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2 Subnetting

The document discusses subnetting, which is the process of dividing a large network into smaller, interconnected networks to reduce traffic and optimize performance. It outlines the advantages of subnetting, methods to prevent IP address wastage, and provides examples of how to allocate IP addresses using Class A, B, and C networks. The document also explains the calculation of host bits, subnet masks, and block sizes for different IP address requirements.

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22 views17 pages

2 Subnetting

The document discusses subnetting, which is the process of dividing a large network into smaller, interconnected networks to reduce traffic and optimize performance. It outlines the advantages of subnetting, methods to prevent IP address wastage, and provides examples of how to allocate IP addresses using Class A, B, and C networks. The document also explains the calculation of host bits, subnet masks, and block sizes for different IP address requirements.

Uploaded by

gaurav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 17

https://www.youtube.

com/@techwithravish
Subnetting: -
One goal of a subnet is to split a large network into a
grouping of smaller, interconnected networks to help
minimize traffic.
Advantages of Subnetting:
• Reduce Network Traffic
• Optimized Network Performance
• Simplified Management
• Facilitated Spanning of Large geographical distance.
• Bandwidth Utilization will increase
How to Prevent wastage of IP Address?
Because of IPV4 addresses are Limited we have
some methods to save the IP Address: -
• Using Private IP Addresses
• Using the Subnetting
• IPV6 Addresses

https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Why Need Subnetting?
Host Available in Class A, Class B and Class C:
Class C: 256 Fixed
Class B: 65,536 Fixed
Class A: 16,777,216 Fixed
Let us take some example,
Need 2 IP Address but provide 256 IP, Waste 254
Need 4 IP Address but provide 256 IP, Waste 250
Need 60 IP Address but provide 256 IP, Waste 296
From 0-254 Address 256 IP will be allotted
This is result of wastage of IP
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Why Need Subnetting?
In Case of Class B, Number of Host = 65536
so,
If Need 500 IP Address but provide 65536 IP
If Need 1000 IP Address but provide 65536 IP,
If Need 2000 IP Address but provide 65536 IP,

Means if need any IP in between 255 – 65536 Addresses,


65536 IP Addresses will be allotted
This is result of Lots of wastage of IP
How to Allot 60 IP Address:
Allotting 60 IP Address from 192.168.1.0 Network of Class C,
192.168.1.0 - Network IP
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.2 Requirement
.
192.168.1.60
192.168.1.61
. Wastage of 194 IP
192.168.1.254
192.168.1.255 – Broadcast IP
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Class C Subnetting
Email: Need 60 IP Addresses.
Ans: We will use the Class C network 192.168.1.0
Step 1: Find the Host bit “n”:
(2^n)-2>=60 Satisfy Equation by putting
(2^6)-2>=60 values of N as 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(64)-2>=60
62>=60, here n = 6

Last 6 Bits of 32 Bits will be used as the host Bit.


STEP 2: Default Subnet Mask to Custom Subnet mask
- According to the Step 1, there are total 6 Host bits
- Host Bits Represented by 0

Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0


11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Moving Right to Left and turn 6 bits “0” and Remaining 1

11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
Customized Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Count the 1s in the above bit format,
CIDR Value = /26
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Step 3: Block Size = 2^n = 2^6=64

Allotting the IP Address:


192.168.10.0 Network IP
192.168.10.1/26
192.168.10.2/26
192.168.10.3/26 Valid IP Addresses = 62
.
.
192.168.10.62/26
192.168.10.63 Broadcast IP
Wastage = 62 – 60 = 2 (This wastage cannot be saved)
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Example 2:
Email: Need 30 IP Addresses.
Ans: We will use the Class C network 192.168.1.0
Step 1: Find the Host bit “n”:
(2^n)-2>=30 Satisfy Equation by putting
(2^5)-2>=30 values of N as 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(32)-2>=30
30>=30, here n = 5

Last 5 Bits of 32 Bits will be used as the host Bit.


STEP 2: Default Subnet Mask to Custom Subnet mask
- According to the Step 1, there are total 5 Host bits
- Host Bits Represented by 0

Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0


11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Moving Right to Left and turn 5 bits “0” and Remaining 1

11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000
Customized Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224
Count the 1s in the above bit format,
CIDR Value = /27
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Step 3: Block Size = 2^n = 2^5=32

Allotting the IP Address:


192.168.10.0 Network IP
192.168.10.1/27
192.168.10.2/27
192.168.10.3/27 Valid IP Addresses = 30
.
.
192.168.10.30/27
192.168.10.31 Broadcast IP
Wastage = 30 – 30 = 0 (No Wastage)
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Example 3:
Email: Need 2 IP Addresses.
Ans: We will use the Class C network 192.168.1.0

Step 1: Find the Host bit “n”:


(2^n)-2>=2 Satisfy Equation by putting
(2^2)-2>=2 values of N as 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(4)-2>=2
2>=3, here n = 2

Last 2 Bits of 32 Bits will be used as the host Bit.


STEP 2: Default Subnet Mask to Custom Subnet mask
- According to the Step 1, there are total 2 Host bits
- Host Bits Represented by 0

Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0


11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Moving Right to Left and turn 2 bits “0” and Remaining 1

11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100
Customized Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.252
Count the 1s in the above bit format,
CIDR Value = /30
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Step 3: Block Size = 2^n = 2^2 = 4

Allotting the IP Address:


192.168.10.0 Network IP
192.168.10.1/30
192.168.10.2/30 Valid IP Addresses = 2
192.168.10.3 Broadcast IP
Wastage = 2 – 2 = 0 (No Wastage)
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Class B Subnetting:
Email: Need 500 IP Addresses.
Ans: We will use the Class B network 172.17.0.0

Step 1: Find the Host bit “n”:


(2^n)-2>=500 Satisfy Equation by putting
(2^9)-2>=500 values of N as 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(512)-2>=500
510>=500, here n = 9

Last 9 Bits of 32 Bits will be used as the host Bit.


STEP 2: Default Subnet Mask to Custom Subnet mask
- According to the Step 1, there are total 9 Host bits
- Host Bits Represented by 0

Default Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0


11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
Moving Right to Left and turn 9 bits “0” and other as 1

11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
Customized Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0
Count the 1s in the above bit format,
CIDR Value = /23
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
https://www.youtube.com/@techwithravish
Step 3: Block Size = 2^n = 2^9=512
Allotting the IP Address:
172.17.0.0/23 Network IP
172.17.0.1/23
.
172.17.0.255/23 Valid IP Addresses = 510
172.17.1.0/23
.
172.17.1.254/23
172.17.1.255/23 Broadcast IP
Wastage = 510 – 500 = 10 (This wastage cannot be saved)

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