Question:1

What is the difference between a theorem and an axiom?

Theorem: A statement that requires proof is called theorem.

Question:2
Define the following terms:
i
Line segment
ii
Ray
iii
Intersecting lines
iv
Parallel lines
v
Half line
vi
Concurrent lines
vii
Collinear points
viii
Plane
Solution:
i Line segment :A line segment is a part of line that is bounded by two distinct end-points. A line segment has a
fixed length.

ii Ray: A line with a start point but no end point and without a definite length is a ray.

iii Intersecting lines: Two lines with a common point are called intersecting lines.
iv Parallel lines: Two lines in a plane without a common point are parallel lines.

v Half line: A straight line extending from a point indefinitely in one direction only is a half line.

vi Concurrent lines: Three or more lines intersecting at the same point are said to be concurrent.

vii Collinear points: Three or more than three points are said to be collinear if there is a line, which contains all the
points.

viii Plane: A plane is a surface such that every point of the line joining any two point on it, lies on it.

Question:3
In the adjoining figure, name
i
six points
ii
five lines segments
iii
four rays
iv
four lines
v
four collinear points

Solution:
i
Points are A, B, C, D, P and R.

ii
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
EF, GH, FH , EG, MN

iii
→ → → →
EP, GR, HS, FQ

iv
↔ ↔ ↔ ↔
AB, CD, PQ, RS

v
Collinear points are M, E, G and B.

Question:4
In the adjoining figure, name:
i
two pairs of intersecting lines and their corresponding points of intersection
ii
three concurrent lines and their points of intersection
iii
three rays
iv
two line segments

Solution:
i
Two pairs of intersecting lines and their point of intersection are

{ }{ }
↔ ↔ ↔ ↔
EF, GH, point R , AB, CD, point P

ii
Three concurrent lines are

{ }
↔ ↔ ↔
AB, EF, GH, point R

iii
Three rays are

{ }
→ → →
RB, RH, RF
iv
Two line segments are

{ }
¯ ¯
RQ and RP

Question:5
From the given figure, name the following:
a
Three lines
b
One rectilinear figure
c
Four concurrent points

Solution:

a
↔
Line PQ
↔
, LineRS
↔
and LineAB

b
CEFG

c
No point is concurrent.

Question:6
i
How many lines can be drawn through a given point?
ii
How many lines can be drawn through two given points?
iii
At how many points can two lines at the most intersect?
iv
If A, B and C are three collinear points, name all the line segments determined by them.
Solution:
i
Infinite lines can be drawn through a given point.
ii
Only one line can be drawn through two given points.

iii
At most two lines can intersect at one point.

iv
The line segments determined by three collinear points A, B and C are
¯
AB, BC and AC.

Question:7
Which of the following statements are true?
i
A line segment has no definite length.
ii
A ray has no end-point.
iii
A line has a definite length.
iv
↔
A line AB
↔
is same as line BA
.
v
A ray → AB
is same as ray → BA
.
vi
Two distinct points always determine a unique line.
vii
Three lines are concurrent if they have a common point.
viii
Two distinct lines cannot have more than one point in common.
ix
Two intersecting lines cannot be both parallel to the same line.
x
Open half-line is the same thing as ray.
xi
Two lines may intersect in two points.
xii
Two lines are parallel only when they have no point in common.
Solution:
i
False. A line segment has a definite length.

ii
False. A ray has one end-point.
iii
False. A line has no definite length.

iv
True

v
↔
False. BA
↔
and AB
have different end-points.
vi
True

vii
True

viii
True

ix
True

x
True

xi
False. Two lines intersect at only one point.

xii
True

Question:8
In the given figure, L and M are the mid- points of AB and BC respectively.

i
If AB = BC, prove that AL = MC.
ii
If BL = BM, prove that AB = BC.

Hint
i
1 1
AB = BC ⇒ 2 AB = 2 BC ⇒ AL = MC
.
ii
BL = BM ⇒ 2BL = 2BM ⇒ AB = BC
.
Solution:

i
It is given that L is the mid-point of AB.

1
∴ AL = BL = 2

AB .....1

Also, M is the mid-point of BC.

1
∴ BM = MC = 2

BC .....2

AB = BC Given

1
⇒ 2
1
AB = 2

BC Thingswhicharehalvesofthesamethingareequaltooneanother

⇒ AL = MC

From(1)and(2)

ii
It is given that L is the mid-point of AB.

1
∴ AL = BL = 2
AB

⇒ 2AL = 2BL = AB .....3

Also, M is the mid-point of BC.

1
∴ BM = MC = 2

BC

⇒ 2BM = 2MC = BC .....4

BL = BM Given

⇒ 2BL = 2BM Thingswhicharedoubleofthesamethingareequaltooneanother

⇒ AB = BC

From(3)and(4)
 From(3)and(4)

Question:9
In ancient India, the shapes of altars used for household rituals were
a
squares and rectangles
b
squares and circles
c
triangles and rectangles
d
trapeziums and pyramids
Solution:
b
squares and circles

Question:10
In ancient India, altars with combination of shapes like rectangles, triangles and trapeziums were used for
a
household rituals
b
public rituals
c
both a
and b

d
none of a
,b
and c
Solution:
The construction of altars orvedis
and fireplaces for performining vedic rituals resulted in the origin of the geometry of vedic period. Square and
circular altars were used for household rituals whereas the altars with combination of shapes like rectangles,
triangles and trapezium were used for public rituals.

Hence, the correct answer is option b

Question:11
The number of interwoven isosceles triangles in a Sriyantra is
a
five
b
seven
c
nine
d
eleven
Solution:
c
nine

Question:12
In Indus Valley Civilisation aboutBC3000
, the bricks used for construction work were having dimensions in the ratio of
a
5:3:2
b
4:2:1
c
4:3:2
d
6:4:2
Solution:
b
4:2:1

Question:13
Into how many chapters was the famous treatise, 'The Elements' divided by Euclid?
a
13
b
12
c
11
d
9
Solution:

The famous treatise, 'The Elements' by Euclid is divided into 13 chapters.

Hence, the correct answer is option a

Question:14
Euclid belongs to the country
a
India
b
Greece
c
Japan
d
Egypt
Solution:
b
Greece

Question:15
Thales belongs to the country
a
India
b
Egypt
c
Greece
d
Babylonia
Solution:
c
Greece
Question:16
Pythagoras was a student of
i
Euclid
ii
Thales
iii
Archimedes
iv
Bhaskara
Solution:
ii
Thales

Question:17
Which of the following needs a proof?
a
axiom
b
postulate
c
definition
d
theorem
Solution:
d
theorem

Question:18
The statement that 'the lines are parallel if they do not intersect' is in the form of
a
a definition
b
an axiom
c
a postulate
d
a theorem
Solution:
a
a definition

Question:19
Euclid stated that 'all right angles are equal to each other', in the form of
a
a definition
b
an axiom
c
a postulate
d
a proof
Solution:
b
an axiom

Question:20
A pyramid is a solid figure, whose base is
a
only a triangle
b
only a square
c
only a rectangle
d
any polygon
Solution:
d
any polygon

Question:21
The side faces of a pyramid are
a
triangles
b
squares
c
trapeziums
d
polygons
Solution:
a
triangles

Question:22
The number of dimensions of a solid are
a
1
b
2
c
3
d
5
Solution:

A solid shape has length, breadth and height. Thus, a solid has three dimensions.

Hence, the correct answer is option c

Question:23
The number of dimensions of a surface are
a
1
b
2
c
3
d
0
Solution:

A plane surface has length and breadth, but it has no height. Thus, a plane surface has two dimensions.

Hence, the correct answer is option b

Question:24
How many dimensions does a point have
a
0
b
1
c
2
d
3
Solution:

A point is a fine dot which represents an exact position. It has no length, no breadth and no height. Thus, a point
has no dimension or a point has zero dimension.

Hence, the correct answer is option a

Question:25
Boundaries of solids are
a
lines
b
curves
c
surfaces
d
none of these
Solution:
c
surfaces

Question:26
Boundaries of surfaces are
a
lines
b
curves
c
polygons
d
none of these
Solution:
b
curves
Question:27
The number of planes passing through 3 non-collinear points is
a
4
b
3
c
2
d
1
Solution:
d
1

Question:28
Axioms are assumed
a
definitions
b
theorems
c
universal truths specific to geometry
d
universal truths in all branches of mathematics
Solution:
d
universal truths in all branches of mathematics

Question:29
Which of the following is a true statement?
a
The floor and a wall of a room are parallel planes.
b
The ceiling and a wall of a room are parallel planes.
c
The floor and the ceiling of a room are parallel planes.
d
Two adjacent walls of a room are parallel planes.
Solution:
c
The floor and the ceiling of a room are parallel planes.

Question:30
Which of the following is a true statement?
a
Only a unique line can be drawn through a given point.
b
Infinitely many lines can be drawn through two given points.
c
If two circles are equal, then their radii are equal.
d
A line has a definite length.
Solution:
c
If two c irc les are equal, then their radii are equal.
Question:31
Which of the following is a false statement?
a
An infinite number of lines can be drawn through a given point.
b
A unique line can be drawn through two given points.
c
Ray → AB = ray → BA
.
d
A ray has one end-point.
Solution:
c

→ →
Ray AB = Ray BA

Question:32
A point C is called the mid-point of a line segment AB
if
a
C is an interior point of AB
b
AC = CB
c
C is an interior point of AB, such that AC = CB

d
AC + CB = AB
Solution:
c
C is an interior point of AB, such that AC = CB

Question:33
A point C is said to lie between the points A and B if
a
AC = CB
b
AC + CB = AB
c
points A, C and B are collinear
d
None of these
Solution:
c
points A, C and B are collinear

Question:34
Euclid's which axiom illustrates the statement that when x + y = 15, then x + y + z = 15 + z?
a
first
b
second
c
third
d
fourth
Solution:

Euclid's second axiom states that if equals be added to equals, the wholes are equal.

x + y = 15

Adding z to both sides, we get

x + y + z = 15 + z

Thus, Euclid's second axiom illustrates the statement that when x + y = 15, then x + y + z = 15 + z.

Hence, the correct answer is option b

Question:35
A is of the same age as B and C is of the same age as B. Euclid's which axiom illustrates the relative ages of A
and C?
a
First axiom
b
second axiom
c
Third axiom
d
Fourth axiom
Solution:

Euclid's first axiom states that the things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another.

It is given that, the age of A is equal to the age of B and the age of C is equal to the age of B.

Using Euclid's first axiom, we conclude that the age of A is equal to the age of C.

Thus, Euclid's first axiom illustrates the relative ages of A and C.

Hence, the correct answer is option a