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Normal Distribution Stud

The document covers the properties of the normal distribution, including its symmetry, bell shape, and the significance of mean and standard deviation. It explains the standard normal distribution, z-scores, and the empirical rule for estimating probabilities. Additionally, it highlights real-world applications of the normal distribution in various fields such as finance, healthcare, and education.

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romegodoy831
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23 views19 pages

Normal Distribution Stud

The document covers the properties of the normal distribution, including its symmetry, bell shape, and the significance of mean and standard deviation. It explains the standard normal distribution, z-scores, and the empirical rule for estimating probabilities. Additionally, it highlights real-world applications of the normal distribution in various fields such as finance, healthcare, and education.

Uploaded by

romegodoy831
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMAL

DISTRIBUTION
juneslao
By the end of this lecture, you will:

Understand the properties of the


normal distribution.
Learn about the standard normal
distribution and z-scores.
OBJECTIVES Apply the empirical rule to solve
problems.
Calculate probabilities using the
normal distribution.
Explore real-world applications of the
normal distribution.
PROPERTIES OF THE
NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
• The normal distribution has
the following key properties:

• Symmetry: The curve is


symmetric about the mean
(μ).

• Mean, Median, and Mode:


All three measures of central
tendency are equal and
located at the center of the
distribution.
PROPERTIES OF THE
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
• Bell-shaped Curve: The graph of the
normal distribution is bell-shaped,
with the highest point at the mean.

• Asymptotic: The tails of the curve


approach the x-axis but never touch
it.

• Spread: The spread of the


distribution is determined by the
standard deviation (σ). A smaller σ
results in a steeper curve, while a
larger σ results in a flatter curve.
PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION
(PDF)
PDF is defining the probability function representing

the density of a continuous random variable lying

between a specific range of values. The normal

distribution is given by:

Where:
• μ: Mean of the distribution.

• σ: Standard deviation of the distribution.


STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
• The standard normal distribution is a
special case of the normal distribution
with:
• Mean (μ) = 0
• Standard deviation (σ) = 1
• Any normal distribution can be
converted into the standard normal
distribution using the z-score formula:
EMPIRICAL RULE (68-95-99.7 RULE)
For a normal distribution:
• 68% of the data falls within ±1σ of the
mean.
• 95% of the data falls within ±2σ of the
mean.
• 99.7% of the data falls within ±3σ of the
mean.
• This rule helps us quickly estimate
probabilities and understand the spread
of data.
WHAT IS A Z-TABLE?
• A z-table provides the cumulative probability for a
given z-score in a standard normal distribution
(mean = 0, standard deviation = 1). The cumulative
probability is the area under the curve to the left of
a given z-score.
• The Z-table (also called the Standard Normal Table
or Unit Normal Table) is a statistical tool used to find
the probability of a standard normal variable (Z-
score).
• This means that the probability value you find in the
table represents 𝑃(𝑍<𝑧), or the likelihood that a
standard normal variable is less than the given Z-
score.
A. Locate the Z-Score in the Table
1. Positive Z-Scores: If the z-score is positive, use
the positive z-table.
2. Negative Z-Scores: If the z-score is negative, use
the negative z-table.

GUIDE TO -Most z-tables are structured similarly. They have rows


for the first two digits of the z-score and columns for
USING THE Z- the second decimal place.

TABLE
B. Interpret the Probability
• The value from the z-table is the probability that a
randomly selected value from the distribution is less than
or equal to the given z-score.
• If you need the probability of a value being greater
than the z-score, subtract the table value from 1:
P(Z>z)=1−P(Z≤z)
EXAMPLE
Positive Z-Score Negative Z-Score
EXAMPLE
Probability of a Value
Probability of a Range Greater Than a Z-Score
KEY POINTS TO
REMEMBER
• The z-table gives the cumulative
probability to the left of a z-score.

• For negative z-scores, use the


negative z-table.

• To find the probability of a value


being greater than a z-score, subtract
the table value from 1.

• To find the probability of a value


being between two z-scores, subtract
the smaller cumulative probability
from the larger one.
CALCULATING PROBABILITIES

To calculate probabilities for a normal distribution:

1. Convert the value x to a z-score using the formula:

z=(x−μ)/σ

2. Use the z-table to find the probability corresponding to the z-score.

3. Interpret the probability in the context of the problem.


EXAMPLES
Problem:
• The heights of adult males are
normally distributed with a mean
(μ) of 70 inches and a standard
deviation (σ) of 3 inches.

• a) What is the probability that a


randomly selected adult male is
taller than 76 inches?
EXAMPLES
Problem:
• The heights of adult males
are normally distributed
with a mean (μ) of 70
inches and a standard
deviation (σ) of 3 inches.

• b) What is the probability


that a randomly selected
adult male is between 64
and 73 inches tall?
EXAMPLES 2
Problem:

• Exam scores are normally


distributed with a mean (μ) of
75 and a standard deviation
(σ) of 10.

• a) What is the probability that


a student scored less than 60?
EXAMPLES 2
Problem:

• Exam scores are normally


distributed with a mean (μ)
of 75 and a standard
deviation (σ) of 10.

• b) What is the probability


that a student scored
between 80 and 90?
Quality Control: Monitoring product
dimensions in manufacturing.

Finance: Modeling stock returns and risk


assessment.

REAL-WORLD Healthcare: Analyzing blood pressure,


APPLICATIONS cholesterol levels.

Education: Grading on a curve (e.g., SAT


scores).

Natural Phenomena: Heights, weights, and


IQ scores.
The normal distribution is symmetric, bell-
shaped, and defined by μ and σ.

The standard normal distribution


has μ= and σ=1.

The empirical rule helps estimate


SUMMARY probabilities quickly.

Z-scores convert any normal distribution to


the standard normal distribution.

Applications are vast, from natural


phenomena to finance and healthcare.

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