.
HISTORY • Helping in the natural disasters.
1. Discuss the main causes of First world war. • Recovered Hinduism.
• European alliances and counter alliances • His addresses on Hinduism in Chicago was very famous (1893)
• Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia

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• Triple alliances of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy. 4. Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman conducted against
• Violent Forms of Nationalism. the East India Company.
England’s Jingoism, France’s Chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur • Kattabomman became the Palayakkarar of Panchalamkurichi.
were militant forms of nationalism. • Conflicts between Kattabomman and English
They contributed to the outbreak of war. • Problem arose in collecting tax, clash between collector Jackson and Kattabomman.
• Aggresssive attitude of German Emperor. • Kattabomman appeared before Madras Council.
Kattabomman and the confederacy of Palayakkars

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• Hostility of France towards Germany.
• The Balkans’ problems • Kattabomman joined with South Indian Liberal Federation formed by Marudhu brothers.
• Immediate cause – Assassination of Austria Prince Ferdinand. • Collector Lushington not liked the activities of Kattabomman
• He advanced towards sivagiri.
2. Discuss the circumstances that led to the Reform movements of the 19th Century. • So the company ordered the army to march on to Tirunelveli.
• English Education produced a new English educated middle class. Seige of Panchalamkurichi
• Indian people were attracted by rationality, equality, liberty and humanity. • Major Bannerman army ordered Kattabomman to surrender.
Women were a major part of several reform movements. • Kattabomman escaped to Pudukottai
• Sati • Kattabomman was captured
• Female Infanticide .Execution of Kattabomman

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• Polygamy • Kattabomman was hanged in Kayathar.
• Child Marriage
• Superstitious beliefs 5. Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its outcome.
• Subjugation of Women Introduction
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• Denial of Female Education • Marudhu brothers were the able commander of Sivaganga.
• Ban on Widow Remarriage • They worked with Velunachiyar.
• Refusal to study Western Education Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers
• The English demanded that the Marudhu brothers should hand over Oomaithurai and
3. Evaluate the contributions of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda to regenerate Sevathitya.
Indian Society. • They refused.
• Ramakrishna Mission – Kolkatta, Belur. Proclamation of 1801
• Disciple of Ramakrishnar - Vivekananda • In June 1801 Marudhu Pandiyars issued a Proclamation of Independence
Ramakrishnar • It is called Tiruchirappalli Proclamation.
• Through devotional songs – attain God’s grace Fall of Sivagangai
• All living beings are God • The rebellion failed and Sivaganga was annexed with the company in 1801.
• All religion contains Good ideas. • The Marudhu brothers were executed in the fort of Tirupathur.
• He said, “Jiva is Siva” (all living beings are God). • The rebellion of Marudhu brothers called South Indian Rebellion.
• “Service for poor man, must be regarded as God”. • Their courage and sacrifice inspired later generation

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6. Account for the Outbreak of the Vellore Revolt in 1806.
8. Describe the role of Tamil Nadu in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
1806 - Vellore mutiny
• Civil disobedient movement spread in Tamil Nadu.
• In 1806 July 10 the Indian Sepoys revolt against the British in Vellore fort.
• In Madras people agitate
• This is called as Vellore mutiny.
• Swadesi Song sung
Grievances of Indian soldiers
• Before the shops people were picketed.
• Low salary, Treated unequally, No promotion given, Use of religious symbols banned.
• Boycott of foreign goods
• Tippu’s sons and their family members were jailed in fort.
• Rajaji led Salt march.
• New military regulation of Sir John Cradock.
• T.S. S Rajan, Tmt.Rukmanilaxmi, Sardar Vedarathnam took part in the salt march
Outbreak of the Revolt
• T. Prakasam and K. Nageswara Rao set up a camp at Udayavanam near Madras.
• On 10th July 1806 Indian sepoys shot down the Colonnel Fancourt , Garrison and Mekerras.
• Salt Satyagraha in Rameswaram.
• The Rebels proclaimed Fateh Hyder as new ruler.

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• Rukmani Lakshmipathi paid penalty for violation of salt laws.
• They hoisted tiger flag in the fort.
• Colonnel Gillepse and Captain Young reached the fort and brought it under their control.
9. Attempt an essay on the foundation and development of Tamil Renaissance in the 19 th Century.
The revolt was suppressed
1. Tamil Renaissance - Introduction
• Tippu’s sons were ordered to sent Calcutta.
• Research on Tamil language was carried out.
7. Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader. • Arrival of printing press

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• Gandhiji followed Ahimsa and Non Violence. • Ancient Tamil books printed.
1. The role of Gandhi in Freedom Struggle • 1812 Thirukkural published.
• Racial discrimination in South Africa 2. Damodharanar and Swaminathar contribution
• Durban Railway station incident, • They took efforts to publish the classical texts.
- writings of Tolstoy and John Ruskin made Gandhi as Satyagrahis 3. Contribution of Tamil scholars.
2. Champaran in Bihar • U.V. Swaminathar, Thiru.Vi.Ka.
• Tinkathia system abolished by Gandhi. • Prithimar Kalignar, Marailmali Adigal
• Ahamadabad mill strike and Kheda Satyagraha started in 1918. • Subramania Bharathiar, Bharatidasan, Vaiyapuri.
3. Non- Co Operation Movement • Ancient books published
• Opposed Rowlatt Act • Tamil Culture, Literature and religion became popular.

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• Gandhi started the Non-Cooperation Movement in September 1920. • Robert Caldwell popularized antiquity of Tamil.
4. No tax campaign • Abraham Pandit revived Tamil Music.
• Gandhi announced a no tax campaign in Bardoli in February 1922. 4. Tamil linguistic movement in 20th Century.
5. Constructive Programme of Gandhi • Tani Tamil Iyakkam and Tamil Isai Iyakkam.
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• After the Chauri Chaura incident Gandhi focused on promoting Khadi, • Parithimar Kalignar introduced the sonnet (14 lines) form in Tamil.
• Hindu- Muslim unity and • Tamil invocation song in the play Manonmaniam was written by P.Sundaranar
• the abolition of Untouchability. • Maraimalai Adigal promoted the use of pure Tamil words and removed the influence of
6. Civil Disobedient Movement Sanskrit from Tamil language.
• To attain Poorna swaraj Civil Disobedient movement was started
• Started nationwide Satyagraha. 10. Estimate Periyar E.V. R’s decisive contribution to the social transformation of Tamilnadu.
• Salt March towards Dandi • E.V.R Periyar was the founder of the Self Respect Movement.
7. Do or Die 1. Khadi sold, support the campaign for prohibition:
• Gandhi gave a call to Do or Die. • Supported Khadi Sale
8. People leader - Father of Nation • He cut down 500 coconut trees in his farm to support the campaign for prohibition.
• Quit India movement started 2. Social Reforms of Periyar:
• These are the factors made Gandhi as a national Leader and Father of Nation. • He led the temple entry movement at Vaikom
• and succeeded in his attempt.
• - objected caste based discrimination at the Cheranmadevi Gurukulam.

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3. Newspapers:
• He started newspapers like Kudi Arasu and Puratchi. 2. What was the significance of the Battle of Kalakadu.
4. Education: • The Nawab sent an additional contigent of sepoys to Mahfuzkhan and the reinforced army
• Periyar opposed the introduction of Hindi in schools. proceeded to Tirunelveli.
• opposed Kula Kalvi Thittam
• Besides the 1000 sepoys of the company. Mahfuzkhan received 600 more sent by the Nawab.
5. Periyar on Religion.
• He also had the support of Cavalry and foot soldiers from the Carnatic.
• Periyar opposed superstitions.
• He advocated Intercaste and self respect marriages. • Before Mahfuzkhan could station his troops near kalakadu. 2000 soldiers from Travanlore
6. Periyar, a Feminist: joined the forces of puliThevar.
• Fought for Women Empowerment • In the battle at kalakadu Mahfuzkhan troops were routed.
• He condemned Child marriage and Devadasi system.

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• supported women’s right to divorce and property.
3. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany.
• He welcomed equal rights for males and females in property.
• Germany was found guilty of starting the warand therefore was to pay compensation for
• Fought for Women Empowerment
wartime destruction.
12. Trace the career of Velunachiyar. • Germany had to pay for all the damage of the war - 6,600 million pounds – in installments.
• Velunachiyar was born in 1730. • The Germany Army was to be limited to 1,00,000 men.

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• Her father Sellamuthu Sethupathi was the Raja of Ramanathapuram. • Germany was not allowed to have Air force and Submarines.
• The King had no Male heir. • Germany was to acknowledge and respect the Independence of Austria.
• Velu Nachiyar was trained in martial arts. • Germany was forced to give up all the rights of its Overseas Colonies.
• She was trained Valari and Stick Fighting. • All German colonies became mandated.
• She was skilled in horse riding and archery.
• Alsace – Loraine was returned to France.
• She also learned languages like English, French and Urdu.
• The German port of Danzig was to be a free city.
• In 1772 Arcot Nawab and Company troops attacked Kalaiyar Koil Palace.
• The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies.
• Muthu Vadugar killed in the battle.
• Germany was forced to revoke the treaty of Brest - Litousk and Bucharest.
• She was under protection of Gopala Nayakar for 8 years.

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• She organized an army.
• She asked the help of Hyder Ali to fight the English. 4.. Mention the contribution of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar to the social reforms.
• She asked for 5000 infantry and cavalry. • Vidyasagar was the Reformer of Bengal.
• Hyder Ali ordered his Commandant Syed to provide military assistance. • He argued that the Hindu scriptures were progressive.
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• Velunachiyar appointed agents to know the British ammunition. • He provided evidence from scriptures that there was no sanction for burning of widows
• Kuyili helped her to destroy all the ammunition. or for the prohibition on the remarriage of widows.
• She recaptured Sivagangai and crowned as Queen. • He played a leading role in promoting education of girls and helped them in setting up a
• Marudhu Brothers helped her. number of schools.
• She was the first roman ruler to oppose British rule in India.
• He dedicated his whole life for the betterment of the child widows of the Hindu society.
• The movement led by Vidyasagar, resulted in the Widows’ Remarriage Reform Act of
4 Marks Question & Answers 1856.

HISTORY 5. How was the Cuban missile crisis defused?

1. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.
• The Kennedy Government had received intelligence that the USSR was secretly installing
• It lacked the military power of its own. Nuclear missiles in Cuba.
• So it could not enforce member countries. • Finally, Soviet President Khrushchev agreed to removed the missiles.
• The principle of “ Collective Security” could not be applied. • Thus the missile Crisis was defused.

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6.. Kuyili – Write short note.

• Kuyili was a faithful friend of Velunachiyar. UNIT 3
• She led women regiment called ‘ Udayal ‘. 1.
• Kuyili after setting hereself on fire, Rabi Crop Season Kharif Crop Season
• She went British Armoury and destroyed all the ammunition. 1. Sowing : October Sowing : June
2. Harvesting : March Harvesting : September
3. Crops : Wheat, Gram Crops : Rice, Cotton
DISTINGUISH – GEOGRAPHY C TYPE

UNIT 1
1. 2.

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Himalayan Rivers Peninsular Rivers Inundational Canal Perennial Canal
1. Source : Himalayas. Source : Western Ghats. Water is taken out from the rivers by
1. Water is taken out directly from the rivers.
2. Perennial Rivers. Non – Perennial Rivers. constructing dams and barrages.
3. Ex: Indus, Ganga & Yamuna Ex: Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri useful for the diversion of flood water
2. have water throughout the year
2. during rainy season.
Western Ghats Eastern Ghats 3. not used regularly. are used regularly.

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1. Continuous Range. Continuous Range
2. There are three important passes. There is no pass. 3.
3. Marine Fishing Inland Fishing
Western Coastal Plains Eastern Coastal Plains. 1. Fishing place : Coastal, Off-shore and Fishing place : Rivers, Lakes, Canals,
1. not a fertile Region. Fertile Region. deep sea. ponds
2. Narrowest. Longest 2. Leading producer : Kerala Leading producer : Andhra Pradesh
4.
UNIT 2 Alluvial Soils Black Soils
1. 1.. Crops : Rice, Wheat, Sugarcane Crops: Cotton, Millets

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Weather Climate 2. It is sandy It is sticky
1.. Changeable Unchangeable 3. AREA: Uttar Pradesh AREA: Maharastra, Andhra Pradesh and
2. changes daily. records of 35 years of weather. Karnataka.
3. a day to day condition of Atmosphere average state of weather.
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2. UNIT 4
Tropical Evergreen Forest Deciduous Forest 1.
1. Annual rainfall : above 200 cm. Annual rainfall : 100 to 200 cm. Renewable Resources Non – Renewable Resources
2. Evergreen forest. Monsoon forest. 1. can be renewed after usage . cannot be renewed again after usage.
3. Eg: Rubber, Rosewood, Eg: Teak, Sal 2. Eg. Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Tidal Energy, Eg: Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas
Wave Energy,
3.
2.
North East Monsoon South West Monsoon
Metallic minerals Non - metallic minerals
1. October TO December June to September
1. contain metallic elements do not contain metals
2. Low rainfall – Dry wind Heavy rainfall – moisture wind
2. look shining. look dull colour.
3. Area : Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Area : West Coastal Plains
3. Eg: Iron, Copper, Gold Eg: Mica, Limestone, Coal, Petroleum

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3.
Agro based Industries Mineral based Industries 5.
1. Raw Materials : Raw Materials : Waterways Airways
Agricultural Source Metallic and Non-metallic minerals 1. Cheapest Costliest and fastest
3. Eg: Cotton Textile Industry, Sugar Industry Eg: Cement and Steel and Iron 2. 2 types 2 types
Industries. Inland Waterways and Domestic Airways and
4. Ocean Waterways. International Airways.
Jute Industry Sugar Industry 6.
1.. Raw Materials: Raw Materials: Sugarcane and Sugar Internal Trade International Trade.
Jute Beet 1. Local Currency is used Foreign Currency is used
2. Bi-Products: Jute bags, Rope, Mats By-Products: Bagasse 2. Domestic Trade or Local Trade. Foreign Trade or External Trade.

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3. Chief Centres: West Bengal & AP Chief Centres: UP & Bihar
UNIT 6
5. 1.
Conventional Energy Non- Conventional Energy THAMIRAPARANI CAUVERY
1. Non renewable resources. Renewable resources . originates from a peak in pothigai originates at Tala cauvery in the Brahmagiri hills of
1
2. cause pollution do not cause any pollution hills on the western ghats. kodagu district in Karnataka.

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3. Eg: Coal, Petroleum Eg: Solar Energy Wind Energy. Karaiyar, Servalar Manimuthar,
2 Chittar, Ramanathi, Pachaiyar, Bhavani, Noyyal Amaravathi are its tributaries.
UNIT 5 Gadanathi are its main tributaries.
1 1. It flows into Buy of Bengal in Delta of Cauvery coast in called as the Garden of
3
Density of Population Growth of population Thoothukudi district. south India.
Expressed as number of persons per per UNIT 7
2. expressed in percentage.
sq.km. 1.
most densely populated state of India - Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in the MARINE FISHING INLAND FISHING
3.
Bihar. country. Fishing carried out in oceans and Fishing carried out in lakes, rivers, ponds,
1

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seas.. estuaries, backwaters and swamps.
2. Large mechanised boats are used for Catamaran, diesel boats, and floating nets are
2
Personal communication Mass Communication fishing. used for fishing.
1. Link two people Link millions of people Chennai, Kanyakumari,
Vellore, Cuddalore, Sivagangai are inland fish
3 Ramanathapuram, Nagapattinam are
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2. Ex. Postal service, Telephone, Mobile Ex. Radio, Television, Newspapers production areas.
Phone , SMS, Internet, E-Mail etc. fish production areas.
2.
3. Food Crops Commercial Crops
Print Media Electronic Media 1. Crops : Paddy, Millets, and Pulses Crops : Cotton, Tea, Coffee, Rubber,
1. Print resources. Electronic resources. Coconut
2. Newspapers Radio, Television And E-Mail, 2. Area : Thanjavur, Thiruvallur, Area : Virudhunagar, Coimbatore,
Thiruvarur and Kanchipuram. Kanniyakumari and Nilgiris
4. 3.
Roadways Railways SURFACE WATER GROUND WATER
1. for car, Buses, Bikes, Scooter etc. for trains. Most of the surface water is tapped for Most of the ground water is used for drinking
1
2. Connects Villages Connects Cities irrigation. purpose.
3. for short distance services. for long distance services There are 17 major river basins, 81
2 The utilization is about 60% of available recharge
reservoirs and about 41,262 tanks.

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UNIT 7 UNIT 7
10 SS GIVE REASON 1. Farmers switch over from inorganic to organic farming.
UNIT 1 • Chemical fertilizers, pesticides and growth regulator are not used in organic farming.
1. Himalayas are called young fold mountains • It helps to maintain soil productivity.
• formed because of the folding of the Earth crust due to Tectonic Activity. 2. Cities are densely populated than the villages.
2. North Indian Rivers are perennial • Cities Provide more employment opportunities
• Educational institutions
• North Indian Rivers are fed by the Himalayan Glaciers.
• Health services
3. South Indian rivers are east flowing.
• Higher wages
• originate from the western Ghats.
• Entertainment
• topography of South India slopes towards east.
Transport and trade facilities people migrates into metropolitan areas.

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• So the south Indian rivers are east flowing.
3. Karur is called the Textile Capital of Tamil Nadu.
4. West flowing rivers do not form deltas.
• Because of the concentration of many Textile Industries.
• The Western Coastal plain is narrow. And it is flooded during high tides.
• So the West flowing rivers do not form deltas.
PTA Questions * 2 Marks * Book Interior Questions
UNIT 2
1. Berlin Wall

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1. Western Coastal plain is narrow.
• The Rivers flowing through the Coastal Plain do not form any Delta. • The division of Germany into West and East led to glaring differences in living
standards.
2. India has a tropical monsoon climate.
• Germany was officially reunited on 3 October 1990.
• Latitudinally most of India lies in the tropical belt.
2. Champaran Satyagraha
• The climate of India is also influenced by the Monsoon Winds.
• Gandhiji led the Champaran Satyagraha .
3. Mountains are cooler than the plains.
• He succeeded in the abolition of Tinkathia system and put an end to the oppression of
• As per the Normal Lapse rate temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5 ℃ for every 1000 mts.
the peasants by the indigo planters.
ascent. 3. Periyar, Vaikom Hero
UNIT 3 • The untouchables were not allowed into the temple at Vaikom, Kerala.
1. Agriculture is the backbone of India.

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• Periyar protested a movement and succeeded in his attempt. So he is called as Vaikom
• Indian Economy is mainly based on agriculture. Hero.
• India gets 50% of employment and 25% of National Income through agriculture. 4. Military equipment – World War II
2. Rain water harvesting is necessary. • Tanks, Submarines, battleships, aircraft carriers, fighter planes and bomber planes.
• Indian Rainfall is Erratic in Nature. 5. Cold War
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• Useful For Agriculture, Domestic and Industrial Sector. • The rivalry that developed after World War II between the US and the USSR.
and their respective allies created tension which is referred to as Cold War.
UNIT 6 6. Lattern Treaty
1. Eastern Ghats are not a continuous range. • The Lateran Treaty was signed in1929.
• Eastern Ghats are cut through at many places by the major rivers • It was signed by Benito Mussolini for the Italian government.
2. Tamil Nadu receives low rain fall during South West Monsoon. 7. Formation of Coastal plains
• As Tamil Nadu lies in the Leeward side of the Western Ghats. • By the depositional action of the rivers and the erosional and depositional actions of the
3. Cuddalore is a multi prone disaster zone. sea – waves.
• Cuddalore is located near by the sea. 8. Chennai , Detroit of Asia
• Cuddalore affected by Tsuanami ( 2004) earthquake ( 2011) and Flood. • Due to the presence of major automobile manufacturing units and allied industries
• So Cuddalore is a multi prone disaster Zone. around the city.
9. Different names of shifting agtriculture
• Jhum – Assam
• Poonam -- Kerala

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• Podu -- Andhra Pradesh, Odisha 6. India’s global security concern

• Beewar, Mashan -- Various parts of Madhya Pradesh • Military modernization, maritime security and nuclear policies.
10. India’s nuclear doctrine
• No first use
• Credible minimum deterrence
11. Universal Adult Franchise
• All Indian Citizens above 18 years of age who are registered as voters will vote for their
representatives.
12. Mandamus :
• It protects the petitioner who requires legal help to get his work done by respective
public authorities.

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13. Appellate jurisdiction
• As courts of appeal, all High Courts entertain appeals in civil and criminal cases from
their subordinate Courts as well as on their own.

14. Secondary Sector

• Iron Industry - Steel Industry - Cotton Textile

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• Jute, Sugar, Cement, Paper and Automobile industries
15. SIPCOT
• SIPCOT was formed in the year 1971 to promote industrial growth in the state by
setting up industrial estates.

PTA Questions * 2 Marks * Q.No. 28 Compulsory Questions

1. Un even distribution of population in India.

• Physical factors

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• Socio Economic factors
• Historical factors
2. Geographical Indication
• Geographical Indication is a name or sign used on products which corresponds to a
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specific geographical location. It provides rights and protection of holders.
Eg. Pattamadai – Mat 2. Erode – Turmeric
3. Management of Soil
1. Afforestation
2. Constructing Dams and Barrages
3. Prevention of Overgrazing
4. Contour method
5. Rotation of crops
6. Contours bounding
7. Strip Cropping
4. Main Centres of IT parks
• Bengaluru - Hyderabad - Chennai
• Pune - New Delhi - Ahmedabad
5. Role of Mangroves in Coastal Zone Management.
• It protects coral reefs and sea grass meadows from being smothered in sediments.

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